An Alternative To The Theory Of Relativity. Historical background The first successful experiment to measure the speed of light was from Ole Roemer in 1976, since then, several experiments have been conducted, resulting a finite speed for the Light in vacuum of 299.792.458 m/s. Other relevant events in the History of Optical Physics were many different theories that have tried to explain the nature of Light and determine whether it is wave or corpuscular, and although many unresolved theoretical aspects still exists, the most accepted theory is that the light has a dual nature, encapsulating in the quantum electrodynamics the Maxwell principles and the corpuscular theory. Being Paul Dirac, one of the pioneers in this regard. In the 18th Century, many contradictions surfaced between classical physics and experiments carried out by several scientists since the light waves being emitted by a moving object had a final speed that differed of the predicted result by the vectorial sum between the speed of the sender object and the speed of light. The English astronomer George Airy got similar results when measuring through a telescope and a fluid with the same speed of the earth and against the results he was expecting ,even so the light didn’t change its relative motion. From these experiments the best known is from Michelson –Morley, that with the use of an interferometer they demonstrated that the speed of the light doesn’t change no matter the speed of the observers. This experiment did not bring about coherent results respect Ether Theory (initial motivation of scientists), although it was the precursor of the Lorentz contraction concept and the factor that carries his name which was introduced by Hendrik Antoon Lorentz in 1904 which later would be the fundament of the Special Theory of Relativity published by the Jewish-German scientist Albert Einstein. Current Theoretical Framework According to the current theoretical framework, related to the Theory of the Relativity, if the velocity of any particle is greater than the light, then the denominator of the Lorentz’ factor would be an imaginary number (this denominator is equal to the square root of: 1 minus the division between the velocity of the particle squared on the velocity of the light squared), therefore under this paradigm the hyper luminous velocity is a Mathematical unconquerable impossibility. However and to the surprise of many, on September 23rd, 2011 results of an experiment (OPERA) were made public, and it took place at the offices of CERN, and although they demonstrated that its results weren’t accurate, many people, including me, thought that the velocity of neutrino could be higher than the Light, which according to the current theoretical framework radically contradicts the special theory of relativity, theory that has been for decades a paradigm quasi-unquestionable to physicists around the world. Approach In view of all the foregoing, I did an alternate paradigm to Lorentz Transformation since although the experiment showed that OPERA was inaccurate due to damage in the measuring equipment used for it, the theory that I present here is of great importance and validity, due to the fact that there are other Faster than light phenomena, such as the Casimir effect, the Hartman effect (Quantum tunnelling or tunnelling effect) and the experience of MarlanOrvil Scully, in the Young’s slit experiment. In addition the most prominent of these phenomena, the EPR Paradox, or Quantum entanglement, a phenomenon predicted theoretically and experimentally demonstrated in which they are presented velocities much greater than the light; paradox predicted by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen in 1935 while the term was coined by Erwin Schrödinger in the same year. Quantum entanglement has been proved in several experiments, just to mention one, recently it has been estimated the approximate velocity of this process, by a team of European scientists who succeed transferring photons between the Canary islands of La Palma and Tenerife, a Spanish territory located in front of North Africa, at a distance of nearly 93 miles. (Several other teams have carried out similar experiments). This interaction occurs at approximately 10,000 times the speed of light, which, according to the paradigm Einstein - Lorentz would be mathematically impossible (Einstein called it, spooky action at a distance). However, some people discard that there may be an Einstein –EPR paradox, arguing that in the phenomenon of quantum entanglement mass or energy is not transmitted, however, lets know some of the implications of this argument. (The alternative factor proposed is independent of the nature of Quantum Entanglement, so it might be a concept that changes the vision we have of the Special Relativity): 1- The nature of the Quantum Entanglement itself is unknown, thus it still belongs to the field of scientific philosophy. Nevertheless the effect of this phenomenon is observable in an experimental way. 2- We do not know the nature of this phenomenon; however, we do know that it modify the quantum state of the involved particles (spin, momentum, position and polarization). And taking into consideration the definition of energy, which in its simplest form, we would be able to express as follows: Energy is the ability to produce work or movement (just what happens in the Quantum Entanglement), thus it is impossible to exclude the transmission of energy in this phenomenon (even information cant travel faster than lihgt) However, I do not pose that particles with mass are transmitted in any Faster than light phenomena, but fields or quantum bridges without mass and with independent velocity from the original source like the light. This may be an scientific heresy, but may be not, just think about it. 3- The not separability is a mathematical property that raises the impossibility for factoring the statistical probability of the wave function of the entangled particles (these have the same wave function), because they are dependent variables in the same system. However, mathematical principles are essential when it comes to describing a natural phenomenon, but never the opposite, in other words, even if they are dependent variables in the same system, the phenomenon occurs almost instantly no matter the distance between the photons so that whatever binds to these particles out of the process is much faster than light itself. Also the principle of non-locality is a philosophical, not scientific output of a physical problem that needs answering. It is a reality that should not be omitted for the fact that they are variables of the same system. If we start from the premise that energy (although if energy or information may not be transmitted, special relativity has a great challenge when it comes to reconcile its postulates with the speed at which occurs the Quantum entanglement and all forms of this new perspective would be useful in explaining this paradox) is transmitted to a faster than light speed (based on the argument of the definition of energy) we would have the need for an alternate paradigm to that proposed by Lorentz Transformations: New Theory: I formulate an alternative to the limitation imposed by the Lorentz Transformations to any faster than light process (using the same Lorentz Factor), where wed replace the variable in the denominator and instead of C (speed of light), would be “U” (universal variable speed), although of course, The inertial observers A and B will detect emission U and not light or electromagnetic waves of any length . Furthermore, the observers would be with an hypothetical interferometer that instead of mirrors and lenses would have detectors that capture the emission of U phenomenom. If we carried out the experiment of Michelson - Morley, under these conditions, then the speed of the faster than light phenomenon, will be independent from the perspective of the inertial observer and the speed of light would no longer be the maximum for the observers. On this basis, when calculating the alternate Lorentz factor (referred to as Omega) with a speed greater than C (in inertial systems, since for not inertial systems the mathematical approach would be different, but possible), would not produce as a result an imaginary number, but will be the square root of a positive number, because the speed of the particle would not be higher than the speed of the U, but higher than C. In other words, if we bear in mind that the information doesnt travel by means of electromagnetic waves whose speed in a vacuum is always C, but by Faster than light emission, then the speed of light would not be the maximum speed allowed in a system, but U. (Only if The observers perceive information through U phenomenom, and not through the light or photons of any wave length; this is the main paradigm of the current proposal). When we apply this principle to fields, waves or quantum bridges the U bridge that is being moved to a speed greater than C, would travel to the “future” only in relation to our “present, determined by the photonic information” regarding to the system, but never regarding to initial (0) moment in which occurs the phenomenon. It is for this reason that the practical application of the Special Relativity formulas, regarding the synchronization of satellites and ground stations are accurate, but ineffective if we try to reconcile them with the Quantum entanglement, simple because is faster than C. Due to the fact that the paradigm of the limited relativity is so deeply rooted in the scientific community, Ill present three examples or hypothetical experiments, some theoretical and other empiricals that will allow us to visualize the proposal theory, in these we assume that there is no mass transfer, and that the speed of the wave, field or “quantum bridge” involved have an independent speed of the original source: 1- The following experiment is empirical and hypothetical: a torpedo is fired to a submarine with a X speed and emits a sound wave of 932 miles/s (approximate the speed of sound under the sea, although we will assume it as a constant in this experiment), for the operator of the sonar aboard of the submarine, the time and space will shrink in proportion to X, and if the torpedo moves away, the time and space would expand from the perspective of the sonar board operator also in proportion to X, in a proportional manner to the Doppler effect, although without taking into consideration the length of the wave, but the relativity space- moment of the observers in this system would be same as the one described by the Lorentz factor, but instead of C, the constant in the denominator of Lorentz will be S (velocity of sound under the sea), let us remember that the speed of sound is constant and independent from the torpedo speed, a similar performance to the photons, although the sound is a mechanical wave. 2-If a hypothetical particle (let’s name it Z), travels faster than the velocity of light, let’s say C +0.1 C (205 miles/s), (and, like the photons. Its velocity is independent from the original source and constant) and the original source (that emits photons and waves Z at the same time and in all directions), is moving away from us at a velocity C, (assuming that we as inertial observers in this system can “see” or detect both photons as well as particles Z), then the time with respect to Z would delay, but the information will reach us, while the information transmitted by the photons will never be perceived by us. On the other hand, if the original source travels toward us at the velocity of C, then from our Photonics perspective, the shrinking of time will tend to zero (for us, the relative information will come in time zero of the event, although this has happened before for a relative observer positioned in the original source, while from our perspective Z, the time would shrink, but we will not perceive the phenomenon at the moment zero, (contrary to the relative observer in the original source that will do). 3-The third example is the Quantum entanglement, is a real phenomenon, although the nature of the processes involved is unknown until now, however I will have the audacity to name the link of the entangled particles “quantum bridge” which allows the communication between entangled particles occur 10,000 times the speed of light (lower limit demonstrable), so that phenomenon presents a challenge to the scientific community when tried to reconcile them with the theory of Special Relativity, although any mass or useful information be transmitted in it. But when we apply the principle of the two previous examples, the challenge goes away, as long as we take into account that the quantum bridge has a quantum velocity independent of the original source, has a constant velocity and does not have mass. In this case the inertial observers in the entangled particles, will perceive the time dilated when the emitting particle moves away from the receiving particle and the time will shrink when the emitting particle gets closer to the entangled particle with a velocity X. In this case, the denominator of Lorentz would not be an imaginary number, although it may be involved in the Faster than light system. Conclusion Although we have not dealt with the principles of General Relativity in this new approach (since the experiments carried out with atomic clocks in different height and velocity have yielded results in accordance with General Relativity, perhaps because of gravity effect on these processes), the implications of the Omega factor on the physics of space and time would change in a radical way the theoretical framework of modern physics and the vision we have of our environment, it is my desire that this new paradigm may be an effective tool to resolve the paradox between Special Relativity and the quantum teleportation and any physical phenomenon in which the Faster than light speed could be taking into account as a hypothesis or Theory in the quest for scientific knowledge and description of the physical processes of our environment.
Posted on: Wed, 31 Dec 2014 13:11:06 +0000
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