Definitions of Important Banking Terms(part- I) ---------------------------------------------------------------- ATM : An Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is a computerized telecommunications device that provides the clients with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a cashier, human clerk or bank teller. Balance of trade: the part of a nations balance of payments (difference between foreign entities with domestic entities) that deals with merchandise (or visible) imports or exports. Bancassurance : Selling of insurance products through banks. It also refers as cross selling of insurance products. Bank Rate : This is the rate at which the central bank (RBI) lends money to other banks or financial institutions. If the bank rate goes up, long-term interest rates also tend to move up. and vice versa. Bounced Cheque : When the bank has not enough funds in the relevant account or the account holder requests that the cheque is bounced (under exceptional circumstances) then the bank will return the cheque to the account holder. Camels : It is a supervisory rating system . It refers to Capital adequacy, Assets, Management Capability, Earnings appraisal, Liquidity (also called asset liability management) and Sensitivity (sensitivity to market risk, especially interest rate risk). Cash Reserve Rate : Specifies the percentage of their total deposits the commercial; bank must keep with central bank or RBI. Higher the CRR lower will be the capacity of bank to create credit. CGT (Capital gain tax): It is a direct tax that will be levied on sales and purchases of capital assets such as Shares, stakes, even costlier items which won’t have depreciation such as monuments, paintings. Cheque Book : A small, bound booklet of cheques. A cheque is a piece of paper produced by your bank with your account number, sort-code and cheque number printed on it. The account number distinguishes your account from other accounts, the sort-code is your bank’s special code which distinguishes it from any other bank. Cheque Clearing : This is the process of getting the money from the cheque-writer’s account into the cheque receiver’s account. CIBIL : CIBIL refers to Credit Information Bureau India Limited was first established by SBI and HDFC. It deals with both commercial and consumer segments. It maintains the record of the borrowers by its members. Clearing Bank : This is a bank that can clear funds between banks. For general purposes, this is any institution which we know of as a bank or as a provider of banking services. Commercial Paper : Commercial Paper is an instrument in the form of a promissory note by the corporate borrowers for their short-term borrowings. Core Banking Solution : The branches of a bank are connected to a central host, where online multiple delivery channels like ATM, ABB, Debit Card, Mobile Banking etc under one roof. Credit Card : A credit card is one of the systems of payments named after the Small Plastic card issued to users of the system. It is a card entitling its holder to buy goods and services based on the holder’s promise to pay for these goods and services. Credit Rating : This is the rating which an individual (or company) gets from the credit industry. This is obtained by the individual’s credit history, the details of which are available from specialist organizations like CRISIL in India. Credit-Worthiness : This is the judgement of an organization which is assessing whether or not to take a particular individual on as a customer. An individual might be considered credit worthy by one organization but not by another. Much depends on whether an organization is involved with high risk customers or not. Crop Loans : Bank provide crop loans to the farmers for their seasonal operations (Kharif, Rabi) of agriculture like to purchase seeds, fertilizers. Cross Selling : Cross selling refers to selling of multiple products to the existing customers such as insurance, mutual funds etc ( to the banking customers). Current Accounts : These accounts are maintained by the corporate clients that may be operated any number of times in a day. There is a maintenance charge for the current accounts for which the holders enjoy facilities of easy handling, overdraft facility etc. Debit Card : Debit card allows for direct withdrawal of funds from customers’ bank accounts. The spending limit is determined by the available balance in the account. Deflation: Deflation is the continuous decrease in prices of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate becomes negative (below zero) and stays there for a longer period. In Inflation we have two types demand pull (due to increase in demand), and cost push(due to increase in prices) Demand Deposit : A demand deposit is the one which can be withdrawn at any time, without any notice or penalty; e.g. money deposited in a checking account or savings account in a bank. DTC (Direct tax code): This is a provision that can replace age old Income tax act 1961.Since this act have loop holes (such as IT dept. Will have no jurisdiction over the fraud happened outside India even Indian company purchased or shares of Indian company sold), so by this code Govt. Will have power to curtail the menace of tax avoidance, and AAR (Authority for advanced ruling is a body by govt. Can act independently over these issues and grant permission for MNC’s that their ‘transfer of shares’,’ absorption/amalgamation’ is legitimate or not. EMI (Emulated Monthly Instalment) : An equal amount repaid with the principal and interest amount of a loan on every month. Endorsement : When the maker of the holder of the negotiable instruments sign on the back of the cheque to “Pay certain person”. It means transfer from one person to another person. Equity: Equity is a one financial instrument by which company invite the public to invest their money in the company and investor can become a partner of the company. Generally, when the company have insufficient money to expand its business it comes with equity shares. Angel investors are the persons who will give financial help to a novice company to develop leaps and bounds. Excise Tax: Tax imposed on specific goods and services, such as cigarettes and gasoline. Customs duty is levied on inter market boundaries, ‘cess’ is defined as tax on tax. FCNR Accounts : Foreign Currency Non-Resident Accounts are the ones that are maintained by the NRIs in foreign currencies like USD, DM and GBP etc. The account is a term deposit with interest rates linked to the international rates of interest of the respective currencies. Financial inclusion: The purpose of this plan is ‘the fruits of development should be distributed among the masses and the deprived classes of the society’, so different actions were taken up, such as BSBDA accounts (Basic savings bank deposit accounts, general purpose accounts to provide for every citizen of country by 01-01-2016 as part of financial literacy, and no frill accounts (no restriction loans will be given) to bail out economically backward sections and alleviate them from poverty. Fiscal consolidation: It is the process at which the govt. Undertake austerity measures to put restrictions on its economy such as de licensing of industries, disinvestment from stack etc. Our India is following under RBI, a perfect measure by FRBM act (fiscal responsibility and budgetary management act) 2003. Fiscal policy: Fiscal policy defines the use of government spending and revenue collection to influence the economy. Fixed Deposits : FDs are the deposits that are repayable on fixed maturity date along with the principal and agreed interest rate for the period. Banks pay higher interest rates on FDs than the savings bank accounts. Floating Rate of Interest : It refers to the movement i.e., interest rate on a period basis due to outside conditions of the market. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Investment of foreign assets directly into a domestic companys structures, equipment, and organizations. It does not include foreign investment into the stock markets GAAR (General anti avoidance rules): These are the provisions by which govt. Can restrict tax avoidance (some MNC’s deliberately avoid tax by doing transactions in tax heavens such as Mauritius, Luxembourg (Where Sahantha biotech fraud happened), Cayman Islands (where Vodafone fraud happened). Govt. India wants to plan these rules from 2016. GDP: GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product. It is a method of measuring the size of economy of a country. We can define as the total market value of all the goods and services produced in a given period of time in a country. GNP: The total value in money of all finished goods and services produced in an economy in one full year, and all net property income from abroad. The GNP growth rate is an important economic indicator for country’s economic development. Inflation: Inflation is as an increase in the price of bunch of Goods and services that projects the Indian economy. An increase in inflation figures occurs when there is more demand and less supply of the goods. Interest : The amount paid or charged on money over time. If you borrow money interest will be charged on the loan. If you invest money, interest will be paid (where appropriate to the investment). Internet Banking : Online banking (or internet banking ) allows customers to conduct financial transactions on a secure website operated by the bank. Banks are using internet as a channel to deliver their service to their customers is referred to internet banking. Kissan Credit Card : Kissan Credit card is issued by the bank to farmers to meet their cultivation needs and inputs, for a period of three years. Letter of Credit : The buyer of goods request his bank to give guarantee that the payment for the goods will be paid to the seller. IN such case the bank issues LC. Loan : A loan is a type of debt. In a loan, the borrower initially receives or borrows an amount of money, called the principal, from the lender, and is obligated to pay back or repay an equal amount of money to the lender at a later time. There are different kinds of loans such as the house loan, auto loan etc. Mergers in Banking : Mergers refers to combination of two or more banking companies into a single one. Further, it shall continue on a single name. Mobile Banking : Operating banking services on his / her mobile screens like checking his bank account balances / fund transfers etc.., is referred mobile banking. Monetary Policy : The RBI issues monetary policy annually to control money supply in the economy and flow of credit by banks to control inflation. CRR, SLR, BANK Rate are the tools of monetary policy (recent monetary policy statement was released on 30th September 2014). Next will be on 2nd December 2014. Monetary policy: It is the process by which the central bank or monetary authority of a country controls (i) the supply of money, (ii) availability of money, and (iii) cost of money or rate of interest. Monetized debt: The govt. Can restore the original situation before economic crisis period by offering subsidies and royalties and different incentives to increase the total quality production of the country in stipulated time, US govt. Did it in 2010-11. Moratorium : When the repayment of a loan starts after certain period of its disbursement, that period is called moratorium. National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) : Transfer of funds involving inter banking at the national level through national clearing cell of the RBI at free press house. It refers to transfer of amount from one bank account to another bank account. NO-Frill Account : An account opened with Zero balance and where the transaction amount is limited to certain limit is called No-Frill Accounts. Generally these are opened for Students. NRE Accounts : Non-Resident External Accounts are the ones in which NRIs remit moneyh in any permitted foreign currency and the remittance is converted to Indian rupees for credit to NRE accounts. The accounts can be in the form of Current, Saving, FDs, recurring deposits. The interest rates and other terms of these accounts are as per the RBI directives. Overdraft : This is when a person has a minus figure in their account. It can be authorized (agreed to in advance or retrospect) or unauthorized (where the bank has not agreed to the overdraft either because the account holder represents too great a risk to lend to in this way or because the account holder has not asked for an overdraft facility).
Posted on: Mon, 05 Jan 2015 14:59:08 +0000
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