Bangladesh A number of private universities were established in Bangladesh after the Private University Act, 1992 was instituted & Amended Private University Act 2010. All private universities must be approved by University Grants Commission (UGC) before they are given a permit to operate. See External links for: Private Universities Act 1992 Private University Act 2010 The private universities of Bangladesh include: International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT) Sonargaon University (SU) East West University (EWU) North South University (NSU) BRAC University (BRACU) Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) United International University (UIU) Eastern University Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT) University of Science and Technology, Chittagong (USTC) Premier University, Chittagong (PUC) University of Development Alternative(UODA) Metropolitan University, Sylhet (MU) Manarat International University (MIU) Daffodil International University (DIU) Bangladesh Islami University (BIU) Bangladesh University (BU) Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Prime University (PU) Asian University of Bangladesh (AUB) America Bangladesh University (ABU) Stamford University (Bangladesh) (SUB) State University of Bangladesh (SUB) Northern University Bangladesh (NUB) Darul Ihsan University (DIU) Southern University, Bangladesh University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh(ULAB) Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST) International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC) Presidency University (PU) South East University (SEU) Shanto Mariam University of Creative Technology (SMUCT) The University of Asia Pacific (UAP) IBAIS university Brunei Darussalam Private institutions must confer the students with external programmes such as BDTVEC (the largest awarding body in the country), BTEC and Cambridge International Examinations pathways. Accreditation by Brunei Darussalam National Accreditation Council (BDNAC) are very crucial in order to establish a private institution. Laksamana College of Business (Brunei Campus of Kensington College of Business) Cambodia Since 1997, private universities have been established in the Kingdom of Cambodia. Zaman University (ZAMANU) in Phnom Penh China Since 2003, joint-partnership private universities have been established in the Peoples Republic of China(PRC). English is the only language of instruction in all three institutions. University of Nottingham Ningbo, China (UNNC) in Ningbo, Zhejiang United International College (UIC) in Zhuhai, Guangdong Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) in Suzhou, Jiangsu Hong Kong Shue Yan University: acquired university status on 19 December 2006. India In India, privately funded institutions have existed since independence. Many of these universities offer multidisciplinary professional courses similar to state funded universities, however institutions offering single stream specialization programs are also in existence.Mumbai Film Academy is one of the best institutes in India providing total film study courses in Mumbai. As of 12 March 2012, there are 109 private universities in India.[2] The oldest is Sikkim Manipal University of Health Medical & Technological Science, with Gazette Notification date of 11 October 1995.[2] Where the latest one amongst of list of private universities in India is Himalayan University that has got recognition and authorized by University Grants Commission as per section of 2 f of UGC act 1956.[3] Indonesia University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran (UPN Veteran) is a one of Private Universities in Indonesia, located at Surabaya municipality, Province of East Java, established at 5 July 1959 by Indonesian Veterans of Independence War as a living monument for development of education in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah University of Magelang, is one of private university belong to Muhammadiyah organisation. This university is well known as UMMGL standing for Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang. This University was founded on August 31, 1964. Islamic University of Indonesia, is a private university located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It was established in 27 Rajab 1364 (Islamic Calendar) or in 8 July 1945 as STI (Sekolah Tinggi Islam - Islamic Higher School) by political figures of the day including Dr. Muhammad Hatta, Mohammad Natsir, Mohammad Roem, Wachid Hasyim as well as Abdul Kahar Mudzakir. STI developed into a university called Universitas Islam Indonesia on 14 December 1947. Historically, UII is the first national university in Indonesia, and it is also the oldest private universities in the country. Iran University of Iranians Iraq Al Rafidain University College American University of Iraq Al Turath University College Al Mansour University College Al Maarif University College Al Hadbaa University College Al Rasheed University College Al Yarmouk University College Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University Baghdad College of Pharmacy Business & Management University Dijla University College Humanitarian Studies University College Islamic University College Madenat Alelem University College Shat Al Arab University College Sheikh Mohammed Al Kasinzan University College Sheikh Tusi University College Japan As of 2010 Japan had 597 private universities, while there are 86 national universities and 95 public universities.[4] Private universities thus account for about 3/4 of all universities in Japan. Many, but not all, junior colleges in Japan are private. Like public and national universities, many private universities use National Center Test for University Admissions as an entrance exam. Keio University Waseda University Macau City University of Macau Macau University of Science and Technology Malaysia The private universities of Malaysia include: Perdana University + John Hopkins University of Medical Al-Madinah International University Malaysia University of Al-Azhar Malaysia Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST University) New Era University College Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARC) Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Southern University College SEGI University Malaysia University of Science and Technology - MUST Infrastructural University of Kuala Lumpur - IUKL University of Technology Petronas - UTP Al-Bukhary International University Binary University of Management & Entrepreneurship Manipal International University - MIU UNITAR International University University Tenaga National - UNITEN Nilai International University Multi Media University - MMU Cyberjaya Medical University College Limkokwing University of Creative Technology University of Nottingham Malaysia Newcastle University of Medical Malaysia Quest University of Perak Sunway University Monash University of Malaysia Curtin University Sarawak Swirneburne University of Malaysia Heriot Watt University of Malaysia German Malaysia Institute Japan Malaysia Institute British Malaysia Institute French Malaysia Institute Alianze University College of Medical Sciences Royal Medical College Perak - RMCP University of Kuala Lumpur - UniKL Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan University - KLMU Netherland Maritime College Iskandar Management & Science University - MSU City University College of Technology Manipal Medical College Melaka Asia e University Wawasan Open University International Islamic University of Malaysia - IIUM MAHSA University Taylors University International Medical University - IMU KDU University College Bandar Utama College HELP University INTI University College Raffles University Iskandar University Tun Abdul Razak - UNIRazak UCSI Shahputra University College Insaniah University College Selangor International Islamic University College Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation Asean Metropolitan University College Berjaya University College of Hospitality Twintech International University College of Technology Open University Malaysia Linton University College Lincoln University College University College of Sarawak University of Selangor - Unisel TATI University College University of Southampton Malaysia University of Hull Malaysia Lebanon There are 19 private universities in Lebanon.[5] Among these universities, two are internationally acknowledged, namely, the American University of Beirut and the Lebanese American University.[6] The languages of teaching in private universities are mainly French and English, while Arabic is widely used in religious universities and Armenian in the Armenian university. The first university opened in Lebanon was the Syrian Protestant College in 1866 (Became the American University of Beirut in 1921). It was founded by Daniel Bliss, a Protestant missionary. The second university opened in Lebanon was the, Université Saint-Joseph, founded by the Jesuits in 1875. Pakistan Main article: Higher Education Commission of Pakistan The Higher Education Commission (HEC), formerly the University Grant Commission, is the primary regulator of higher education in Pakistan. It also facilitates the development of higher educational system in Pakistan. Its main purpose is to upgrade the to be world-class centres of education, research and development. The HEC is also playing a leading role towards building a knowledge-based economy in Pakistan by giving out hundreds of doctoral scholarships for education abroad every year. In spite of the criticism of HEC, its creation has also had a positive impact on higher education in Pakistan. In their two year report for 2004 to 2006 it is mentioned that according to the Institute of Scientific Information, the total number of publications appearing in the 8,000 leading journals indexed in the web of Science arising out of Pakistan in 2005 was 1,259 articles, representing a 41% increase over the past two years and a 60% increase since the establishment of HEC in 2002. In addition the HEC digital library now provides access to over 20,000 leading research journals, covering about 75% of the worlds peer reviewed scientific journals. Until 1991, there were only two recognized private universities in Pakistan: Aga Khan University established in 1983; and Lahore University of Management Sciences established in 1985. By 1997, however, there were 10 private universities and in 2001-2002, this number had doubled to 20; among the first to gain degree awarding status was Hajvery University, Lahore(HU), established in 1990. In 2003-2004 Pakistan had a total of 83 private degree granting institutions. The HEC website also points to a 40% increase in enrollment in universities in Pakistan over the last two years, which it attributes to efforts on its part to encourage higher education in the country. See External links for : Higher Education Commission Philippines See also: Higher education in the Philippines Private colleges and universities may either be sectarian or non-sectarian entities. Institutions may either be not-for-profit or profit-oriented. Most private schools are not-for-profit Catholic like Adamson University (Vincentian), Ateneo de Manila University (Jesuit), Colegio de San Juan de Letran (Dominican), De La Salle University (Christian Brothers), Don Bosco Technical College (Salesian), Saint Louis University, Baguio City (CICM), San Beda College (Benedictine), University of San Carlos (SVD), and the University of Santo Tomas (Dominican). However, there are also non-Catholic not-for-profit sectarian institutions such as Silliman University (Presbyterian), Trinity University of Asia (Anglican), Philippine Christian University (Methodist), Adventist University of the Philippines (Seventh-day Adventists), and New Era University (Iglesia ni Cristo). Non-sectarian private schools, on the other hand, are corporations licensed by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Manuel Luis Quezon University, Centro Escolar University, Far Eastern University, and STI College are registered on the Philippine Stock Exchange. Singapore SIM University (UniSIM) is the first and only full-fledged private university in Singapore. It is established in 2005 with the approval of Singapores Ministry of Education (MOE) to award recognised Singapore degrees. Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents studying for their first degree in UniSIM are eligible for up to 55% fee subsidy from the Singapore Government. There are four degree-awarding schools in UniSIM, i.e. the School of Arts & Social Sciences, the School of Business, the School of Human Development & Social Services, and the School of Science & Technology. As of early 2012, the student enrollment stood at approximately 12,000. South Korea Busan University of Foreign Studies Korea University Yonsei University Chung-Ang University Kyungsung University Dong-A University Sungkyunkwan University Sogang University Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Kyung Hee University Hanyang University Kookmin University Hongik University Dongseo University Sri Lanka In Sri Lanka there are no private universities, however there are several independent institutions that are non-government funded. These mostly provide undergraduate degrees with a limited few proving postgraduate degrees. The Informatics Institute of Sri Lanka (IIT) [3] and Sri Lanka Institute for Information Technology (SLIIT) [4] are examples. A reasonable number of foreign Universities franchise some parts of their degree courses in Sri Lanka with local institutes. Students are charged for the study (some of these Universities are state funded institutions of their home countries) and these charges are often a fraction of the cost studying in the home countries of these institutions. Efforts to establish Private Universities have been blocked due to protests from state universities undergraduates and leftist political parties. Taiwan In Taiwan (ROC), unlike the United States, private universities are typically not as prestigious as some public (national) universities. They arent as highly ranked as public institutions, and also cost nearly twice as much. This is due to the form of testing in schools in Taiwan, in which students take a national entrance exam to determine their university qualifications. The famous private university is Fu Jen Catholic University, and the earliest is Tunghai University. 2010 ARWU Rankings 2010 QS World Rankings 2010 QS Asian Rankings 2010 eduniversal Rankings 2009 QS Asian Rankings: Int’l faculty review [7] 2009 QS Asian Rankings: Int’l student review [8] 2000 Singapore “Asiaweek” Rankings[9] University Local Median ranks none 551-600 113= 3rd class 010 300 70 Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei 01 406 none 089= none 236 209 none Chang Gung University Taoyuan 02 none none 151= none 138 195 none Feng Chia University Taichung 03 none none none none 036 144 none Ming Chuan University Taipei 04 none none none none 038 320 none Tunghai University Taichung 05 none none none none 083 317 none Soochow University (Taiwan) Taipei 06 none none none none 110 268 none Tamkang University New Taipei 07 none none none none 178 311 none Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan 08 none none none none 324= 243 none Yuan Ze University Taoyuan 09 none none none none 324= 354 none Tatung University Taipei 10 Vietnam Since the 1990s a lot of private universities have opened in Vietnam. Hochiminh City Open University was one of the first universities in this category in the higher education system in Vietnam. Typical characteristics of Vietnamese private universities as of 2010 are higher (very high in some cases) tuition fees, poor infrastructure, and limited faculty and human resources. The private universities are often named after scholars (Vo Truong Toan University, Nguyen Trai University, Luong The Vinh University, Chu Van A University, Yersin University, Phan Chau Trinh University, etc.), or heroes/legends (Hung Vuong University, Quang Trung University, etc.), although there are exceptions, such as FPT University named after the FPT Group and Tan Tao University in Tan Tao Group. In Vietnam, there exists the Semi-private university; universities in this category can partly receive financial support from the government. Almost private universities have to invite professors and lecturers from the state universities. Many retired lecturers from state-owned universities take up positions in private universities after their retirement. Europe Austria In Austria, educational institutions must be authorised by the country to legally grant academic degrees. All state-run universities are governed by the 2002 Austrian Universities and University Degree Programmes Organisation Act (Federal Law Gazette No. 120/2002). In 1999, a federal law (Universitäts-Akkreditierungsgesetz) was passed to allow the accreditation of private universities. The Akkreditierungsrat (Accreditation Council)[note 1] evaluates applicants and issues recommendations to the responsible Austrian accreditation authority (the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science & Research). Accreditation by the council yields a couple of privileges: degrees issued by accredited private universities have the same legal status as those issued by state-run universities. Private universities can appoint or promote professors. Their students enjoy the same privileges pertaining to social security, foreigner law and state scholarships as students of the state universities. Educational services of private universities are not subject to value added tax, and donations are tax deductible. Accreditations must be renewed regularly and can be withdrawn, e.g. in the case of repeated academic misconduct as happened in 2003 when the accreditation of International University Vienna, was withdrawn. In 2006, when the accreditation of IMADEC University expired, the Accreditation Council rejected requests for renewal. Austrian law provides that private universities in Austria must use the term Privatuniversität (literally, private university) in their German names, although their formal names in other languages, e.g. in English, are not regulated. Thus, there is the possibility of private institutions employing the term university as opposed to private university in their advertisements in all languages except German while still complying with Austrian law. While the legal definition of private university prohibits funding by the federal government of Austria, funding by other public bodies is not prohibited. Consequently, some of Austrias private universities are funded or partly funded by provincial governments, while others are fully privately funded. Accreditation of private universities started in 2001. As of 2010 Austria has 12 private universities. Most of them are small (fewer than 1000 students) and specialise in only one or two fields of study: Anton Bruckner Private University for Music, Drama, and Dance in Linz Catholic-Theological Private University Linz Danube Private University in Krems an der Donau European Peace University in Stadtschlaining Konservatorium Wien in Vienna MODUL University Vienna (2007) New Design University in St. Pölten Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität in Salzburg Privatuniversität Schloss Seeburgin Seekirchen (near Salzburg) University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology in Hall in Tirol Sigmund Freud University Vienna Webster University Vienna (also accredited in the USA) Four former private universities are not accredited any more: International University Vienna: Accreditation was withdrawn in 2003 due to academic misconduct. IMADEC University: First accreditation period ended in January 2006 and was not renewed. TCM Privatuniversität Li Shi Zhen in Vienna: Accreditation period ended 2009; TCM did not call for renewal. All students could finish their studies. PEF Private University of Management Vienna: The university closed for economic reasons in March 2012. All students could finish their studies. Bulgaria Bulgaria has a number of private universities among which most renown are New Bulgarian University, located in capital city Sofia, and Burgas Free University, Varna Free University and American University in Bulgaria. France France has a dual system with Universities and Grandes Ecoles. Universities are usually public such as Université Paris La Sorbonne and Université Paris-Dauphine but some are privates such as the Lille Catholic University. They provide courses in all academic fields (engineering, law, medical, economics, arts, business administration, sociology...). You can join University after High school degree and study there for a Bachelor, Master or Doctoral Program (3, 5, 8 years). Grandes Ecoles can be public or private. They operate mainly in engineering studies and business administration. Universities and Grandes Ecoles compete in these two fields. For engineering Grandes Ecoles, some of them report to the Ministry of Defense such as Ecole Polytechnique or to the Ministry of Higher Education such as Ecole Centrale Paris and Ecole Centrale Lyon and are public. The most prestigious ones are public. However, several private Grandes Ecoles are members of the Conférence des Grandes Écoles such as ICAM or ISEN. You join a Grande Ecole after two additional specific years in high school (called Classes préparatoires), following the high school degree. A selective examination after the two additional years is taken to enter one Grande Ecole. Within European Union standardisation, this full 5 year cursus, (two year preparatory classes plus 3 years in engineering or business school) is equivalent to a Master degree for international exchange programs. Grandes Ecoles for studying business administration are usually part of the Chamber of commerce. HEC and ESCP Europe are part of the Chamber of Commerce of Paris CCIP, and are therefore semi-private. Germany Germany has 83 private universities (called Privathochschule) and 45 church-run universities (called kirchliche Hochschule). Similar to the state-run universities, they are subdivided into Universitäten, Fachhochschulen (universities of applied science) and Kunst- und Musikhochschulen (art schools). Private universities in Germany need institutional accreditation by the state. The first private university in Germany, The Ukrainian Free University was established 16 September 1950 in Munich. More recently Witten/Herdecke University opened in 1982. Though private universities are numerous in Germany, they represent only less than 1% of all students. Some private universities, including Hanseatic University Rostock (2007–2009) and the International University in Germany in Bruchsal have gone out of business. Most of the church universities are run by the Protestant or Catholic churches, however there is one Jewish university (Hochschule für Jüdische Studien) in Heidelberg. Greece In Greece private universities are prohibited by the constitution (Article 16). However, laboratories of liberal studies (Εργαστήρια ελευθέρων σπουδών, ergastiria eleftheron spoudon) operate freely in the country and based on a law from the 1930s they are registered as private for-profit businesses and regulated by the Greek Ministry of Commerce. Their academic degrees, which are not recognised in Greece, are directly provided to successful students by foreign universities in the United Kingdom, United States of America, or other countries, usually through franchise or validation agreements (the franchise agreement usually being considered better). This has limited access to the laboratories, which usually teach in English, to high-income Greeks who for various reasons (usually family matters) did not want to go abroad. In 2008 the Nea Demokratia-led government of Greece voted a law that will force all laboratories of liberal studies to register with the Greek Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs as colleges (κολλέγια, kollegia) by August 2009. Hungary Central European University in Budapest, a founding member of the European University Association (EUA)[10] Ireland In the Republic of Ireland, a private university (more commonly known as a private college) is one that is not funded by the state, and therefore not covered by the free-fees initiative. All universities, Institutes of Technology, Colleges of Education, as well as the National College of Ireland and some religious institutions are publicly funded and therefore covered by free-fees initiative. There are few private colleges, and they are highly specialised, such as Griffith College Dublin, Dorset College and Dublin Business School. The major representative body for private colleges in Ireland is the Higher Education Colleges Association. Private colleges in Ireland can seek to have their programmes validated/accredited by the Higher Education and Training Awards Council. See external links for: free-fees initiative and Higher Education Colleges Association Netherlands Nyenrode is the only private university in the Netherlands at the graduate level. The university was founded in 1946. It serves as a graduate school for business and management. Both programs are taught in English.[citation needed] Recently, Nyenrode merged with the Institute for CPA Education and both institutions share their facilities. The Nyenrode Business University also contains a campus and active student body. Other Dutch private universities are universities of applied science (HBOs) where one can obtain a bachelors. These include Business School Notenboom (founded in 1958)[11] and IVA Driebergen for the automotive industry with its earliest beginnings in 1930.[12] Portugal Main article: Higher education in Portugal The oldest non-state-run university, the Universidade Católica Portuguesa - UCP (Catholic University of Portugal), a catholic private university (concordatory status) with branches in the cities of Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Viseu, and Caldas da Rainha, was founded before the others, in 1967, and officially recognized in 1971. UCP offers some well-recognized degrees and is reputed for economics, law and business management degrees it awards at its Lisbon branch. Other degrees awarded by UCP, like biotechnology and dental medicine, amassed increasing success and popularity since the 2000s. After the Carnation Revolution of 1974, in the 1980s and 1990s, a boom of educational private institutions was experienced in Portugal and many private universities started to open. Most private universities had a poor reputation and were known for making it easy for students to enter and also to get high grades. In 2007, several of those private universities or their heirs, were investigated and faced compulsory closing (for example, the infamous Independente University and Internacional University closings, and the Moderna University scandal) or official criticism with recommendations that the state-managed investigation proposed for improving their quality and avoid termination. In the mid-2000s, within the Bologna process, a reorganization of higher education was started which included more stringent regulations for private education and expanded state policies with regard to private education quality assurance and educational accreditation. In general, the private higher education institutions were often considered the schools of last resort for underachieving applicants who didnt score enough points in the admission examinations to enter the main public institutions. Nearly open-admission policies have hurt private universities reputation and the actual quality of their alumni. Without large endowments like those received, for example, by many US private universities and colleges which are attractive to the best scholars, researchers and students, the private higher education institutions of Portugal, with a few exceptions, do not have neither the financial support nor the academic profile to reach the highest teaching and research standards of the top Portuguese public universities. In addition, most private universities have faced a restrictive lack of collaboration with the major enterprises which, however, have developed fruitful relationships with many public higher education institutions. Most Portuguese private universities specialise in a limited number of fields, most often in the social sciences and humanities. Switzerland Further to the public Universities in Switzerland, the country is well known for its high-quality private education system. It starts with Swiss boarding schools which have achieved fame. World-class universities such as the IMD belong to the category of institutions with top rankings.[13] Leman University Geneva, founded in Geneva Switzerland, is the only Private University in Switzerland offering programs in Law (Bachelor, Masters and Ph.D.). For a more complete listing, please consult the List of universities in Switzerland. EDUNIVERSAL Official Selection[14] has four private Business Schools in its rankings: the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) the Peter Lorange Institute of Business (former GSBA) EDUCATIS University International University in Geneva (IUG) Turkey Bilkent University (1984), Turkeys first private university. In Turkey there are 66 private universities present day. In Turkey, according to the laws of private universities, on the recommendation of the Higher Education Council is established by law. The establishment of such universities, established a new university building or in the form of a higher education institution will be the name of the university. Foundations for the establishment of the university, the university faculty, the formation of at least two of the bodies of the faculties of arts and science education programs related to the fields to be present, the university of arts and science programs to be among the first to be launched training programs and eligible to attend the universitys commitment to the education of students in these programs start year necessary. The well known private universities in Turkey are: Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul Beykent University, Istanbul Fatih University, Istanbul Sabancı University, Istanbul Yeditepe University, Istanbul Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul Başkent University, Ankara Bilkent University, Ankara Çankaya University, Ankara TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Ankara İzmir University of Economics, İzmir Yaşar University, İzmir Şifa University, İzmir İzmir University, İzmir United Kingdom See also: Universities in the United Kingdom There are three fully-fledged private universities in the United Kingdom; The University of Buckingham, BPP University and the University of Law.[15][16] Other private degree awarding bodies in the UK include: Ashridge Business School, ifs School of Finance and Regents College, all of which are privately funded charitable bodies. In addition the private Richmond University has its degrees validated by the public Open University. All other British universities are partly publicly funded and regulated: the government regulates their tuition fees, student funding and student loans and commissions and regulates research assessments and teaching reviews. However, unlike in Continental European countries, the British government does not own universities assets, and university staff are not civil servants: government regulation arises as a condition of accepting funding from bodies such as HEFCE and any university can in principle choose to leave the HEFCE regulated system at any time.[17] Since September 2012 government funding for teaching and background funding for research has been substantially reduced, with one study indicating that annual Government funding for teaching and research will make up just 15% of universities’ income by 2015.[18] In the UK, an institution can only use the title University or University College if it has been granted by the Privy Council, under the terms of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.[19] Prior to 1992, these titles were conferred by Royal Charter. Americas Canada Main article: List of private universities in Canada Dominica Ross University All Saints Medical University Guatemala In Guatemala, the only Public university is Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. The rest of the degree offering institutions in the country are Private. See the List of universities in Guatemala for a list of the Private Universities in the country. United States In the U.S., many universities and colleges are private, operated as educational and research nonprofit organizations. About 20 percent of American college students attend private colleges.[20] A majority of the most prestigious universities in the U.S. are private universities. Examples include Wake Forest University, Duke University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University, Harvard University, Yale University, Vanderbilt University, Princeton University, Columbia University, the University of Chicago, the University of Pennsylvania, and Washington University in St. Louis. While most liberal arts colleges are likewise private, there are also some public liberal arts colleges. Some private universities are closely affiliated with religious organizations (for example, the University of Notre Dame, Southern Methodist University and Duke University) and some are directly operated by religious organizations (such as Brigham Young University). Legally, private universities may not discriminate, but generally have a somewhat free hand in setting admissions policies. Universities base their selections on many secondary factors other than academic performance.[21] Since the post WW2-era, following in the mold of James Bryant Conant at Harvard, most private universities have made enormous strides in becoming meritocratic. The U.S. system of education has also been transplanted to other countries. Private universities such as the American University in Cairo and the American University of Afghanistan typically offer a liberal arts curriculum to their students. Tuition fees at private universities tend to be higher than at public universities though many private universities offer financial aid as well.[22] For example, at Princeton University sixty percent of the Class of 2013 received financial aid with an average grant amount of $36,000. The average grant now exceeds Princeton’s $35,340 annual tuition.[23] Oceania Australia Bond University, Australias first private university, dates from 1987.[24] It runs three semesters per year (correlating exactly with the Northern and Southern Hemispheres schedules), which allows a student to complete a six semester degree in two years and an eight semester degree (e.g. Law) in under three years.[25] Since Bond Universitys foundation, the University of Notre Dame Australia opened as a private university, in 1989. Melbourne University, a public university, owned a private university called Melbourne University Private from 1998 to 2005. The private university was not successful, losing A$20,000,000 over its lifetime. Torrens University Australia, part of the Laureate International Universities network, opened as Australias third private university in 2012. In addition, Carnegie Mellon University operates a private branch campus in Australia called Heinz College Australia. Middle East and Gulf Countries Saudi Arabia There are nine private universities in Saudi Arabia:Fahd bin Sultan University,[26] King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Effat University, Prince Sultan University, Arab Open University, Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University, Alfaisal University, Al Yamamah University and Dar Al Uloom University.[27] Kuwait There are four private universities and five colleges in Kuwait : American University of Kuwait (AUK), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), American University of the Middle East (AUM), Arab Open University (AOU) - Kuwait, Australian College of Kuwait (ACK), American College of the Middle East (ACM), Box Hill College Kuwait - Higher Education for Women, College of Aviation Technology and Kuwait-Maastricht Business School.
Posted on: Thu, 21 Nov 2013 20:38:45 +0000
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