An area of the law that is changing very quickly in the modern world is the law related to computer crime. Increasingly, criminals are using computers to help them commit new crimes like identity theft, and to make it easier to commit old crimes like theft or fraud . Technological criminals may get into computer systems to find out confidential information and use this to make money. Unfortunately, computer crimes are often more difficult to solve than traditional crimes because the criminals are invisible and their actions may be hard to prove. It can also be difficult to prosecute a computer criminal successfully because usually nothing is actually stolen or physically damaged. Hopefully, in future, computer experts will discover more effective ways of detecting such crimes. A particular factor in the growth of computer crime has been the increase in the number of ordinary people who use internet websites to buy things, to book holidays or to access their bank accounts in order to transfer money or pay bills. This new type of business has attracted techno-criminals who may order goods and services without paying , or break into the computer systems of businesses or financial organisations and either move money to their own account or send viruses which can seriously damage computers and the information they contain. These viruses can affect millions of people worldwide. Computers with Internet connections can also be used more safely by criminals than face- to-face meetings or telephone conversations to pass on confidential information or to plan crimes. In addition to this, computers allow criminals access to millions of people worldwide whom they may persuade to pay for something worthless or to support a fake charity organization. A 1., criminals use computers for certain purposes. Write down them. 2. What does the underlined word viruses mean? 3 What does the underlined word who , in paragraph three, line 2, refer to? 4. viruses affect millions of people worldwide .Explain this statement. 5.According to the second paragraph, computer crimes are difficult to solve for certain reasons. Write them down. will find out new ways to discover 6. Quote he sentence which indicates that computer experts computer crimes. B. Critical Thinking. It is difficult to prosecute a computer criminal successfully. Think of this statement and in two sentences write your point of view . The first paper was made from cloth nearly two thousand years ago in China. Although paper can be made from all kinds of materials, such as cotton fibres, grass or sugar cane, these days wood pulp is the material most commonly used to make new paper-that is, paper which contains no old or recycled paper. The modern world uses so much paper that environmentalists have persuaded us that we should recycle old paper as well as making new paper. There is an increasing awareness in Jordan of the need to recycle both paper and other materials. Paper-recycling containers can now be found in some parts of the country and some government agencies have begun paper recycling programmes. Also, there is greater education in schools about the need to take care of our environment. Although we use wood pulp from trees to make new paper, it is not true that recycling paper saves trees. Trees are a commercially grown long-term crop, so that when they are cut down, new ones are planted. Also, papermakers use the parts of trees that cannot be used in other industries such as building and furniture making. Nearly all new paper is made from wood grown in sustainable forests. Here are some of the facts related to producing recycled paper : A large proportion of household waste is paper or cardboard. About half of this is newspapers and magazines. For every tonne of paper used for recycling, we save 30,000 litres of water, 3000-4000 kwh of electricity, and reduce air pollution. Recycling paper is less harmful to the environment than burying it in landfill sites. because paper that is buried in the ground rots and produces methane, which is This is a powerful greenhouse gas. Despite our increasing dependence on information stored on computers, there will always be a demand for paper. In the interests of our environment, we have to make sure that we continue to recycle as much of it as possible 1. there are some resources of recycled paper. Write them down. 2 There is an increasing awareness in Jordan of the need to recycle both paper and other materials. Write down two examples. 3. What does the underlined word wood pulp mean? 4. What does the underlined word ones, refer to? 5. Write down (Quote ) the sentence from the text which shows that recycling paper doesnt hurt the environment as burying it in the ground . 6. According to the text, the writer states that recycling paper is less harmful to the environment than burying it in landfill sites. Explain this statement. B. Critical Thinking. Our environment deserves our interests. Think of this statement and in two sentences write your point of view about what should we do to save it from pollution. We usually think that greenhouse gases are harmful, but without these gases the climate of the Earth would be like the climate of Mars: too cold for human beings to survive. Greenhouse gases, which include carbon dioxide and methane, keep the heat of the sun in and prevent our planet from freezing. However, for the last 200 years people have been using enormous quantities of fossil fuels like coal, gas and oil. When these fuels are burnt, they produce large amounts of carbon dioxide and this keeps more of the sun’s heat in. The result is that the temperature of the Earth is rising year by year. This is leading to more extreme weather: high winds and heavy rain, which produce storms and flooding. The problem is made worse by the fact that we are destroying the world’s rainforests. Trees naturally consume carbon dioxide, but because there are fewer trees, more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. Because of the increase in the Earth’s temperature, the ice at the north and south poles is melting, and this is causing sea levels to rise. Eventually, many areas of land which are now on the coast will be flooded. Leading scientists are warning that if the authorities don’t introduce new laws to reduce greenhouse gas increases now, the results could be disastrous for life on Earth. A. 1. greenhouses contain two kinds of gases. Write down these two kinds. 2. people have been using large quantities of fossil fuels. Write down two of these fuels. 3. Quote the sentence which indicates that greenhouse gases protect the Earth from freezing. 4. What does the underlined word survive mean ? 5. What does the underlined word “which”, in the third paragraph, refer to? 6. According to the text, the writer states that the government is responsible for finding a solution to the increase of greenhouse gases. Explain this statement, justifying your answer. B. Critical Thinking Human activities are the real cause of natural disaster. Think of this statement and, in two sentences, write down your point of view. The Eden Project, which opened in the year 2000. It is a living plant museum in the countryside in the south – west of England. It is a very popular attraction and millions of visitors come every year to see plants from all over the world growing in this special environment. Some plants grow outside, but many are in specially- built domes, called biomes , where the temperature and humidity are carefully controlled. The biomes are like giant greenhouses and one, the Humid Tropics biome, is the largest greenhouse in the world. It is over 55m high and 200m long and contains many thousands of exotic plants not found in England. One of the purposes of the project is to show how dependent human being are on plants and to educate people on the importance of preserving our natural environment. Aside from the plant life, the Eden project has fascinating interactive exhibits for people of all ages. Many of the visitors are groups of school children and the Eden Project combines educational value with scientific interest and a huge variety of spectacular plant life. A. 1. Biomes have certain characteristics. Write down them ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. Quote the sentences which indicates for the date (time) of opening the project. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. What does the underlined pronoun it, refer to? ………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. What does the underlined word biomes mean? ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5. There are purposes of the Eden Project. Write down them ………………………………………………………………………………………. 6. The Eden Project combines certain things. Explain this statement. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Critical Thinking B. Plants are very important for peoples lives. Think of this statement and in two sentences, write your point of view. Desertification, which is the process in which productive land changes into desert, is an increasingly serious problem in over a hundred countries of the world. One billion people, out of a total world population of six billion, suffer from its effects. Desertification usually occurs in dry areas where there is no rain and where the climate is harsh. In these places, the top layer of soil is destroyed so that the land can no longer be used for growing crops or grazing animals. This means that people who depend on the land for food have to move to greener areas in order to survive. A proportion of the population may survive by moving, but others may die because of shortages of food and water. Although natural changes in the climate often start the process, the activities of human beings are often the real cause of desertification. Because there are growing numbers of people to feed, farmers tend to overcultivate their land, with the result that the soil becomes poor and unproductive. Other farmers overgraze their land and this permanently kills off and other plants. In addition to the effects of farming, deforestation – the cutting grass trees– also erodes the soil. Trees are usually cut down to make more agricultural of down once there are no longer trees and plants on an area of land, there is nothing land, but and rain from blowing or washing away the top layer of soil. The dust to stop the wind this produces can travel long distances and affect the health of people living which kilometers away. in cities thousands of But this is not the end of the story : desertification can create conditions which produce strong wind and dangerous wildfires and this leads to even greater pressure on the ,water. most precious resource Earths 1. According to the text, there are certain qualities for dry areas. Write them down. 2. According to the text, desertification can create conditions. Write them down. 3. Quote the sentence from the third paragraph which indicates that farmers grow the land more than necessary. 4. What does the underlined pronoun its , in paragraph 1, line 3, refer to? 5. What does the underlined word graze mean? 6. According to text, the writer states that the activities of human beings are often the real cause of desertification. Explain this statement, justifying your answer. Critical Thinking Many people may die if they stay in dry areas. Think of this statement and in two sentences, write your point of view. In the early 19th century, the most important industry in Ireland was agriculture . But the farmers were poor and they used old-fashioned methods. Because they heard that they could earn four times as much in America, some farmers emigrated. But between 1820 and 1840, the economic situation in Ireland deteriorated.In 1845 the Potato Famine began. Diseases destroyed 75% of the years potatoes – the main food for most of the population. During the next two years, 350,000 people died of starvation and there was a huge increase in emigration to America. By the end of 1845, a quarter of the population of Ireland had left for the United States. Tristan da Cunha is a small island in the South Atlantic Ocean. In August 1961, earth tremors started and gradually became more frequent. At the beginning of October, the government decided that the island was no longer safe and the whole population of 268 people was evacuated to a nearby island. A ship picked them up and took them to South Africa. As they passed Tristan da Cunha, they saw the volcano erupt. Later the people were taken to England, where they stayed for the next two years. In 1963, the volcanic activity on the island stopped and most of the people voted to go back. However, not everyone returned: 14 people had adapted to life in England and decided to stay there, and five elderly people had died. There were other changes too: ten couples from the island had married, and eight babies had been born. The economic success of the 1960s and 1970s saw the Arabian Gulf countries transformed into modern and wealthy states, funded by oil and other precious natural resources such as natural gas. The needs of the oil and construction industries led to a huge demand for skilled workers. Many thousands of people moved to the region to help build high-tech cities all over the Gulf. These workers, from many regions of the world, were able to find a better life and help with the development of the region. 1. According to the text, large numbers of people left their own countries to live in another country for some reasons. Write down two of these reasons. 2. According to the text, there are some natural disasters that occurred (took place) in Tristan da Cunha. Write down these two natural disasters. 3. Quote the sentence which shows that the economic situation got worse between 1820 and 1840. 4. What does the underlined word development mean? 5. What does the underlined pronoun them , in paragraph two, refer to? 6.According to the text, the writer states that the economic success of the 1960s and 1970s saw the Arabian Gulf countries transformed into modern and wealthy states. Explain this statement. Critical Thinking Migration can lead to bad effects on people . Think of this statement and in two sentences, write your point of view. raise commit access confidential Animals usually migrate to find food or to ………….. their young. 1- 2. Many animals migrate to northern regions during the northern summer. 3. Technological criminals may get into computer systems to find out ................. information and use this to make money. 4. criminals are using computers to help them …………… new crimes like identity theft. climate , light , case , spring, currency 1- Ahmed is going to give his sister a new leather …………. . 2. my manager gave me the green …………… to do the project. 3. We get water from a ……………. . 4. …………………. Has coins and banknotes. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Ali cant leave the country because his name is on the black list. What does the underlined on the black list mean? * Rami wrote a note to his mother. What does the underlined a note mean? The rainforest of the Amazon region of Brazil in South America covers five percent of the worlds land surface and is home to at least 30 percent of the worlds animals and plants. The area is also the home of 220,000 people from about 180 different tribes who live deep in the forest. The rainforest itself is an important environment but, because of its size and location, it also plays a vital part in controlling the worlds climate. It does this by taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Recently, however, large areas of the Amazon rainforest have been cut down to make more land for farmers. In the last three years, for example, 70,000 square kilometers have been destroyed- this is the same as six football pitches every minute. Much of this destruction, which leaves the land dry and dusty, is illegal. Farmers use most of the new land to grow soya beans, which they export to other parts of the world to be used as animal food. Millions of chickens in western European countries are fed on South American soya beans. Increasingly, some soya beans are also being turned into food for human consumption; many vegetarian foods are based on soya beans. Other areas of the rainforest are cleared by ranchers who use the land for their cattle, by loggers who sell the valuable tropical hardwood from the trees they cut down, or by oil companies who are trying to find more oil. These activities help to improve the economy of the region, but at the expense of the future of the global environment. In addition to destroying ancient forests and changing the worlds climate, deforestation is having a devastating effect on native populations who are dependent on the rainforest for everything they need, from food and tools to medicines and shelter. 1. According to the text, the rainforest plays a vital role in controlling the worlds climate through two processes . Write them down. 2. There are two uses for soya beans as food. Write down two of these uses. 3. Quote the sentence which indicates that humans activities affect the future of the worlds climate. 4. What does the underlined word global mean? 5. What does the underlined pronoun it , in the first paragraph, refer to? 6. According to the text, the writer thinks that deforestation damages the worlds climate. Explain this statement, suggesting three ways to protect the rainforest from cutting down. Teach others about the importance of the environment and how they can help save rainforests. • Establish parks to protect rainforests and wildlife • Encourage people to live in a way that doesnt hurt the environment 7- Replace the underlined word find with the suitable phrasal verb. Critical Thinking Destroying the rainforest affect the global environment. Think of this statement and in two sentences, write your point of view. When we talk about animal migration we mean the movement of an animal from the place where it has been living to a different place and the return journey to that animals original home. Most animal migrations are recurrent events which happen at certain times of the year. Animals usually migrate to find food or to raise their young. Incredibly, most migrating animals follow the same route every year and from generation to generation. Land animals may cross mountains or forge rivers, while birds and insects travel extensive distances, sometimes across continents and oceans. Fish and other sea creatures may migrate halfway round the world. For example, the grey whale can travel as much as 20,000 kilometers. Many animals migrate to northern regions during the northern summer because the long summer days mean that there is always plenty of food. In the autumn, when the weather gets colder, many animals migrate south to find food and warmer weather (the southern summer).Some animals migrate every year, doing the two journeys in but others migrate only if they need to find food or for more temperate weather. one year, 1. Animals migrate from one place to another for certain reasons . Write down two of these reasons. 2. According to the text, many animals migrate south for certain purposes. Write them down. 3. Quote the sentence which indicates that whales can cross long distances. . What does the underlined pronoun their , in the first paragraph, refer to? 4 Word forge mean? .. What does the underlined 5 . According to the text, the writer states that Many animals migrate to northern regions during 6 the northern summer. Explain this statement, justifying your answer. Critical Thinking Animals migrate from one place to another in certain times. Think of this statement and in two sentences, write your point of view. An area of the law that is changing very quickly in the modern world is the law related to computer crime . Criminals are using computers to help them commit new crimes like identity theft, and to make it easier to commit old crimes like theft or fraud . Technological criminals may get into computer systems to find out confidential information and use this to make money. Unfortunately, computer crimes are often more difficult to solve than traditional crimes because the criminals are invisible and their actions may be hard to prove. It can also be difficult to prosecute a computer criminal successfully because usually nothing is actually stolen or physically damaged. Hopefully, in future, computer experts will discover more effective ways of detecting such crimes. A particular factor in the growth of computer crime has been the increase in the number of ordinary people who use internet websites to buy things, to book holidays or to access their bank accounts in order to transfer money or pay bills. This new type of business has attracted techno-criminals who may order goods and services without paying , or break into the computer systems of businesses or financial organisations and either move money to their own account or send viruses which can seriously damage computers and the information they contain. These viruses can affect millions of people worldwide. Computers with Internet connections can also be used more safely by criminals than face- to-face meetings or telephone conversations to pass on confidential information or to plan crimes. In addition to this, computers allow criminals access to millions of people worldwide whom they may persuade to pay for something worthless or to support a fake charity organization. A. 1- What does the underlined word fake mean ? 2- It is difficult to prosecute a computer criminal for causes. Write down these causes. 3. What does the underlined word who, refer to ? 4. Criminals get into computer systems for some reasons. Write them down. 5. Quote the sentence which indicates that criminals use computer to do new crimes and facilitate old ones. 6. Viruses damage computers and the information they contain. Explain this statement, suggesting three ways to protect your computer. B. Critical Thinking Criminals should be punished. Think of this statement and in two sentences, write your point of view. It may seem very strange, but plants are always in danger from animals which want to feed on them. If this happens, the plant can be damaged or even killed. So, because their roots, trunks, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds are under constant attack from mammals, insects or birds, plants have developed ways of protecting themselves from these enemies. Here are some of the ways plants stop animals from attacking and eating them. Sharp thorns and stings Some plants which grow in dry climates, for example cactuses, store large quantities of water in their stems. To protect themselves, they have sharp thorns. Animals will hurt themselves if they try to get to the water from these plants. Other plants, like stinging nettles, can inject painful or irritating substances into their enemies by means of the sharp hairs on their leaves. Poison There are many plants which protect themselves by poisoning their enemies. In some cases the poison they contain is so powerful that it can kill any living thing which touches or eats them. The poison can be in the leaves, the seeds or berries, or in other parts of the plant. إعداد: وليد عليوات 0786446786 insects some acacia trees in hot African countries are protected by ants which live permanently on their branches. If an animal starts to eat the trees leaves, the ants attack it. Sticky gum Some plants, such as horse chestnut trees, are covered with a sticky substance, like paint, which can prevent insects from eating them. Sometimes this substance is wet insects feet or wings get stuck and they cannot escape. so strong that 1- What does the underlined word which, refer to ?. 2- Nettles, can inject certain materials substances into their enemies. Write them down. 3 - There are some plants mentioned in the text. Write down two of these plants. 4 - Quote the sentence which indicates that acacia trees are grown in hot countries. 5- Some parts of insects get stuck on as horse chestnut trees . Write down these parts. 6- What does the underlined word trunk mean? CRITICAL THINKING: Plants and insects help each other in order to survive .Think of this statement and give your point in two sentences. temperate , red , court , enforce , prove 1- I saw …………….. when they accused me of being lazy. 2- The ………………… found that the man was guilty. 3- Some birds migrate to find a …………………. Weather. 4- The word ………………… means to put into effect. Appeal , row , legal spring , Case , 1- The word ………………. means petition or demand. 2- I like ………………… more than winter. 3- Please, sit in the first ……………….. . 4- I put my paper and documents in a black ………….. . come up with , Keep up with , tool , global , lightning As a supervisor, you should ………………………… high technologies in 1- your field. 2- The scholars have ………….………. many interesting results and recommendations 3- The word ……………… means a piece of equipment for doing a particular job 4- Thunder and …………………… are also part of weather. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. It is wrong to overgeneralize when we deal with foreign languages. What does the underlined prefix over mean? 2- Unfortunately, my car has run out of petrol. The gas station is remote. What does the underlined phrasal verb run out of mean? 3- There are different types of plants in the rainforest. What does the underlined word types mean? 4- my brother came in my room out of blue. What does the underlined color item out of blue mean? confidential, deteriorated, fine , sustainable , consumption 1 – Soya beans are being turned into food for human ...................... 2- I keep my ....................... information in my diary. 3- A large herds from gazelles live in ...................... forests. 4- The judge may …………… the man or send him to prison. climate cultivate dust graze forge survive recurrent 1 Land animals may cross mountains or ................. rivers. 2. Harsh ............. …….. can start desertification, but human activities are often the real cause of desertification. 3. It is very difficult for human beings to................. without agriculture. 4. Farmers are advised to........... their land every year. 5. ............. can cause health problems for people. 6- Most animal migrations are …………… events which happen at certain times of the year. exotic protect temperate waste starvation industry 1 . The aim of this project is to ………………….. poor children. 2. About 50% of the paper and cardboard in hold house .............................. is made up of newspapers and magazines. 3. The local people have noticed ………………… animals in the jungle. 4. Many people have died in Africa because of ………………………. 5. Animals often migrate to find food and more .............................. weather. What does the three-part come up with mean in the following sentence? The police come up with new results about the crime. ………………………………………………………………………….. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- They had a ………………………… argument last night. (violence) 2- The retreat of the army was very …………………………… (chaos) 3- Unemployment is falling as more people find …………… work. (permanently) 4- Average ……………are expected to double in the next ten years. (earn) 5- There is a…….. situation in society if there were no ……. systems. (chaos / law) 6- Storms caused the……………. of most of the crops. (destroy) 7- It has been a……………. year for the tea industry. (disaster) 8- They find a better life and help with the……..of the region. (develop) ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. She …………recently ……….…. a new building. ( buy ) 4. Sami ……….. never …………….. any letter until he was 3 years old. ( say ) 5. Huda looks sleepy now. She …………….. her science project all night. (be , do) 4. Rami …………… his car two hours ago . ( repair ) 5- I wish they ……………………. any troubles during their flight. ( face) 6- I wish you …………………. Early to the party. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I don’t visit the dentist at all. I wish ……………………………………… Sami cant come to the party. I wish …………………………………………………………..……. Benefits of Vitamin 12 - Give a lot of energy. - Refresh your memory. - Keep you away from diseases. الاخطاء المتوقعة املائيا م 3 klimate, kultivate, kloth, kourt, kreatures,exotik, bulp, bollution, brecious, brove, brotect, brinciple, fibrez, toolz, recoursez, seedz, domez, raize, thornz, virusez, thift, indastry, devestating, furge, dast, resk, famene, rabbish, temparate, humedity,identety, matarial, irode, soel.
Posted on: Fri, 26 Dec 2014 21:52:57 +0000
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