The Epiphany of the Lord - Solemnity Book of Isaiah 60:1-6. Rise up in splendor, Jerusalem! Your light has come, the glory of the Lord shines upon you. See, darkness covers the earth, and thick clouds cover the peoples; But upon you the LORD shines, and over you appears his glory. Nations shall walk by your light, and kings by your shining radiance. Raise your eyes and look about; they all gather and come to you: Your sons come from afar, and your daughters in the arms of their nurses. Then you shall be radiant at what you see, your heart shall throb and overflow, For the riches of the sea shall be emptied out before you, the wealth of nations shall be brought to you. Caravans of camels shall fill you, dromedaries from Midian and Ephah; All from Sheba shall come bearing gold and frankincense, and proclaiming the praises of the LORD. Psalms 72(71):1-2.7-8.10-11.12-13. O God, with your judgment endow the king, and with your justice, the kings son; He shall govern your people with justice and your afflicted ones with judgment. Justice shall flower in his days, and profound peace, till the moon be no more. May he rule from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth. The kings of Tarshish and the Isles shall offer gifts; the kings of Arabia and Seba shall bring tribute. All kings shall pay him homage, all nations shall serve him. For he shall rescue the poor when he cries out, And the afflicted when he has no one to help him. He shall have pity for the lowly and the poor; The lives of the poor he shall save. Letter to the Ephesians 3:2-3a.5-6. Brothers and sisters: You have heard of the stewardship of Gods grace that was given to me for your benefit, (namely, that) the mystery was made known to me by revelation, as I have written briefly earlier. which was not made known to human beings in other generations as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit, that the Gentiles are coheirs, members of the same body, and copartners in the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel. Holy Gospel of Jesus Christ according to Saint Matthew 2:1-12. When Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, in the days of King Herod, behold, magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem, saying, Where is the newborn king of the Jews? We saw his star at its rising and have come to do him homage. When King Herod heard this, he was greatly troubled, and all Jerusalem with him. Assembling all the chief priests and the scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Messiah was to be born. They said to him, In Bethlehem of Judea, for thus it has been written through the prophet: And you, Bethlehem, land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; since from you shall come a ruler, who is to shepherd my people Israel. Then Herod called the magi secretly and ascertained from them the time of the stars appearance. He sent them to Bethlehem and said, Go and search diligently for the child. When you have found him, bring me word, that I too may go and do him homage. After their audience with the king they set out. And behold, the star that they had seen at its rising preceded them, until it came and stopped over the place where the child was. They were overjoyed at seeing the star, and on entering the house they saw the child with Mary his mother. They prostrated themselves and did him homage. Then they opened their treasures and offered him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. And having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they departed for their country by another way. Commentary of the day Saint Bernard (1091-1153), Cistercian monk and doctor of the Church 1st Sermon for the Epiphany They prostrated themselves and did him homage God’s intention was not only to come down to earth but to become known there; not only to be born but to be recognised. In fact, it is with this recognition in mind that we hold this celebration of the Epiphany, the great day of his manifestation. For it was today that the Magi came from the East in search of the Sun of Justice at its rising (Mal 3,20), he of whom we read: “Behold a man whose name is the Orient,” (Zec 6,12 Vul.). Today they have adored the Virgin’s newborn child, following the guidance of a new star. What great cause for joy do we not find here, my brethren, as also in those words of the apostle Paul: “The kindness and generous love of God our Saviour have appeared,” (Tit 3,4)… What is this you are doing, you Magi? What is this you are doing? Are you adoring an infant at the breast in a wretched hovel, wrapped in miserable rags? Can a child such as this really be God? Yet, “The Lord is in his holy temple, the Lord’s throne is in heaven.” (Ps 11 [10],4) while you are looking for him in a common stable, held in his mother’s arms! Whatever are you doing? Why are you offering him gold? Could such as one as this be king? Where, then, is his royal court, his throne, his crowd of courtiers? Can a stable be a palace, a crib a throne, Mary and Joseph members of his court? How on earth could wise men be so crazy as to adore a baby, as contemptible by reason of his age as for the poverty of his family? Mad? Yes, they have become so in order to be wise. The Holy Spirit has taught them already what the apostle Paul would later proclaim: “Whoever would be wise, let him become a fool. For since the world, in all its wisdom, did not come to know God in his Wisdom, it has pleased God to save those who believe through the foolishness of the Gospel we proclaim, (cf 1Cor 1,21)… And so they prostrate themselves before this poor child; they do him homage as to a king; they adore him as a God. He who outwardly guided them by a star has cast his light into the interior of their hearts. Lectio: Sunday, January 4, 2015 Click here if your Country celebrate the feast of the Epiphany today John 1,1-18 A different picture of Jesus The words of a Canticle of the Community 1. Opening prayer Lord Jesus, send your Spirit to help us to read the Scriptures with the same mind that you read them to the disciples on the way to Emmaus. In the light of the Word, written in the Bible, you helped them to discover the presence of God in the disturbing events of your sentence and death. Thus, the cross that seemed to be the end of all hope became for them the source of life and of resurrection. Create in us silence so that we may listen to your voice in Creation and in the Scriptures, in events and in people, above all in the poor and suffering. May your word guide us so that we too, like the two disciples from Emmaus, may experience the force of your resurrection and witness to others that you are alive in our midst as source of fraternity, justice and peace. We ask this of you, Jesus, son of Mary, who revealed to us the Father and sent us your Spirit. Amen. 2. Reading a) Key to the reading - the literary context: This Sunday we meditate on the solemn Prologue of the Gospel of John. The Prologue is the entrance door. It is the first thing that is written. It is like a final summary, placed at the beginning. Under the form of a profound poem, mysterious and very solemn, John offers a summary of all that he will say about Jesus in twenty one chapters of his Gospel. Probably, this poem was from a canticle of the community, used and adapted by John. The canticle communicated an experience that the communities had of Jesus, the Word of God. Today also, we have many hymns and poems which try to translate and communicate who Jesus is for us. They reveal the experience that our communities have of Jesus. A poem is like a spectacle. It helps to discover the things which are inside us. Every time that we listen to or repeat attentively a poem, we discover new things, in the poem itself, as well as within us. During the reading of the Prologue of the Gospel of John it is well to activate our own memory and try to remember some canticle or poem on Jesus, of the time of our childhood, which has marked our life. b) A division of the text to help the reading: 1,1-5: The Word of God is light for all human beings 1,6-8: John the Baptist was not the Light 1,9-11: His own did not recognize him 1,12-13: Those who receive him become children of God 1,14: The Word became flesh 1,15-17: Moses give the Law, Jesus gives Grace and Truth 1,18: It is like the rain that washes. c) The text: 1 In the beginning was the Word: the Word was with God and the Word was God. 2 He was with God in the beginning. 3 Through him all things came into being, not one thing came into being except through him. 4 What has come into being in him was life, life that was the light of men; 5 and light shines in darkness, and darkness could not overpower it. 6 A man came, sent by God. His name was John. 7 He came as a witness, to bear witness to the light, so that everyone might believe through him. 8 He was not the light, he was to bear witness to the light. 9 The Word was the real light that gives light to everyone; he was coming into the world. 10 He was in the world that had come into being through him, and the world did not recognise him. 11 He came to his own and his own people did not accept him. 12 But to those who did accept him he gave power to become children of God, to those who believed in his name 13 who were born not from human stock or human desire or human will but from God himself. 14 The Word became flesh, he lived among us, and we saw his glory, the glory that he has from the Father as only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth. 15 John witnesses to him. He proclaims: This is the one of whom I said: He who comes after me has passed ahead of me because he existed before me. 16 Indeed, from his fullness we have, all of us, received -- one gift replacing another, 17 for the Law was given through Moses, grace and truth have come through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has ever seen God; it is the only Son, who is close to the Fathers heart, who has made him known. 3. A moment of prayerful silence so that the Word of God may penetrate and enlighten our life. 4. Some questions to help us in our personal reflection. i) Which phrase of the Prologue struck you the most? Why? ii) Which are the images used by John in this poem to say who Jesus was for the community? iii) Which is the new thing that the poem of John makes me discover in myself? iv) The poem of John says. “He came to his own and his own people did not accept him!” (Jn 1, 11). What does this sentence mean? How does this happen today? v) Which are the facts or events or persons of the Old Testament which are recalled in the Prologue? 5. For those who wish to deepen more into the text a) The context: On the Prologue of the Gospel of John many books have been written. And every year new ones are published. But they do not exhaust the content of the theme. This because the Prologue is like a source. The more water is drawn out from the source, the more it will give. Anyone who places his head above the source or fountain and looks inside, he sees his face mirrored in the water of the source. Describing the face that is seen, two things are described: the water of the source is commented upon, the prologue, and it tells us what has been discovered within the person himself. The Prologue helps one to understand why the Fourth Gospel is so diverse from the other Gospels. In the Prologue, John presents the vision that he has of Jesus, Word of God, and describes the route of the Word. The Word was with God from the beginning of creation and by it everything was created. Everything which exists is an expression of the Word of God. Even being present in everything, the Word has wanted to place himself even closer to us and because of this he became flesh in Jesus, and lived among us, he carried out his mission and has returned to the Father. Jesus is the living Word of God. In everything that he says and does he reveals the Father: “Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father!” (Jn 14,9). He and the Father “The Father and I are one” (Jn 10, 30). b) Commentary on the text: John 1, 1-5: The Word of God is light for every human being. In saying: “In the beginning was the Word”, John makes us think in the first sentence of the Bible which says: “In the beginning God created Heaven and earth” (Gn 1, 1). God created by his Word. “The moment he spoke, it was so, no sooner had he commanded, than there it stood” (Ps 33, 9; Ps 148, 5). All creatures are an expression of the Word of God. Here, from the beginning, we have the first sign of ecumenical and ecological openness of the Fourth Gospel. The Prologue says that the universal presence of God’s Word is life and light for every human being. But the majority of persons do not perceive the Good News of the luminous presence of the Word of God in their lives. The living Word of God, present in all things, shines in the darkness, but the darkness could not overpower it. John 1, 6-8: John the Baptist was not the Light. John the Baptist comes to help people to discover this luminous and consoling presence of the Word of God in life. The witness of John the Baptist was so important, that up to the end of the first century, at the time that the Fourth Gospel was written, there were still persons who believed that he, John, was the Messiah! (Ac 19,3; Jo 1,20). For this reason, the Prologue clarifies things saying: “John was not the light! He came to bear witness to the light!” John 1, 9-11: His own did not accept him. Just as God’s Word manifests itself in nature, in creation, in the same way also, it manifests itself in the “world”, that is in the history of humanity, and particularly, in the history of the people of God. When he speaks about world, John wants to indicate a system, that of the empire as well as of the religion of the time, systems closed up in themselves and therefore, incapable to know and to receive the luminous presence of the Word of God. The “world” did not recognize, did not accept the Word. From the time of Abraham and of Moses, the Word “came for his own, but his own did not recognize him”. John 1,12-13: Those who accept to become children of God. But the persons who opened themselves accepting the Word, became children of God. The person becomes a son or daughter of God not by own merit, but by the simple fact of trusting and of believing that God, in his goodness, accepts us and welcomes us. The Word enters into the person and makes her/him feel accepted by God as daughter, as son. This is the power of God’s grace. John 1, 14: The Word became flesh. God does not want to be far away from us. For this reason his Word gets close to us and becomes present in our midst in the person of Jesus. The Prologue literally says: “The Word became flesh and placed his tent in the midst of his people. Now the tent where God dwells with us is Jesus “full of grace and truth!” Jesus comes to reveal who is this God who is present in everything, from the beginning of creation. John 1, 15-17: Moses gave the Law, Jesus came to bring us Grace and Truth. These verses render the witness of John the Baptist. John began his proclamation before Jesus, but Jesus existed before him. Jesus is the Word which was already with God even before creation. Moses, in giving us the Law, manifested God’s will. Jesus gives us the fullness of grace and of truth which help us to understand and to observe the Law. John 1, 18: It is like the rain which washes. This last verse summarizes everything. It recalls the prophecy of Isaiah, according to which the Word of God is like rain which comes from heaven and does not return without having carried out its mission on earth (Is 55, 10-11). The way of the Word of God is like that. It comes from God and descends among us in the Person of Jesus. Through the obedience of Jesus he carried out his mission here on earth. At the hour of his death, Jesus gives up his Spirit and returns to the Father (Jn 19, 30). He fulfilled the mission which he had received. c) Deepening - The roots or origin of the Prologue of the Gospel of John: The roots of Divine Wisdom - The Gospel of John is a poetical and symbolical text. It is difficult to say from where the author took such beautiful ideas and images to construct this poem. But something is certain, he had the concern to show that the prophecies of the Old Testament had been fulfilled in Jesus. That is why, speaking about Jesus, he recalls central points of the Old Testament. In the Prologue, we find much similarity with the poems of the Old Testament which present Divine Wisdom under the form of a person (Pr 9, 1-6), which already existed before all things. She participated in the creation of the world as an artist and craftsman of the universe, playing on the surface of the earth and delighting with humanity (Pr 8, 22-31). Desirous to have friendly relations, she invites persons to taste the sweetness of her honey and of her fruits (Si 22, 18-20). On the streets, the public squares and the cross roads she proclaims her word and asks that her advice be followed (Pr 1, 18-20). Wisdom is light and life: “Although she is alone, she can do everything; herself unchanging, she renews the world. She is indeed more splendid than the sun, she outshines all the constellations” (Ws 7, 26-29; cfr. I Jn 1, 5). Certainly, the communities of John knew these passages and John inspired himself in them to compose the poem which introduces his Gospel. The Apocalyptic origin - There is another point of view which influenced the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel. In the Old Testament there was a popular belief, called Apocalyptic, according to which, together with God in heaven there were two personages to help him to govern the world and to guide humanity: an accuser (John 1, 6) and a defender or redeemer (Jn 19, 25). The Accuser kept God informed about our evil deeds. The Defender or Advocate took up our defence before the Judge. The Accuser in Hebrew is Satan. The Defender is Goél. The first Christians said: Jesus is our Defender or Saviour before God (Lk 2, 11). To defend us he descended from Heaven and, being here on earth, he took upon himself our pains, sufferings and came to live as we do and became our servant. He took upon himself the accusations which the Accuser made against us and “destroyed them, by nailing them to the cross” (Col 2, 13-15). Thus, the Accuser (Satan) lost his function and was thrown out of Heaven (Ap 12, 7-9). Jesus comes to free us! Through his death and resurrection, he becomes our Defender (Goél. Risen, he went back to the Father opening the way for all of us. He is the way, the truth and the life which take us to the house of the Father. This is the summary of the Prologue and also the summary of all the Gospel of John. 6. Prayer: Psalm 19 (18) “God’s Word is truth!” The heavens declare the glory of God, the vault of heaven proclaims his handiwork, day discourses of it to day, night to night hands on the knowledge. No utterance at all, no speech, not a sound to be heard, but from the entire earth the design stands out, this message reaches the whole world. High above, he pitched a tent for the sun, who comes forth from his pavilion like a bridegroom, delights like a champion in the course to be run. Rising on the one horizon he runs his circuit to the other, and nothing can escape his heat. The Law of Yahweh is perfect, refreshment to the soul; the decree of Yahweh is trustworthy, wisdom for the simple. The precepts of Yahweh are honest, joy for the heart; the commandment of Yahweh is pure, light for the eyes. The fear of Yahweh is pure, lasting for ever; the judgements of Yahweh are true, upright, every one, more desirable than gold, even than the finest gold; his words are sweeter than honey, that drips from the comb. Thus your servant is formed by them; observing them brings great reward. But who can detect his own failings? Wash away my hidden faults. And from pride preserve your servant, never let it be my master. So shall I be above reproach, free from grave sin. May the words of my mouth always find favour, and the whispering of my heart, in your presence, Yahweh, my rock, my redeemer. 7. Final Prayer Lord Jesus, we thank for the word that has enabled us to understand better the will of the Father. May your Spirit enlighten our actions and grant us the strength to practice that which your Word has revealed to us. May we, like Mary, your mother, not only listen to but also practise the Word. You who live and reign with the Father in the unity of the Holy Spirit forever and ever. Amen.
Posted on: Sun, 04 Jan 2015 00:45:05 +0000
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