GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS Upper GI complaints include chest pains,chronic and recurrent abdominal pains,hiccups,nausea nd vomiting. CHEST PAINS Midline chest pain has many causes including GI and Cardiovascular disorders.Pain from esophageal disease can mimic angina pectoris (bo ke bolwetse jwa pelo). Most of patients undergoing esophaeal for chest pains have gastroesophageal reflux disease(mo le go betsang le re gala ka setswana bangwe ba ete ba re ke heartburn) (GERD).Other esophageal disorders that causes pain include infections(bacterial,viral,or fungal),tumors and mortility disorders. NB: Because symptoms overlap,many patients with esophageal disease undergo cardiac evaluation to exclude cardiac diseases. Chest pains of esophageal and cardiac origin can be very similar.in both pain can be severe and associated with exertion.Episodes last minutes to hours. Heartburn is a substernal burning pain that rises in the chest and may radiate to the neck,throat,or face.it usually occurs after meals or lying down.heartburn can be accompanied by hypersalvation occuring via vagal stimulation when acid irritates the lower esophagus.Typical heartburn suggests gastroesophageal reflux. There is also pain occuring prompty with swallowing(Odynophagia) particularly very hot or cold food or beverages.it occurs with or without dysphagia(painful swallowing) INVESTIGATIONS DONE Chest discomfort should prompt ECG,chest X ray depending on the patient age,symptoms and risk factors.Ambulatory pH monitoring to exclude GERD. TREATMENT If no etiology is discovered,Symptomatic treatment includes Ca blockers for possible esophageal dysmortility e.g Ranitidine 150mg bd 2/52 or proton pump inhibitors for possible GERD. Ke thola ke utlwa batho ba re ga gona bolwetse jo go tweng GALA.ke yne e.le ka botsa ga le batla go thaloganya thata ka yone.
Posted on: Fri, 16 Jan 2015 11:21:30 +0000
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