2nd Grading MAPEH MUSIC THE MUSIC OF EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES Lesson 1: JAPANESE MUSIC Japanese vocal music is quite different from the western vocal music. It is based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing. Japanese musicians show their spiritual self-mastery in mastering his or her instrument more than simply perfecting a technique of some sort and how they give value to their performance and composure. Instrumental music of Japan Traditional Japanese music is basically meditative in character. Its performance is highly ritualized, as much in the music itself, as in the composure of the musicians when performing it. The performance of Japanese music has traditionally been of a spiritual character. Percussion instruments (membranopones) 1. Odaiko (big drums)- the physical energy and sheer excitement of an Odaiko performer is an integral part of many Japanese matsuri(rituals) 2. Tsuzumi (hourglass shape)- there are two varieties, the smaller kotsuzumi and the larger otsuzumi. They are used both in noh and kabuki performances. The Kotsuzumi is held on the right shoulder and the player alters the tone by squeezing the laces. The otsuzumi is placed on the left high. 3. Tsuridaiko – a large hanging barrel drum 4. Taiko- is a Japanese drum that comes in various sizes and is used to play a variety of musical genres. String Instruments (chordophones) 1. Koto- is a 13-string zither, about two meters long and made of Paulownia wood. It is plucked using picks on the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand. 2. Shamisen- is a plucked string instrument. Its construction follows a guitar or a banjo, employing a neck, and strings stretched across a resonating body. 3. Biwa- is a Japanese short-necked fretted lute often used in narrative storytelling. The biwa is the chosen instrument of Benten, the goddess of music. Wind instrument (aerophones) 1. Shakuhachi- the most famous flute made from bamboo. It has 4 to 5 finger holes on the front face and a hole on the front face and thumbhole on the rear face. 2. Nokan- a parallel bamboo flute(fue) is the only melodic instrument in noh. 3. Hichiriki- a double reed Japanese fue(flute) used as one of two main melodic instruments in Japanese gagaku music, the other being the ryuteki. 4. Sho- is a Japanese free reed musical instrument that was introduced from China during the Nara period. 5. Shinobue- also called takebue the context of Japanese traditional arts. It is Japanese transverse flute or fue that has a high-pitched sound. 6. Ryuteki- literally dragon flute is a Japanese transverse fue made of bamboo. Lesson 2: CHINESE MUSIC Their music was dominated by the teachings of the philosopher Confucius. He conceived music in the highest sense as a means of calming the passion of dispelling of unrest and lust, rather than as a form of amusement. Traditionally, the Chinese have believed that sound influences the harmony of the universe. Chinese musical instrument 1. Yueqin- moon shaped lute with shorter neck and four strings, played with a spectrum, used for accompanying local operas. 2. Pipa- Four stringed lute with 30 frets and a pear –shaped body. 3. Erhu- two stringed fiddle and one of the most popular Chinese instruments. 4. Yunluo- literally “cloud gongs” or “cloud of gongs”. The yunluo is a set of 10 tuned gongs mounted in a wooden frame. The yunluo’s gongs are generally of equal diameter but different in thickness. The thicker gongs produce higher pitch. 5. Sheng- a Chinese mouth organ, looks like a set of panpipes, with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes. 6. Dizi- the traditional Chinese flute 7. Zheng- an ancient Chinese instrument that has an arched surface and an arched surface and an elongated –trapezoid with 13 to 21 strings stretched over individual bridges. 8. Pengling- These are two small bells made of high-tin bronze, without internal clappers and hemispheric or bottomless gourd-like in shape. Lesson 3: KOREAN MUSIC Korea’s folk music tradition offers a more energetic and capricious contrast to the nation’s collection of classical music works. It represents soul and sound of traditional Korean villagers with an eclectic array of music forms. Chong-ak means literally “right(correct) music”. Its tradition includes both instrumental and vocal music which were cultivated mainly by the upper – class literati of the Joseon society. Song- aka or minsogak is a category of Korean music traditionally associated with the lower classes or for the general public and are vibrant and energetic. Instruments of korea String instruments 1. Kayagum(gayageum)- it is a traditional Korean zither-like string instruments with 12 strings, although more recently variants have been constructed with 21 or more number of strings. 2. Geomungo(goguryeo)- is a six-string plucked traditional Korean stringed musical instrument of the zither family instruments with both bridges and frets. 3. Haegum(two stringed vertical fiddle) – it has a rod like neck, a hollow wooden soundbox, two silkstrings, and held vertically and played with a bow. Wind instruments 1. Piri- used in both folk and classical (court) music of Korea. It is made of bamboo. Its large reed and cylindrical bore gives it a sound mellower than of many other types of oboe. 2. Changgo- is the most widely used drum in the traditional music in Korea. It is available in most kinds and consists of an hour glass – shaped body with two heads made from animal skin.
Posted on: Mon, 26 Aug 2013 13:30:47 +0000
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