Abbreviation for commercial A : Anno (in the year). Abbr : Abbreviation. A/C : Account Current. Acct. : Accountant. Actg. : Accounting. A.C.A : Associate of Chartered Accountant. ACBSP : Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs. ACMA : Associate of Cost onad Management Accountants. A.C.R. : Annual Confidential Report. A.D. : Anno Domini (in the year of our lord). A/d : After date; ante diem (before the day) Ad. : Advertisement ADAB. : Association of Development Agents in Bangladesh. ADB. : Asian Development Bank. Ad.Val.A/V : Ad Valorem (in proportion to the value). Ad. Advt. : Advertisement. Admn. : Administration. AIDS. : Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome. AFP. : Agency France Press. AFTA. : Asian Free Trade Agreement. A/G. : Accountant General Agt. : Agent. A-lvvel. : Advanced level (examination). Amt. : Amount. A.M. : Ante meridiem (before noon). AMDISA : Association of Management development institutions of South Asia AMDIB : Association of Management development Institutions of Bangladesh. App. : Appendix. Approx : Approximate, approximately. Ap. : Associate Press. APA : Associate Press of America. APEC : Asia-Pacific Economic Co- operation. API : Associate press of India. APP : Associated Press of Pakistan. A/S : Account Sale ASP : Active Server page (Server Side Scripting language in Computer) ASEAN : Association of South-East Asian Nations. ATN : Asian Television Network. Av. : Average. @ = At the rate of A/c = Account A/c = Account Current Acc. = Acceptance, Accepted Acct. = Accountant A.C.A = Associate of the Institute of Chartered Accountant A/d = After date A/D = Acknowledgement Due ADB = Asian Development Bank A.G. = Accountant General AGB = Accountant General of Bangladesh Amt. = Amount A/o = Account of A.O. = Accounts Office or Administrative Officer AP = Associate Press Appros = Approximate A/S = Account Sales ASEAN = Association of South East Asian Nations Av. = Average A.R = All Risks A.V. or A/v = According to Value Abbreviation (B) BADC. : Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation. BANBEIS : Bangladesh Bureau of Educational information & Statistics. BARI : Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. BARC : Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. BARD : Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development. BASIC : Bank of Small Industry and Commerce, Beginner’s All purpose Symbolic instruction Code (Computer Language) B.B.A : Bachelor of Business Administration. B.B.C : British Broadcasting Corporation. B.C : Before Christ. BCB : Bangladesh Chemical industries Corporation. BCS : Bangladesh Civil Service. BCSIR : Bangladesh Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Bal. : Balance B.D. : Bank Draft. B/d : Brought down (in account books). BDR : Bangladesh Rifle. B.E. : Bill of Exchange; Bachelor of Engineering. D.Ed. : Bachelor of Education. BFUJ : Bangladesh Federal Union of Journalists. B/F : Brought forward (in account books). BGP : Bangladesh Government Press. BIBAIS : Bangladesh Institute of Business Administration and Information System. BIDS : Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies. BIBM : Bangladesh institute of Bank Management. BIIS : Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies. BIM : Bangladesh Institute of Management. BIMSEC : Bangladesh India, Myanmar, Srilanka and Thailand Economic Cooperation. BIRDEM : Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetic Endocrine and Metabolic disorder. BIWTA : Bangladesh Inladn Water Transport Authority. BJMC : Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation. BL. : Bill of Leading. bldg. : building. BMRE : Balancing, Modernization, Replacement and Extension/Expansion. BOI : Board of Investment. BP : Bills Payable. BR. : Bills Receivable. BRAC : Bangladesh Rural Advancement committee. BRTA : Bangladesh Road Transport Authority. BS. : Balance Sheet. BSS : Bangladesh Sangbud Sangstha. BRTC : Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation. BSC : Bangladesh shipping Corporation. BSCIC : Bangladesh small and Cottage industries Corporation. BSFIC : Bangladesh Sugar & Food Industries Corporation. BSRS : Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Sangsthe. BSTI : Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution. BUET : Bangladesh University of engineering and Technology. Bull : Bulletin. BTMC : Bangladesh textile Mills Corporation. BTTB : Bangladesh Telegraph and telephone Board. BTV : Bangladesh Television BHBFC : Bangladesh House Building Finance Corporation. B.A. = Bachelor of Arts B.Com. = Bachelor of Commerce B.Sc. = Bachelor of Science B.A.D.C = Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation B.A.F. = Bangladesh Air Force B.A.R.D = Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development Bal. = Balance B.A.RI. = Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute B.B. = Bangladesh Biman B.B. = Bangladesh Bank B.B.C = British Broadcasting Corporation B.B.R. = Bureau of Business Research B.C. = Before Christ B.C.C.I. = Bank of Credit and commerce International BCIC = Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation BCMS = Bangladesh Co-operative Marketing Society b/d = Brought down B.D.R = Bangladesh Rifles B.E. = Bill of Exchange b/f = Brought forward B.F.A. = Bangladesh Football association B.F.C.C.I = Bangladesh Federation of Chamber of Commerce and Industries B.F.D.C. = Bangladesh Forest Development Corporation B.H.B.F.C = Bangladesh House Building Finance Corporation B.I.A = Bangladesh Insurance Academy B.I.B. = Bangladesh Institute of Bankers B.I.B.M = Bangladesh Institute of Bankers B.I.C.A = Bangladesh Institute of Chartered Accountants B.I.S. = Bank of International Settlement B.I.W.T.A = Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority B.J.M.A = Bangladesh Jute Marketing Association B.J.M.C = Bangladesh Jute Millis Corporation B.J.R.I = Bangladesh Jute Research Institute B.K.B. = Bangladesh Krishi Bank B.L. = Bill of Lading B.N. = Bank Note B.P. = Bills Payable P.P.C = Bangladesh Paragon corporation B.P.D.B. = Bangladesh Power Development Board B.R. = Bills Receivable B.S = Balance Sheet B.S.B. = Bangladesh Shilpa Bank B.S.C.I.C. = Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation B.S.E.C = Bangladesh Steel & Engineering Corporation B.S.L = Bangladesh Standard Institute B.S.F.I.C = Bangladesh Sugar & Food Industries Food Industries Corporation B.T.M.C = Bangladesh Textile Mills corporation B.T.T.B. = Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board B.W.D.B = Bangladesh Water Development Board Bros. = Brothers Bx. = Box Abbreviation (C) C : Centigrade. CA : Chartered Accountant, Commercial Agent. Cal : Calories. C/A. : Current Account. Commercial Agent. CAAB : Civil aviation authority of Bangladesh. CAB : Consumer Association of Bangladesh CARE : Cooperation for American Relief Everywhere. CB : Cash Book CAT : Computer Adaptice Test. CBA : Collective Bargaining Agent. C/d : Carried down. CD-ROM : Compact Disk-Read Only Memory. (A collection of Information stored on a high capacity disk that is accessible by a microcomputer with a CD drive.) C.,cet, Cent : Centurm (a hundred). C/c : Carbon copy, Computer Copy, Curtesy copy. cc. : cubic centimeter. CIA : Central Intelligence Agency (of USA). C/f : Carried forward. C.I.F&C : Cost, Insurance, Freight and Commission. C.f.&I : Cost, freight and insurance. Cg. : Centigram. CEC : Chief Election Commissioner. Cf. : confer (compare from.) Ch : Chapter CID : Criminal investigation Department CIDA : Canadian International Development Agency. CIRDAP : Center for integrated Rural Development for Asia and Pacific. cm. : centimetre. CNG : Compressed Natural Gas. Co. : Company. C/o : Care of C.o.d : Cash on delivery. COBOL : Common Business Oriented Language (computer language) Col : Column. CPU : Central Procession Unit. Cr.P.C : Criminal Procedure Code. Cr. : Credit, Creditor (in account books). CNN : Cable new network. CTBT : Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. C.wt : Centum weight (Hundred weight) C.A. = Chartered Accountant C/A. = Capital Account C.A. = Credit account C.A. = Current Account C.A. = Credit Account C.B. = Cash Book C.C. = Cash Credit C.c. = Carbon copy C/d = Carried down C/f = Carried forward C & F. = Cost and Freight C.I.F. = Cost, Insurance & Freight C.I.F & I. = Cost, Insurance, Freight and Interest C.I.F & C. = Cost. Insurance , Freight and Commission Co. = Company C.O.D. = Cash on Delivery Cr. = Creditor, Credit C.W.O. = Cash with Order Abbreviation (D) d. : dele (to delete word). D.A : Daily Allowance, Dearness allowance. D/D : Demand Draft. Ded. : Debenture. D.C : Deputy Commissioner. DCC : Dhaka city Corporation. DDT : Dichloro-dephenyl- triehloroethane (an insecticide). DIG : Deputy inspector General (of Police). Deptt. : Department. DESCO : Dhaka Electric Supply Company Ltd. Dis : Discount. D.O. : Delivery Order. Demi-oficial D.Lit :Doctor Litteratum or litteraturae. DO : Ditto (the same). D/P : Documents against payment. Dr. : Debtor General. D.G. : Director General. d.s.p : decessit sine prole (died without issue). D.S.P : Deputy Superintendent of Police. Doz : Dozen. D.V. : Deo Volente (if God Wills). D.v.p. : Decessit vita patris (died in his father’s life time). D/A = Documents against acceptance D/a = Document attached D/B. = Day book D/D = Demand Draft Deb. = Debenture D.F. = Draft for Approval Dept. = Department D.G. = Director General D.I.T. = Dhaka improvement Trust D.O. = Delivery Order Div. = Divident D.W. = Dock Warrant Abbreviation (E) e : electronic commerce Ecg : Electrocardiogram. ECNEC : Executive Committee of National Economic Council. ed. : edition. ed.cit : edition cited. Edn. : Education. EEC. : European Economic Community. EFTA : European Free Trade Association Area. e.g. : exampli gratia (for example). e.mail : electronic mail. ENA : Eastern News agency Enc. : Enclosure. Ency. : Encyclopedia (a book giving Encyc : information on every subject) E&O.E. : Errors and Omissions excepted: Esq. : Esquire (courtesy title meaning Mr.) Estt. : Establishment. Et al. : et alii (and others). Etc. : et cetera of et ceteri (and so forth). Et seq : et sequences. EPB. : Export Promotion Bureau. EPZ. : Exprot processing Zone. ESCAP. : Economic and Social commission for Asia and the Pacific. ETS. : Education Testing Service. Ex. : example, examined. Executive, exprt, exclusive. Exc. : except, excellent. Ex.Div. : Exclusive Dividend. Exch. : Exchange. E.C.A.F.E = Economic Commission for Asia and Far East E.C.M. = European Common Market E.E.C. = European Economic Community E.F.T.A. = European Free Trade Association e.g. = For example E.I.R. = Earned Income Relief E.O. = (Ex. Office) Officially E & O.E = Errors and Omissions Excepted. Enc. = Enclosure E.P.Z. = Export procession Zone Ex. = Exchange Ex. Div. = Exclusive of Dividend Abbreviation (F) F.a.a : Free of all average. FAO. : Food & Agricultural Organization F.a.s. : Free alongside ship. FBCCI. : Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of commerce and industry. FCMA : Fellow of Cost and Management Accountants. F.C.P.S : Fellow of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. FDC. : Film development Corporation. FEMA : Fair Election Monitoring Allianc. ff.fol. : folios, and the following ones. FIFA. : Federation fo international Football Association. FIFO : First in First out (in Accounting). Fig.(s) : Figure (s) fl, oz. : Fluid onza (ounce). fn. : foot note. F.N.B : Federation of NGO’s in Bangladesh. F.o.b : free on board. f.o.r : free on rail. FRCP : Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. FRCS : Fellow of the Royal College os Surgeons. frt. : freight. ft. : foot. Fwd. : Forward F.A.A. = Free of all Average Fac. = Facsimile F.A.O. = Food and Agricultural Organization F.A.Q. = Fair Average Quality F.A.S. = Free Alongside ship F.C.A. = Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants F.C.I.I. = Fellow of Chartered Insurance Institute F.D. = Free Dock F.D.R = Fixed Deposit Receipt F.I.B. = Fellow of the Institute of Bankers F.I.R.A. = Fellow of the Institute of Registered Accountant F.O.B. = Free an Board F.O.C = Free of Charge F.O.T = Free of Tax Fit. = Freight Ft. = Foot F.O.R = Free on Rail Fwd. = Forward Abbreviation (G) G. : Gram G.a. : General average GATS : Global Agreement on Trade and Service GATT : General agreement on Tariffs and Trade. GDP : Gross Domestic product. CPO. : General Post Office. GMT. : Greenwich Mean Time. GKB : Ganges Kobadak Project. GMAT. : Graduate Management Admission Test. GNP. : Gross National Product. GP. : General practioner (Medical Doctor), Government Pleader. Govt. : Government. GRE. : Graduate Record Examination. gr.wt. : gross weight. Gym. : gymnasium. G/a = General Average Gall. = Gallon GATT. = General Agreement on Trade and Tariff G.K.P = Ganges Kobadak Project G.M.T. = Greenwich Mean Time G.N.P. = Gross National Product G.P. = Gross Profit Gr. Wt. = Gross Weight Abbreviation (H) HANA : Humanitarian Assistant Needs Assesment. hf. : half hi-fi : high fidelity hr. : hour Hons : Honours. HSBC : Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. H.O. : Head Office H.Q. : Head Quarter. HTML : Hypertext Markup Language (Computer Language for developing site). http : hypertext transfer protocoal. Hwy. : Highway. HYV : High Yielding Varieties. Hz. : Hartz. H.O. = Head Office H.P. = Horse Power Hr. = Hour H.Q. = Head Quarter Abbreviation (I) Id..,ibid : ibidem (in the same place). I.B.A : Institute of Business Administration. IBAIS : Institute of Business Admisintration & information System. IBS. : Institute of Bangladesh Studies. i/c. : in charge of. ICAB : institute of Chartered accountants of Bangladesh. ICC. : International Cricket Committee. ICMAB : Institute of cost & Management Accountants of Bangladesh. ICSMB : Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Managers of Bangladesh. id. : idem (the same). IDA. : international Development Association. IDBB : Industrial Development Bank of Bangladesh. IDLCB. : Industrial Development leasing Company of Bangladesh. i.e. : id est (that is). IELTS : International English Language test System. IFAD : International fund for Agricultural Development. IFC. : International Finance Corporation. i.h.p. : indicated horse power. I.G. : Inspect General (of police. Etc.). Ill. : illustrated, illustration. I.L.O : International Labor Organization. IMF. : International Monetary Fund. in. : inch. inc. : incorporated. inde. : indefinite. incl. : including. Init. : initio (in the beginning) Inst. : institution, instant. Int. : interest. Inv. : Invoice. I.O.U. : O owe you. IP : Internet Protocol. IPA. : International Phonetic Alphabet. IPDCB : Industrial Promotion and Development Company of Bangladesh. IRRI : International Rice Research Institute. IEDP : Integrated Rural Development programme. IQ. : Intelligence Quotient. i.q. : idem quod (the same as). IS : Island. ISBN : International Standard book Number. ISD : International subscriber Dialing. ISESCO : Islamic Educational Scientific Cultural Organization. ISSB : Inter-Service Selection Board. ISI : Inter Services Intelligence (Pakistan). ISSN : International Standard Serial Number. Ital : italic, italicized I.T.O. : Income tax Officer, international Telecommunication organization. I.B. = Invoice of Business Administration I.B.R.D. = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development I.C.M.A. = Institute of Cost and Management Accountants I.C.B. = Investment Corporation of Bangladesh I.C.T.V.T.R. = Islamic Centre for Technical and Vocational Training and research id (Idem) = The same person i.e. (id est) = That is Inc = Incorporation Intra = Below Inter alia = Amongst other things I.D.A. = International Development Association I.D.B. = Islamic Development Bank I.J.A. = Indian Jute Association I.J.C. = International Jute Council I.L.O. = International Labor Organization I.M.F. = International Monetary Fund I.O.U. = I owe you I.R.D.P. = Integrated rural Development Programme I.R.R.I. = International Rice Research Institute Abbreviation (J) J/A : Joint Account. JMBA : Jamuan Multipurpose Bridge Authority. Jn. : June. Junction. Jr. : Junior J.A. = Joint Account Jr. = Junior J.T.C. = Jute Trading Corporation Abbreviation (K) Kc. : Kilocycle. Kilo;kg : Kilogramme Kg. : Kindergarten (school). Km. : Kilometre. Kw. : Kilowatt. Kwhr., kwh. : Kilowatt-hour. Kg. = Kilogram K.P.M. = Karnafuli Paper Mills Abbreviation (L) L. : Lake; left; 50 (Roman Numeral). LAFTA : Latin American Free Trade Association. LAN : Local Area Network (in computer). lat. : latitude. Ib., : libra (pound weight). L.b.w : Leg befor wicket (in cricket). L.C : Letter of Credit. L.c. : Lower case (in printing). LDC. : Lest developed Counters. LLB : Legislative Legume Baccalaurean (Bachelor of Laws) LOFO : Last in First Out (in accounting) Loc. Cit : Loco citato (in the place cited, where new reference is made of the same pagination as cited in the previous note.) L.PC. : Last pay Certificate. LPR. : Leave preparatory to Retirment. L.S.D : Libra, Solidi, Deuarii (pound, shillings, pence). Lph. : Lines per hour (in typing). Ltd. : Limited. L. = Pound Sterling L/A. = Letter of Authority L/C = Letter of credit L.D.C. = Letter developed Countries L.I.P. = Life Insurance policy Lb.(Lebra) = Pound (Weight) Ltd. = Limited L.P.C. = Last Pay certificate L.S.D. = (Lebra Solidi Danarri) Pound, shilling and Pence L.S.E. = London School of Economics Abbreviation (M) M. : Thousand (Roman numeral). M.A : Master of Arts, Memorandum of association. Max. : Maximum. MBBS. : Medicine Bachelor. (Bachelor of Medicine) and bachelor of Surgery. MBA : Master of Business Administration. M.C.C : Marylebone Cricket Club. M.D. : Medicina Doctor 9Doctor of Medicine) Managing Director. Mdme. : Madame. Memo/mem. : Memorandum. Messrs. : Messieurs, (Sirs, Gentlemen used as plural of Mr.) Mike. : Microphone. Min. : minute. Mise. : Miscellaneous. MIST. : Military institute of Science and Technology (Bangladesh). mn. : millimeters. Ms.Mss : Manuscript, Manuscripts. Mgr. : Manager. Mkt. : market. M.O. : Money Order. Mp. : Member of Parliament. Mr. : Mister. Mrs. : Mistress. MTV : Music Television. MV. : Motor Vessel. Mw. : Medium Wave. M/A = Memorandum of Association Max = Maximum Abbreviation (N) N/a. : Non-acceptance. NAFTA : North American free Trade Agreement. NAM. : Non-Aligned Movement. NASA. : National Aeronautic and Space Administration. (in USA) NCTB. : National Curriculum and Textbook Board. N.B. : Nota Bene (Take note). n.b. : No ball (in cricket) N.B.R. : National board of Revenue. N.C.B. : National Credit and commerce Bank. n.d. : no date. Nem. Com. : nemine contradicenente (with no one disagreeing). n.n. : No name. No. : Numero (number). NEC. : National Economic Council. NGO. : Non-Government Organization. NIEM : National Institute of Education management. NIPA. : National Institute of Public Administration. N.P. :Notary Public. n.p. : no place. NSI. : National Security Intelligence (of Bangladesh). Nt.wt. : net weight. NWD : Nation Wide Dialing. Abbreviation (O) O/A. : Old Account. Ob. : Obit (died). Obs. : Obsolete. O/C. : Over Charge Office Commanding. OCAB : Overseas Correspondents Association in Bangladesh. O/D. : Over Draft. O/d. : On demand. O.K. : Orl Krekt (slang term meaning all correct) O-level. : Ordinary level (examination). OMR : Optical Marks Reading Op.cit. : Opera Citato (in the work cited). OPEC . : Organization of Petroleum exporting Countries. O.S.P : Obiit sense prole (died without issue). IXf. : Oxford. Oz. : Onza (Ounce). Abbreviation (P) P,.pp. : Page, pages. P.a. : Per annum. PABX : Private Automatic Branch Exchange (telephone). PBX. : Private Branch Exchange (telephone). Pat. : Patent. Payt. : Payment. PB. : Pass Book P.c. : Per centum (by the hundred) Pd. : Paid. Perpro. : Per procurationaem (signing as p.pro or representative of another). p.p. PERT. : Program evaluation and Review Technique. Pfd. : Preferred. Ph.D. : Philosophiae Doctor (Doctor of Philosophy). PIB : Press Institute of Bangladesh. P.M. : Prime Minister, Post meridiem (afternoon), post mortem. (examination of the dead body in order to ascertain the cause of death). PEN : Poest, Essayists, Novelists (International association of Writers). POWER : Planning, Organizing, Writing. Evaluation, Revising. PRO : Public Relations Officer. Pro tem. : pro tempore (for the time being). PMG. : Post Mater General. Prof. : Professor. Prox. : proximo (nedt). P.T.O. : Please Turn Over. P.S. : Post Scriptum (postscript). PTI. : Press trust of India. PWD. : Public Works Department. Abbreviation (Q) q.e. : quod est (which is). q.e.d. : quod erat demonstrandum (which had to be proved) q.e.f. : quod erat demonstrandum (which had to be done). Qr. : quarter. Qt. : quantify. Quot. : quotation. Qv. : quod vide (which see), quantum vis (as much as you will see). Abbreviation (R) RAKUB : Rajshahi Krishi Unnyan Bank. RAM. :Random Access Memory (internal memorey in the computer accessible to the user). RAW. : Research and Analytical Wing (of India). RADAR. : Radio Detection and Ranging. Rd. : road. Rece. : received. Retd. : retired. Ref. : referee, reference, referred. Regd. : registered. r.h : right hand. Res. : Residence ROM. : Read Only memory (section of memory placed in the computer). RP : Railway Police. R.R. : railway Receipt. Rpm : revolutions per minute. Rm. : ream (500 sheets of paper), room. R.S.V.P. : Respondex slil vous plait (repalyif you please) Ry. : Railway. Rte : route. Abbreviation (S) SALT. : Strategic Arms Limitation talks for Treaty. SAFMA. : South Asian Free Media Association. SAFTA. : South Asian Free Trade Area. SAPTA. : South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement. SAARC : South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. SAT : Scholastic Assessment Test.। SBC : Sadharan Bima Corporation. s.c. : small capitals (in printing). s.d. : sine die (for an indefinite period). Sec. : Secretary. Section. Second. SD.BL : Side Draft. Bill f Lading attached. SIDA. : Swedish international Development Agency. Sd. : Singed. SOFA : Status of Forces Agreement. SNOBOL : String oriented Symbolic Language (Computer language) S.P. : Superintendent of Police. Supra protest. Sq. : Square. SQL. : Structure Query Language (in Computer) Sr. : Senior, Sir. S.S : Steam Ship. SSB : Superior selection Board (of Bangladesh). St. : Street. Sub. : Subject, Submarines. Supdt. : superintendent. STD. : Subscriber Trunk Dialing. SW. : Short Wave. Abbreviation (T) T. : Tare. Ton. T.A : Tuberculosis, Torpede Boat, Trial Balance. TCB. : Trading Corporation of Bangladesh. TCP : Transmission Control Protocol. Tel. : Telephone Telex. : Teleprinter exchange. Termp : Temperature. TIB : Transparency International Bangladesh. T.M.O. : Telegraphic Money Order. TOEFL : Test of English as a Foreign Language. Tr. : Transpose. TSC. : Teacher Student Center. T.T. :Telegraphic Transfer. T.T.C. : Travelling Ticket Checker. T.T.E : Traveling (or Train) Ticket Examiner. T.V. : Television. Abbreviation (U) ULFA : United Liberation Front of Asam. ULt. : Ultimo (last month).l Uk. : United Kingdom Univ. : University. UN. : United Nations. UNB. : United News of Bangladesh. UNDP. : United Nations economic Development Programme. UNEP : United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO : United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural scientific and Cultural Organization. UNICEF : United Nations international children’s emergency Fund. UNCTAD. : United Nations Conference on Trade and development. UNIDO : United Nationa international Development Organization. UNO. : United Nations Organization. u.s : ut supra (as above) U.S : United States. U.S.A : United States of America. UNSC. : United Nations Security Council. USB : United Serial Bus (serial protocol and physical connection for data transfer in computer). Abbreviation (V) V. : Vide (see). VAT. : Value Added Tax. VHF. : Very High Frequency. Varsity. : University. V.C : Vice Chancellor. VCR. : Video Cassette Recorder. VIP : Very important person. Viz. : Videlicet (namely) VOA. : Voice of America. VOI : Voice of Islam (TV. Channel) Vol. : Volume. V.P : Vice President. V.P.P. : Value Payable post. Vs. : Versus (against). VAST. : Very Small Aperture Terminal. V.V : Viva Voce. v.v : vice versa. Abbreviation (W) WAN : Wide Area Network (in Computer) WAPDA. : Water and Power Development Authority. WASA : Water supply and Swerage Authority. WB. : World Bank, Way Bill. Whf. : Whart. W.f. : Wrong Fount (in printing) Whsle. : Wholesale. WHO. : World Health Organization. Wp. : Word processing. WPM. : Word Per Minute. Wt. : Weight. WTO. : World trade Organization. WWW. : World Wide Web (collection of hypertext pages that offer information and links). Abbreviation (X) X.Div. : Excluding Dividend. X.In. : Excluding Interest. XML : Extensible Markup Language (Language for world wide web) Abbreviation (Y) Yd. : Yard Yr. : Year Abbreviation (Z) ZIA. : Zia International Airport. ZIP : Zonal Improvement Plan. Military Abbreviations ADM : Admiral CAPT : Captain CDR : Commander COMO : Commodore ENS : Ensign FADM : Fleet amiral LCDR : Lieutenant Commander. LT : Lieutenant LTJG : Lieutenant (junior grade) LTJG :Lieutenant (Junior grade) MIDN : Midshipman. RADM : Rear Admiral VADM : Vice Admiral A list of common used symbols Here you will find some commonly used symbols that are used in business communication. Symbols Meaning @ at, at the rate of & (ampers and) and * asterisk & C etc. % percent © copyright 0/00 Thousand ¢ cents (s); ® registered Cedi(S) trade mark 0 degree $ Dollar/s £ pound(s) ” ditto ¥ Yen # number
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