A SHORT CHRONOLOGY OF DIFFERENT PERIODS IN EUROPES HISTORY Get - TopicsExpress

A SHORT CHRONOLOGY OF DIFFERENT PERIODS IN EUROPES HISTORY Get to know Whitey EARLY EUROPE Before 2000 BC 10,000,000 BC: Mediterranean Sea is formed. 1,000,000 BC: First Ice Age Europeans as Foraging Peoples: 1,000,000 - 5,000 BC 850,000-700,000 BC: Earliest evidence of human life in Europe: Homo erectus. 50,000-60,000 BC: Europe is inhabited by Neanderthals. 35,000-10,000 BC: Paleolithic Art c. 30,000 to 25,000 BC: Woman of Willendorf c. 27,000 to 23,000 BC: Dolni Vestonice 25,000 - 12,000 BC: Venus Figures 18,000 BC: Chauvet cave, France 15,000 BC: Lascaux cave paintings c. 14,000 to 10,000 BC: Altamira Cave Paintings 12,000 to 8,000 BC: The Ice Age Europeans as Agricultural Peoples: 5,000 - 2,000 BC 4,500 BC: Neolithic Revolution in Western and Central Europe 4,000 BC: The Culture of Vra 3,500 BC: Indo-European MigrationIndia and Central Asia Chronology 2,000 BC: Stonehenge 2,250 BC: Copper working CELTIC EUROPE 1850 BC- AD 400 1850 BC: Celto-Ligurian culture 1600 BC: Bronze work 1200 BC: Urnfield Celts 600 BC: Iron work 390 BC: Celts sack Rome and enter history as Gauls. 44 BC: A Roman army under Julius Caesar conquers Gaul. GERMANIC MIGRATIONS IN WESTERN EUROPE AD 300-500 306-337: ConstantineByzantine Empire Chronology 312: Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity The Edict of Milan grants legal rights to Christians 325: The Council of Nicea 361-363: Julian the Apostate 372: Attila the Hun defeats the Visigoths 378: Battle of Adrianople 379-395: Theodosius 406: Thousands of Germans cross the Rhine into the Roman Empire 410: Rome is sacked by the Visigoths 354-430: St. Augustine of Hippo 450: Anglo-Saxons invade England 455: Rome is sacked by the Vandals. 476: Romulus Augustulus, the last Roman emperor in the West is deposed. WESTERN EUROPE AT THE PERIPHERY OF MODERN SOCIETY AD 500-1600 The Roman Empire was the western end of a trade network that extended across Eurasia. With the withdrawal of Roman government, Western Europe no longer participated in this continental trade. For more than a thousand years, Western Europe was on the periphery of world society. During this period, this people of Western Europe developed a culture based on a mixture of Greco-Roman, Christian and Germanic elements. 500-1000: Beginnings of Germanic Christianity 481-511: Clovis, King of the Franks. 597: Saint Augustine begins his missionary work in England. 711-715: Moslem conquest of Spain. 768-814: Reign of Charlemagne 871-899: Alfred the Great of England 936-973: Otto I (the Great) 1000-1350: Attempts at Christian Civilization 1066: The Battle of Hastings 1075-1122: The Investiture Controversy 1095-1291: The Crusading Era 1222-1242: The Mongol Invasion of Europe 1225-1274: St. Thomas Aquinas 1300-1600: Age of Reform 1305-1377: Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy 1337-1453: Hundred Years War 1347-1351: The Black Death 1378-1415: The Great Schism 1453: Fall of Constantinople 1517: Luthers 95 Theses THE BEGINNINGS OF GERMANIC CHRISTIANITY 500-1000 While conventionally the period after the fall of the Roman Empire in the West is thought of as an age of darkness, in fact it was the formative period of a new culture. Christian missionaries brought a form of Christianity to the Germanic peoples that had strong Greco-Roman elelments. While the intention was to Christianize and civilize these barbaric people, in the end, a new form of Christianity developed in which Greco-Roman cultural elements were combined with aspects of Germanic culture. c. 450: Anglo-Saxons invade England. 481-511: Clovis, King of the Franks. 484: Gundobad proclaims the Burgundian Code 565-750: Christianization of Britain: 565: Saint Columba begins missionary work among the Picts in Scotland. 597: Saint Augustine begins his missionary work in England. c. 735: Bede writes History of the English Church and People. 711-715: Moslem conquest of Spain. 732: Battle of Tours 756-1031: Omayyad Dynasty of Cordova c. 1126-1198: ibn Rushd (Averroes) 768-814: Reign of Charlemagne 777: Charlemagne invades Spain. 800: Charlemagne is crowned emperor, temporarily reviving the Roman Empire in the West. 843: Treaty of Verdun divides Charlemagnes empire. 800-900: Viking raids against European mainland 871-899: Alfred the Great of England 936-973: Otto I (the Great) 955: Battle of Lechfield 962: Otto is crowned emperor, reviving the Roman Empire in the West. ATTEMPTS AT CHRISTIAN CIVILISATION 1000-1350 936: Otto the Great begins consolidation of the Holy Roman Empire 1066: The Battle of Hastings 1164-1216: Reign of King John of England 1215: Magna carta is presented to King John 1073-1216: Papal led Church Reforms 1075-1122: The Investiture Controversy 1079-1144: Peter Abelard 1095-1291: The Crusading Era 1222-1242: The Mongol Invasion of Europe 1225-1274: St. Thomas Aquinas THE AGE OF REFORM 1300-1600 1300-1500: Theo-Social Experiments 1305-1377: Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy 1337-1453: Hundred Years War 1347-1351: The Black Death 1378-1415: The Great Schism 1382: John Wyclifs teachings are condemned by the Synod of London. Nominalism vs Realism Controversy 1410: Jan Hus is excommunicated by the Archbishop of Prague. 1414: Thomas a Kempis, The Imitation of Christ. 1415: Jan Hus is burned as a heretic. 1453: Fall of Constantinople 1492: The Spanish Inquisition orders Jews in Spain to convert or leave. 1494: Savarolas theocratic government in Florence. 1501: Erasmus of Rotterdam, Enchiridian militis christiani [Handbook of the Militant Christian]. 1400-1550: Renaissance 1250-1500: Humanism 1385-1520: The Italian Renaissance The Northern Renaissance 1415-1650: The Voyages of Exploration 1500-1598: The Reformation 1500-1555: The Lutheran Reformation 1520-1560: The Reformed Church 1530-1560: The English Reformation 1520-1550:The Radical Reformation 1500-1565: The Catholic Reformation 1500-1650: The Wars of Religion THE CENTRE PERIOD Western Europe moves to the Center of Global Society 1600 to 1900 From around the year 1000, Western Europe is slowly re-integrated into world society. A series of changes within Europe, the Reformation, the Rise of States and the Voyages of Exploration, dramatically change the relationship between Europe and the rest of the world. By 1800, Europe is no longer on the periphery of world society, it is at the center. THE EUROPEAN VOYAGES OF EXPLORATION: 1415-1650 Portuguese explorers seek a route to India and China: 1415-1510 The Spanish colonization of Central and South America: 1492-1540 British and French colonization of North America: 1497-1600 Global Exploration: 1500-1650 The Rise of States: 1598-1789 1598-1689: The Age of Absolute Monarchy 1689-1815: The Age of Enlightened Despotism 1713-1789: Conflict among the Great Power 1543-1688: The Scientific Revolution 1688-1789: The Enlightenment 1775-1914: The Age of Liberalism and Nationalism The European Voyages of Exploration: 1415-1650 Portuguese explorers seek a route to India and China: 1415-1510 1415: The Portuguese capture Ceuta. 1433: Cape Bojador is rounded by Gil Eannes. 1482: Elmina Castle is built. 1484: Diogo Cao discovers the Congo estuary. 1488: Bartolomeu Dias rounds the Cape of Good Hope. 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas. 1497-1498: Vasco da Gama sails to India. 1500: Pedro Cabral discovers Brazil. 1510: The Portuguese capture Goa. The Spanish colonization of Central and South America: 1492-1540 1492: Christopher Columbus discovers islands in the Caribbean. 1513: Nunez de Balboa is the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas. 1519-1538: Hernan Cortes conquers Mexico. 1540-1542: Coronado explores what will be the Southwestern United States. British and French colonization of North America: 1497-1600 1497: John Cabot makes his voyage to North America. 1534-1535: Jacques Cartier explores the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. 1585: The First English colony in North America is established on Roanoke Island. 1600: The English East India Company is founded. Global Exploration: 1500-1650 1519-1522: The first circumnavigation of the global is begun under the leadership of Ferdinand Magellan and completed by Sebastian del Cano. 1553: Richard Chancellor sails to Archangel seeking a Northeast Passage. 1576-1578: Martin Frobisher sails in search of a Northwest Passage. 1596: Willem Barents sails to Novaya Zemlya. 1606: Willem Janszoon discovers Australia. 1642: Abel Tasman discovers Tasmania and New Zealand. THE RISE OF THE STATE 1598-1789 National Chronologies Spain England France The Holy Roman Empire The Age of the Hapsburgs: 1519-1588 1519-1556: Charles V 1556-1598: The reign of Philip II 1568: The Revolt of the Netherlands Begins 1588: Defeat of the Spanish Armada The Age of Absolute Monarchies: 1598-1689 1509-1547: Henry VIII 1598: Edict of Nantes 1643-1715: Louis XIV 1649-1660: The Puritan Republic 1688: The Glorious Revolution The Scientific Revolution: 1543-1688 1543: Nicolas Copernicus publishes de Revolutionibus 1600: William Gilbert publishes Concerning the Magnet 1628: William Harvey, On the Motion of the Heart and Blood 1632: Galileo: Concerning the Two Chief World Systems 1662: The Royal Society is founded. 1687: Newtons Principia mathematica The Age of Enlightened Despotism: 1689-1815 Peter the Great of Russia: 1672-1725; r. 1682-1725 Catherine the Great of Russia: 1729-96; r. 1762-1796 Frederick the Great of Prussia: 1712-86; r. 1740-86 Joseph II of Austria: 1741-90; r. 1765-90 Napoleon I of France: 1769-1821; r. 1799-1815 1688-1789: Enlightenment 1690: Lockes Second Treatise 1748: Montesquieus Spirit of the Laws 1762: Rousseaus The Social Contract 1782: Kants Critique of Pure Reason Conflict Among the Great Powers: 1713-1789 1713: Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of the Spanish Succession 1740-1748: The War of the Austrian Succession 1756-1763: The Seven Years War THE ENLIGHTENMENT 1690-1795 1605: Francis Bacon (1561-1626) publishes Advancement of Learning. 1637: Rene Descartes publishes his Discourse on Method, in which he lays the foundation for modern philosophy. 1644-9: Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655), in a series of works, revives the traditions of Epicureanism and Skepticism. 1690: John Locke (1632-1704) publishes his Essay Concerning Human Understanding , which lays the foundation for the empirical school of philosophy, and his Second Treatise on Government, which is the basis for liberalism. 1682-1718: Karl XII, King of Sweden 1740-1785: Frederick the Great of Prussia 1748: Montesquieu (1689-1755) publishes his Spirit of the Laws. 1751: The first volume of the Encyclopedie is published. 1759: Voltaire (1694-1778) publishes Candide. 1762: Rousseau (1712-1778) publishes both Emile and The Social Contract. 1764: Cesare Beccaria publishes his Essays on Crimes and Punishments. 1776: Adam Smith (1723-1790) publishes The Wealth of Nations. 1782: Immanuel Kant: The Critique of Pure Reason 1789: Antoine Lavoisier publishes his treatise on chemistry, laying the foundation for the modern theory of chemical elements. 1795: Condorcet (1743-1794)publishes Progess of the Human Mind. AGE OF NATION STATES 1715-1914 1713-1789: Rise of the Great Powers 1763-1848: Age of Revolutions 1763-1783: American Revolution 1789-1795: French Revolution 1795-1815: Napoleonic Europe 1815-1848: Revolutions of Liberal Nationalism 1848-1914: Age of Liberalism 1850-1915: European Diplomacy 1848-1871: The Consolidation of Nation-States 1848-1900: Liberal Parties Dominate National Politics 1848-1917: The Rise of Socialism 1880-1914: New Imperialism 1875-1905: The Second Industrial revolution. THE GLOBAL PERIOD Europe among the Super Powers 1914 to the Present While Europe remains an important part of world society, it is no longer the dominant force in the world. That position was taken by the United States and, for a time, the Soviet Union. 1914-1989: Age of World wars 1914-1918: World War One 1918-1939: The Inter-War Period 1939-1945: World War Two 1945-1989: The Cold War 1989-Present: The Post-Cold War World