JULIUS KAMBARAGE NYERERE Julius Kambarage Nyerere (13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian politician who served as the leader of Tanzania, and previously Tanganyika, from 1960 until his retirement in 1985. Born in Tanganyika to Nyerere Burito (1860–1942), Chief of the Zanaki,[2] Nyerere was known by the Swahili honorific Mwalimu or teacher, his profession prior to politics.[3] He was also referred to as Baba wa Taifa (Father of the Nation).[4] Nyerere received his higher education at Makerere University in Kampala and the University of Edinburgh. After he returned to Tanganyika, he worked as a teacher. In 1954, he helped form the Tanganyika African National Union. When Tanganyika was granted responsible government in 1960, Nyerere became Chief Minister. He led Tanganyika to independence a year later and became the new countrys first Prime Minister The country became a republic in 1962, with Nyerere as the countrys first first president. During the first years, Nyerere created a single-party system and used preventive detention to eliminate trade unions and opposition. In 1964, Tanganyika became politically united with Zanzibar and was renamed Tanzania, with Nyerere as president of the unified country. He was the sole candidate for president in the unified countrys first election, in 1965, and was reelected unopposed every five years until his retirement in 1985. In 1967, influenced by the ideas of African socialism, Nyerere issued the Arusha Declaration, which outlined his vision of ujamaa (unity, oneness or familyhood), a concept that came to dominate his policies. However, his policies led to economic decline, systematic corruption, and unavailability of goods. In the early 1970s, Nyerere ordered his security forces to forcibly transfer much of the population to collective farms and, because of opposition from villagers, often burned villages down. This campaign pushed the nation to the brink of starvation and made it dependent on foreign food aid. In 1985, after more than two decades in power, he relinquished power to his hand-picked successor, Ali Hassan Mwinyi. Nyerere left Tanzania as one of the poorest, least developed, and most foreign aid-dependent countries in the world,[5] although much progress in services such as health and education had nevertheless been achieved.[6] As such, Julius Nyerere is still a controversial figure in Tanzania. He remained the chairman of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi for another five years until 1990. He died of leukaemia in London in 1999.
Posted on: Sat, 18 Oct 2014 05:32:55 +0000
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