Artikel mengenai Panglima Awang dipetik dari: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_of_Malacca Enrique of Malacca (Spanish: Enrique de Malaca), (Portuguese: Henrique de Malaca), was a native of the Malay Archipelago who was probably the first person to circumnavigate the world. He became a slave of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in the 16th century. Italian historian Antonio Pigafetta, who wrote the most comprehensive account of Magellans voyage, named him Henrique (which was Hispanicized as Enrique in official Spanish documents). Pigafetta explicitly states that Henrique was a native of Sumatra. His name appears as Henrique,[1] which is Portuguese, and is probably the name given to him at his christening, as he was baptized a Roman Catholic by his Portuguese captors. His name appears only in Pigafettas account, in Magellans Last Will, and in official documents at the Casa de Contratación de las Indias of the Magellan expedition to the Philippines. As set out in Magellans document Last Will, Magellan acquired Enrique as a slave at Malacca, most probably at the early stages of the siege by the Portuguese in 1511. His Christian name, Henrique, may indicate that his capture was on July 13, the feast-day of St Henry, which was several days from the start of the siege of Malacca by the Portuguese under the leadership of Afonso de Albuquerque. Enriques baptism is attested by Magellan himself in his Will, in which he states that Enrique was a Christian. Magellan also explicitly mentions that Enrique was a native of Malacca. Eyewitness documents of Antonio Pigafetta, Ginés de Mafra, the Genoese pilot, Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Juan Sebastián Elcano, and Bartolomé de las Casas, and secondary sources such as João de Barros and Francisco López de Gómara, refer to him as a slave. Magellan expedition Enrique accompanied Magellan back to Europe, and onwards on Magellans search for a westward passage to the East Indies, and he served as an interpreter for the Spaniards. Ginés de Mafra explicitly states in his first hand account that Enrique was taken on the expedition primarily because of his ability to speak the Malay language: He [Magellan] told his men that they were now in the land he had desired, and sent a man named Herédia, who was the ships clerk, ashore with an Indian they had taken, so they said, because he was known to speak Malay, the language spoken in the Malay Archipelago. The island in the Philippines where Enrique spoke and was understood by the natives was Mazaua, which Mafra locates somewhere near Mindanao. The Genoese pilot of the Magellan expedition, states — wrongly — in his eye-witness account that the Spaniards had no interpreter when they arrived back to Cebu, because Enrique had died on Mactan along with Magellan during the Battle of Mactan in 1521. However, Enrique was very much alive on May 1, 1521, and attended a feast given by Rajah Humabon to the Spaniards. Antonio Pigafetta writes that the survivor João Serrão, who was pleading with the crew from the shore to save him from the Cebuano tribesmen, said that all those who went to the banquet were slain, except for Enrique.[2] A discourse by Giovanni Battista Ramusio claims that Enrique warned the Chief of Subuth that the Spaniards were plotting to capture the king and that this led to the murder of Serrão and others at the banquet.[3] Enrique accompanied Magellan on all his voyages, including the voyage that circumnavigated the world between 1519 and 1521. On 1 May he was left in Cebu, and there is nothing more said of Enrique in any document. Historians and others have often speculated that Enrique was the first to circumnavigate the world. The official and generally accepted view is that Elcano and his sailors were the first, but there is still much debate on the matter. Malaca is only documented to have traveled with Magellan from Malacca to Cebu, 2500 km and 20 degrees of longitude short of completing the circumnavigation. It is not known if he ever had a chance to complete it. See also Lapu-Lapu List of slaves Publications # Bergreen, Laurence, Over The Edge of The World: Magellan’s Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe (New York, 2002) # Blair, Emma Helen and Robertson, James Alexander, The Philippine Islands 1493-1898 (55 vols, Cleveland, 1901-1907); abbreviated BR in citations. # Jesús, Vicente Calibo de, Mazaua, Magellans Lost Harbor (2004) # Fry, Stephen, The Book of General Ignorance (London, 2006) # Genoese Pilot, Navegaçam e vyagem que fez Fernando de Magalhães de Seuilha pera Maluco no anno de 1519 annos In: Collecção de noticias para a historia e geografia das nações ultramarinas, que vivem nos dominios Portuguezes, ou lhes sao visinhas (Lisbon, 1826) pp. 151–176 # Mafra, Ginés de, Libro que trata del descubrimiento y principio del Estrecho que se llama de Magallanes (1543), critical edition by Antonio Blazquez and Delgado Aguilera (Madrid, 1920) pp. 179–212 # Manchester, William, A World Lit Only by Fire: the Medieval Mind and the Renaissance (Boston, 1993) # Maximilian Transylvanus, De Moluccis insulis (1523) in: The First Voyage (Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild, 1969: pp. 103–130 # Morison, Samuel Eliot, The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages 1492-1616 (New York, 1974) # Parr, Charles McKew, So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan (New York, 1953) # Pigafetta, Antonio, Magellan’s Voyage (1524) # 1524a. facsimile edition of Nancy-Libri-Phillipps-Beinecke-Yale codex, vol. II (New Haven, 1969) ~1524b. Primo viaggio intorno al globo terracqueo, ossia ragguaglio della navigazione...fatta dal cavaliere Antonio Pigafetta...ora publicato per la prima volta, tratto da un codice MS. Della biblioteca Ambrosiana di Milano e corredato di note da Carlo Amoretti. Milan 1800. ~ 1524c. Il primo viaggio intorno al globo di Antonio Pigafetta. In: Raccolta di Documenti e Studi Publicati dalla. Commissione Colombiana. Andrea da Mosto (ed. and tr.). Rome 1894. ~ 1524d. Le premier tour du monde de Magellan. Léonce Peillard (ed. and transcription of Ms. fr. 5650). France 1991. ~ 1524e. Magellan’s Voyage, 3 vols. James Alexander Robertson (ed. and tr. of Ambrosian). Cleveland 1906. ~ 1524f. Magellan’s Voyage: A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation. R.A. Skelton (ed. and tr. of Yale ms.). New Haven 1969. ~ 1524g. * of Ms. fr. 5650 and Ambrosian ms.). London 1874. ~ 1523h. The Voyage of Magellan: The Journal of Antonio Pigafetta. Paula Spurlin Paige (tr. of Colínes edition). New Jersey 1969. ~ 1524i. Il Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo Con Il Trattato della Sfera. Facsimile edition of Ambrosian ms. Vicenza 1994. ~ 1524j. The First Voyage Around the World (1519-1522). Theodore J. Cachey Jr. (ed. based on Robertson’s tr.) New York 1995. ~ 1524k. Pigafetta: Relation du premier voyage autour du monde...Edition du texte français d’après les manuscripts de Paris et de Cheltenham. Jean Denucé (text transcribed from Ms. 5650, collating Mss. Ambrosiana, Nancy-Yale and 24224 in notes.) Antwerp 1923. # Quirino, Carlos, The First Man Around the World Was a Filipino In: Philippines Free Press, December 28, 1991. --Pigafetta: The First Italian in the Philippines. In: Italians in the Philippines, Manila: 1980. -- Enrique. In: Whos Who in the Philippines. Manila: Pp. 80–81. # Ramusio, Gian Battista, La Detta navigatione per messer Antonio Pigafetta Vicentino (1550) In: Delle navigationi e viaggi... (Venice) pp. 380–98 # Torodash, Martín, Magellan Historiography In: Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. LI (1970), pp. 313–335 # Zweig, Stefan, Conqueror of the Seas: The Story of Magellan (New York, 1938) References @ Martín Fernández de Navarrete. Page 14. Retrieved 2009-03-22. @ Pigafetta, Antonio (1874), Lord Stanley of Alderley, ed., The First Voyage Round the World by Magellan and other documents, p. 104 @ Pigafetta 1874, p. 201 External links # Yale University - Pigafetta, Journal of Magellans Voyage # Notes on Pigafetta, Mazaua, Ginés de Mafra another seaman of Magellan # First circumnavigator # Spanish PDV Enrique de Malacca {not working} # Malayan words recorded by Antonio Pigafetta # Sugbo Sa Karaang Panahon, Cebu-Online # Radio Sejarah. Melayu: Enrike of Melaka - Was the First Man to Sail Around the World A Malay # Pacific Maritime History Mazaua: Magellans Lost Harbour Beberapa rujukan mengenai Panglima Awang oleh penulis penulis kita: journalarticle.ukm.my/1187/1/SARI27%5B2%5D2009_%5B08%5D.pdf harithsidek.blogspot/2012/08/enrique-of-malaccapanglima-awang.html enriquedemalacca.blogspot/ hulubalangbanijawi.blogspot/2009/07/panglima-awang.html bumimelaka.blogspot/2011/05/siapakah-panglima-awang-di-melaka.html dlan6658.blogspot/2013/01/assalamualaikum-wr-wb.html tulahan.blogspot/2011/09/sejarah-panglima-awang-atau-henry-black.html hijabulcrewz.blogspot/2011/04/bongkar-sejarah-panglima-awang.html revealinguntoldstory.blogspot/p/awang-hitam.html sabrizain.org/malaya/port3.htm tongkatbesi.blogspot/2013/05/panglima-awang-enrique.html wargamarhaen.blogspot/2011/09/sejarah-panglima-awang-atau-henry-black.html azman-sharif.blogspot/2012/05/novel-panglima-awang.html helmiexwostorian.blogspot/2010/02/henry-awang-black-orang-melayu-pertama.html hafez-akuseorangmelayu.blogspot/2011/05/panglima-awang-pahlawan-melayu-manusia.html enriquedemalacca.blogspot/2011/05/enrigue-de-malacca.html chinahistoryforum/topic/6823-enrique-of-melaka/ Beberapa pandangan penulis luar mengenai Panglima Awamg ~ rujuk: todayifoundout/index.php/2013/09/the-first-person-to-circumnavigate-the-world/ somosprimos/sp2008/spsep08/spsep08.htm everything2/title/Enrique+de+Malacca theawl/2012/07/the-slave-who-circumnavigated-the-world misunderstoodmariner.blogspot/2009/07/misunderstood-mariners-enrique-de.html pilipino-express/history-a-culture/in-other-words/758-first-around-world.html istoryadista.blogspot/2012/01/legend-of-henry-black.html Nota: Buku “The First Voyage Round the World, by Magellan (1874)” ditulis oleh Antonio Pigafetta. Sedikit maklumat tentang Antonio Pigafetta dan The Hakluyt Society:-) Antonio Pigafetta ~ Antonio Pigafetta was an Italian scholar and explorer from the Republic of Venice. He traveled with the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his crew by order of the King Charles I of Spain on their voyage to the Indies (refer Wikipedia). Born: 1491, Vicenza, Italy. Died: 1534, Vicenza, Italy. Books: First Voyage Around the World by Magellan 1518-1521. The Hakluyt Society ~ Hakluyt Society for voyages of discovery, history of maritime exploration, history of navigation, historical travel accounts. Founded in 1846, the Hakluyt Society seeks to advance knowledge and education by the publication of scholarly editions of primary records of voyages, travels and other geographical material. The Hakluyt Society is a non-profitmaking registered charity supported by a voluntary and unpaid team of council members, officers and editors. The Hakluyt Society is named after Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616), collector and editor of narratives of voyages and travels and other documents relating to English interests overseas, his most celebrated work being The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation. His name was almost certainly pronounced hakloowt, the family having come from the forest of Clwyd in the historic county of Radnor. Hipoteks sejarah dalam novel Panglima Awang oleh Mawar Shafei, Pusat Pengajian Bahasa, Kesusasteraan dan Kebudayaan Melayu, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia boelh dirujuk @ journalarticle.ukm.my/1515/1/mawar.pdf
Posted on: Mon, 10 Nov 2014 14:58:16 +0000
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