Blood pressure: The giraffe has the highest blood pressure of - TopicsExpress

Blood pressure: The giraffe has the highest blood pressure of any animal. The giraffe has an extremely high blood pressure (280/180 mm Hg) which is twice that found in humans. Additionally, the heart beats up to 170 times per minute double that of humans. Giraffes have a small, powerful, supercharged heart that is different to that possessed by other similar mammals. Giraffes have this huge problem of having a head that is 2m away from the heart so pumping blood around the body and up to the neck can seem quite a task - Not for giraffes though. Most mammals have a relatively low blood pressure because their blood needs only move a short distance between head and heart. For the giraffe the distance is significant. That creates two problems: a giraffes heart must cope with the hydrostatic pressure exerted on it by the amount of blood in such a tall neck. For blood to reach the head, the heart must then beat strongly enough to overcome this significant downward pressure caused by gravity. Previous studies have found the giraffe has an extremely high blood pressure that is twice that found in other animals. Strangely the giraffe copes well. One would think that even when they are under immense stress such as predatory attack that they would keel over and die of a massive heart attack. Not here though. The giraffes internal blood system and heart is like one massive free road. For a long time it was thought that the origin of the high blood pressure was a really big heart and that was based on a single measurement. The heart is actually quite small. Its smaller than youd expect in similar-sized animals, but the walls are incredibly thick. Giraffes are adapted to the high blood pressure and do not suffer as a consequence. A giraffes heart has evolved to have thick muscle walls and a small radius, giving it great power. The walls of the blood vessels also thicken with age as the giraffes neck grows longer, to avoid rupturing under increasing pressure. Odd but true - The giraffe is the only animal in the world to have the largest BP than any other living animal - including that of the Blue whale the worlds largest animal.

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