Definition of Management: 1) Management is the process of designing an d maintaining an environment in which individuals comes together to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively. Simply we can say that to create such kind of environment in which different kind of people comes together for some purpose mean to achieve the organizational goals effectively and efficiently. Effectiveness: It means to achieve your end target. The goals that your are selected and you achieve it that’s call Effectiveness. Efficiency: It means to achieve your goal with minimum resources and within minimum time period. 2) Management is the process of working with different resources to achieve organizational goals. Organization: A systematic arrangement of people who comes together to accomplish some specific task. Manager: An individual in the organization who direct the activities of other. Functions of management: we have five functions of management. 1) Planning. 2) Organizing. 3) Staffing. 4) Leading. 5) Controlling. 1) Planning: Planning is specifying the goals to achieve and deciding in advance the appropriate action taken to achieve the goals. Planning activities include analyzing the current situation and preparing yourself for future date. Simply we can say that , planning activities involve selecting missions and objectives and the steps which are necessary to achieve your goals. 2) Organizing: Organizing mean assembling and controlling the activity in the organization. It means that collecting different resources which are needed to achieve the organizational goals. These resources may be Human resource, financial resource, Information’s, technological resource etc . When you collect all these resources than you keep a proper check on these resources that either these are using in a proper way or not. 3) Staffing: This function of management involve filling the vacant position in the organization. It involve recruitment, selection, training and development, performance appraisal , compensation and benefit. It means that the manager have the quality to find out best people for their organization. The staffing function basically related wit h HRM. That how you find out a suitable employee for their organization. 4) Leading: It involves close day to day contact with people , to guide and inspire them towards their goals. simply we can say that to create a road map for them by which they can easily achieve goals. That’s why an effective manager also need to be effective leader. A good manager should have the quality that he lead their employee in such a way to motive them to achieve their desired goals. 5) Controlling: Controlling function of management involve , controlling different activities , monitor progress and implement necessary change when needed. This function of management make sure that the goals are achieved or not. The resources are properly used or not. Management is a Science or Art: Management as practice is an Art. Because when we are managing an organization. We follow different techniques and methods for this purpose. And when we use these techniques and methods practically. That’s call management is an Art. For example if a manager want to motivate an employee. Now he will motivate his employee by his knowledge, skill and techniques that he learned that’s why management is an Art. But at the same time we can say that management is a Science. Because when we are managing the organization, we follow certain rules regulation, methods and techniques and on the basis of that methods and techniques we make decision in the light of accurate knowledge. For example a manager wants to motivate his employee. Here the manager will look to different things. That how the employee will be motivated. Here he apply different methods like the employee will be motivated by money or the employee want some participation in decision making. These are the methods Simply we can say that the practical implementation of management is Art. While the knowledge that we gain is call Science. It shows that Science and Art are complementary for management. (Like car and oil). With out one management is nothing. The role of Management theory: Management theories play a vital role in the field of management. These theories provide a clear picture to the manager that how they can easily handle different activities in the organization. For example we have a theory called motivation theory. In this theory we have two things. 1) Motivation by carrot. 2) Motivation by stick. This theory is for those employees whose performance is not up to the mark in the organization. Now the manager duty is to motivate their employees .He can use this theory here to solve this problem. This theory shows that if the employee performance is low. First we motivate him by carrot . Carrot means through positive way. Give him some incentives, rewards, b onuses, recognition and statues. These are the things through which we can motivate our employees. But on other hand if the employee performance is still weak. Than the manager will use alternative way motivate by stick. Its means that if the problem is still there. And that employee did not improve himself. Here he will give some warning to that employee to improve himself. Either the manager will stop his increment or stop his promotion. This theory show us that how we improve the performance of our employees. That’s why we can say that management theories play a huge role in management. Managerial skills: A manager needs four basic types of skills. 1) Technical skills. 2) Interpersonal skills. 3) Conceptual skills. 4) Design skills. Now we explain these one by one 1) Technical skills: It means that the manager should have the ability to handle all kind of technical problems in the organization. He should be a technically sound person. For a manager technical skills are very important. For example we have a production company. In this we use different kind of technology. So the manager should have the ability to know that how it will be use. And if any problem occurs he can easily handle it. 2) Interpersonal skills / Human skills: It is the ability to work with different people within the organization as well as out side the organization. Means you should have the ability to interact with different people and solve different types of problems which occur in the organization. So we can say that a manager needs good interpersonal skills in the organization, knowledge about human behavior and he has the ability to understand the feelings, attitude and motives of other. 3) Conceptual skills: Conceptual skills include analytical ability, logical thinking, and concept formation. It means that a manager should have the ability to solve complex problems .He always thinks logically. Especially when he is going to make important decision. 4) Design skills: It means that the manager should have the ability to solve their problems. If any problem occurs in the organization so the manager solve that problem. It means that he will not be a problem watcher. He should have the ability to take some practical steps and solve that problem. The system approach to operational management: We explain the system approach to operational management with the help of a diagram. INPUT _ OUT PUT MODEL It is the task of manager to transform the Inputs in an effective and efficient way in Output. But when he start this process. He will look to different things that are shown in above diagram. 1) INPUTS: These Inputs include Human Resource, Capital, Managerial skill, Technological knowledge and other kind of information which are necessary to get out put. When we put these inputs into process that’s call transformation process. 2) Transformation process: when a manager collect different Inputs means resources. Than he put it into some process, which is called transformation process. Every individual or department has assign their own task. When these entire departments work collectively it give us some Out put. 3) OUT PUT: When we put our Input into process. It gives us out put. These output may be some products, it is a manufacturing company. These out put may be in form of services, if these are service providing organization. For example, Hospital, Different types of consultancies, Hotels. These output may be in form of profit if these are profit oriented organization . these out put may be in form of satisfaction , like different type of NGO’S work for the welfare of humanity. 4) External Environment: External environment include those factor which are out side the organization and effect the organization. The manager has no close control over these factors. Because these factors are out side the organization. These factors include your competitors, customers, economy of the country, political and legal aspects, technology, moral issues etc .So the manager duty is to keep close check on these resources. Because these factors effect the organization. So the manager should be aware about these things. 5) Reenergizing the system: here in the INPUT _ OUTPUT Model there are some out puts which again become inputs. Like the satisfaction of employee or new skill become inputs. Some time the surplus capital also becomes input again. When the organization earns extra profit, some time the owner want to reinvest that surplus amount to expand their business. So the manager job is to look all these things and properly utilize it .
Posted on: Sun, 25 Jan 2015 06:52:21 +0000
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