Hey, everyone on my History class! If youre interested in Notes for the Final tomorrow heres pretty much EVERYTHING typed up. PART 1 REMEMBER ALL OF THE SHORT ANSWERS WILL BE ON CHAPTER 12!!!!! CHAPTER 12 NOTES NEW IMPERIALISM ~ 1100 Irish Colonization ~ 1492 New World Imperialism ~ Asia and Africa remained free-large empires ~ Empires in Asia and Diseases in Africa ~ 1870s Europe had the tech to begin ~ When the Europeans arrived in Africa & Asia, no one could do anything about. This was primarily due to the fact that they couldnt compare technologically to the Europeans. ~ The Europeans needed more resources, so they had to go into other lands. - Some of these resources included Palm Oil and Petroleum ~ Small things had big effects ~ The British went on to take all of Egypt because they wanted to protect the Sues Canal. ~ A lot of Europeans went to Africa with the hopes of bringing medicine and religion to Africa. ~ Europeans developed a sort of entitlement, believing that they were better than those in Africa and Asia. ~ Europeans also went to Africa with the hopes of expanding their military forces. WEAKNESS OF ASIA AND AFRICA ~ The Chinese became xenophobic and began closing off their country. ~ The Ottoman Empire also grew too large to be successful. ~ In Africa, civil wars kept failing and no one would win (countries would just dissolve) WESTERN ADVANTAGES ~ European style nation-states > competitive; they were always competing with each other. ~ In Europe, they had better technology. - They had steam power, railroads, telegraphs, machine guns, and repeating riffles. ~Medical advances allowed Africa to progress. - Population went from 120,000,000 to 1 billion. RESISTANCE ~ African revolutions > Tanzia + Algeria ~ The Chinese Opium War:The Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, were the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842, and the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860. These were the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire. ~ Domestic Resistance: Citizens of Europe began to question the actions their countries were taking in Africa. FORMS OF IMPERIALISM ~ The French practiced direct rule; they went to where they wanted to conquer and took control. ~ The British used indirect rule; the hired people in the area they were trying to take control to run the area. ~ Protectorates: Country would protect another country in exchange for trade rights. ~ Spheres of Influence- A country would go into a place like Asia/China and establish an area where only they could access. PROBLEMS IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD ~ Eastern nations began to decline, and the Western nations began grow very interested in the areas. ~ The cultures/religions began to clash, and the people either accepted new things or they became aggressive towards the new ideas. ~ Muhammad Ahmad > Mahdi (messiah) ~ Wahabis are an extremely conservative group who interpret the Karan exactly as it is written. They originated in Saudi Arabia and are known for being extremely aggressive in enforcing their ways. ~ At this time, they still have this hard core belief system. OTTOMAN EMPIRE ~ Nationalism became an extremely deadly force for the Ottoman Empire. ~ The Ottomans became extremely physically and emotionally exhausted. ~ The nation was in almost constant revolts. ~ The Europeans became more and more involved with the Ottomans. ~ The Ottomans make attempts at reforms, but are shut down by radical religious people. YOUNG TURKS ~ In 1890s, A liberal-political party is created and called the Young Turks. - Theyre primary goal was to get rid of the Ottoman Empire. ~ In 1908, the Young Turks got rid of the Sultan and created Turkey. ~ World War I delayed the reform movements, so it wasnt until 1921 that Turkey could establish itself. ~ Turkish nationalism was based upon racial superiority. ~ The Turks executed the Armenian Genocide, and began killing off a ton of people. ~ The Turks still will not admit to the Armenian Genocide. EGYPTIAN MODERNIZATION ~ In the early 1800s, Napoleon invaded Egypt and got rid of the Ottomans. ~ When Napoleon left, he left Egypt in a state with no government. ~ So, Muhammad Ali stepped in to modernize Egypt, and became the father of modern Egypt. - He established the seeds of nationalism. ~ In 1859, they offered contracts for the Suez Canal. ~ Unfortunately for the Egyptians, they were unable to build it themselves and had to hire a French company to build it. ~ The Egyptians fell into debt and had to sell the Suez Canal. ~ Britain swooped in and made Egypt a protectorate in 1882. PERSIA ~ The Shahs of Persia are the Qajar Dynasty. ~ Persia became a major power of Russia and Britian. BRITISH IN INDIA ~ The East India trading company was based out of England, and was one of the most powerful companies of all time. ~ In the 1600s, they won exclusive rights to the trading of Mughal Empire. ~ 1700s Mughal Empire collapses, and the British realize they can exploit them and take control. They used rivalries, language, and culture to accomplish this. ~ In the course of 50 years, 500,000 Englishmen conquered the 300,000,000 Indian country. ~ Ironically, there were no more bandits, caste system, or Sati.... The British actually managed to bring peace. SEPOY REBELLION ~ The East India Trading Company began making ALOT mistakes. 1) They had Indians become Sepoys and had to fight abroad. 2) They allowed Hindu women to remarry after their husbands deaths. 3) New rifles were made, greased with the animals these people found sacred (cows and pigs). ~ Due to these things there was massive revolt. ~ But, if the Sepoys didnt fight theyd be punished by the English. ~ The Sepoys revolted and slaughtered thousands of Brits. ~ A huge British army was sent to put down the revolts, and destroyed mass amounts of Central India. COLONIAL IMPACT Positives ~ England established a direct rule of India, and took control from the East India Trading Company. -They established a new-elite class of Western educated Indians. - With the establishment of railways, Indians were able to travel across their country for the very first time. -There healthcare system was also introduced and population boomed. - The British also got rid of the mass bandit problems. Negatives - The British took a huge amount of Indias recourses. - The Indian Industries were destroyed by the factories in England. - The farmlands are turned into cash crop areas, and Indias agriculture was destroyed. CULTURAL DIVISIONS ~ Their were two different ways of thinking. 1) Westernization is great, and India should embrace it. 2) Yes, Westernization has some benefits, but it creates an awful place. ~ Ram Muhan Roy was an Indian elite who was trained in England and thought India should put the ideas of nationalism to use. - This was after learning of the revolutions of the past. ~ Roy is considered the father of Indian nationalism. ~ He believed India should keep the new technology and education, but get rid of some of the old Indian culture. ~ They tried to create their own nation. NATIONALISM ~ Hindus and Muslims had a Civil War over beliefs, and divided the land into Pakistan and India. PART II 1) CHAPTER 5 Section 1; 182-187: When he asks who the Enlightenment Thinkers were say who they were, not their names. - Philosophers -From Europe -Post Renaissance - Say what were there ideas. - Say what their legacy is, what did they leave behind. - They created new ideas, and broke away from the forced ways of thinking - Believed in Freedom of Thinking, Natural Rights, Womens Rights, Equality for All, Absolute Monarch, etc. - They left their ideas to the people and played a large role in the structure of governments in the world. 2) CHAPTER 6 Section 4; 230- 238: Napoleon - Know his military accomplishments -Know his strategies - What was his legacy in Italy, Germany, and Egypt (Unification in Italy and Germany and how he drives out the Ottomans in Egypt; allowing them to create their own nation. - He invades and conquers throughout Europe; jump starts unification 3) CHAPTER 6 Section 4; 230-238: and Chapter 8 Section 1; 272-275: Congress of Vienna - Group made up of the super powers of Europe - Got together to try to fix the problems caused by the French Revolution - Also tried to fix power struggles to ensure that no country could have as much power as the French had had (keeping the Balance of Power) ~ Be able to say why the congress of Vienna fails. - Look at their goals, and analyze why they didnt succeed. - They were scarred by Napolean - Try to protect monarchy - Maintain traditions -The COV was fighting against an incredible powerful rising tide of dicing ideas (liberalism, nationalism) accepted by the masses in Europe. They were not willing to change and could not let go of the past. Conservatism doesnt fit in the new times. 4) CHAPTER 10 Section 4; 343-346: CHAPTER 12 Section 3; 400-405: and CHAPTER 8 Section 1; 272-275: Nationalism - Know that the three big key factors that pushed people together were history, culture, and language. - Be able to focus this on the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires were effected. - Know how nationalism attributed to their dissolution. - Know the beliefs of Nationalists (strive for unity, etc.) - Know some specific uprisings (Serbia, Greece, etc.) -The Ottoman Empire was too spread out and the people were unable to feel unity because of mass differences. These differences cause mass rebellion and the nation just collapses. In the age of nationalism empires just cannot work. -In the Austro-Hungarian Empire they survive better than the Ottomans because they establish the dual monarchy. 5) CHAPTER 8 Section 3; 283-288: Latin America and how it won its independence. - Know the social structure of Latin America at this time. - Know the two major South American leaders (San Martin and Simon Bolivar) - The people were Creoles, Mestizos/Milatos , and Pennisulares. Pennisulares are the top, and the Mestizos/Milatos were the bottom. -They achieve independence through uniting and joining together to rise up.
Posted on: Mon, 07 Apr 2014 00:42:05 +0000
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