"Globalization is a contested issue, with three key contending definitions that highlight: the role of economic, cultural, and environmental factors; globalization as Westernization; and globalization and colonialism. The core meaning of security is also hotly contested, with the traditional notion of security as state-centric, focused on external threats and the preoccupation with military affairs, the use of force, aggression, deterrence, and defense giving way to an evolving meaning of security. This newer and broader concept questions the focus on the state and argues for societal security, global security, and human security. It also questions the external focus, noting that internal threats to states are often more significant than external ones and that states themselves are often major threats to people within them. Finally, it questions the focus on military security, arguing for economic security, environmental security, and societal security (culture/identity, health)." (THE GEOPOLITICAL AND GEOSECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBALIZATION edited by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, page 21) "Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities. This definition developed out of the way that globalization should be viewed, in our opinion, in order to accurately and effectively analyze its impact on the international system. It encompasses all of the important components of globalization, most notably not limiting itself to its causes, course, or consequences; rather, it gives weight to each of these elements in the process of analysis." (PILLARS OF GLOBALIZATION by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, et al., page 13) "We have determined that globalization is not an endpoint to be discussed, dealt with, and then discarded; rather, globalization has existed in the folds of human history, and various forms of globalization will impact the world our children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren will live in. Therefore, it is critical to understand how we can shape the world and discussion today in order to look toward a brighter and more stable tomorrow." (PILLARS OF GLOBALIZATION by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, et al., page 15) "Our definition, as presented earlier in this introduction, encompasses all cultural and state-based components of the globalization process in order to analyze it in its entirety, thereby identifying areas where globalization can provide the most benefit and where globalization must be carefully watched in order to control its potential destabilizing influence. Globalization is a progression that helps us to understand, analyze, predict, investigate, synthesize, and classify our world and the events that unfold within it." (PILLARS OF GLOBALIZATION by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, et al., page 16) "In our opinion, and based on our knowledge of globalization as it is understood today, we propose the following definition: “Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities.” In the development of our own definition of globalization, it was vital to utilize a broad perspective in order for it to be brief yet as comprehensive as possible. Globalization is not an endpoint to be discussed and then forgotten. Rather, it is a process, a current that has been impacting communities, cultures, and economies for hundreds of years. It is a result of the transnational and transcultural integrations that have occurred globally throughout human history. It encompasses the causes, the course, and the consequences of these integrations." (PILLARS OF GLOBALIZATION by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, et al., page 36) "Globalization is evolutionary; it is a fluid process that is constantly changing with the development of human society. This becomes more evident when assessing the various attempts at defining this idea. This paper argues that the perspective of the person who defines globalization shapes any definition thereof. One could reflect on the impact of globalization for days without having a clear understanding of what in reality the term means. By analyzing what has been offered in attempts to express the meaning of such a complex idea, it forces the issue to be simplified in one or two sentences. In this task, the core of the discourse must be determined by the author. The definition is a clear indication of what the author’s perspective is on where globalization has come from and, more importantly, what it will mean in geopolitical terms in the future. By only having an abstract concept and nothing concrete, there is no reference point." (PILLARS OF GLOBALIZATION by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, et al., page 38) "In addition, relations between states have been significantly altered by globalization. Today, states can no longer adequately address the challenges to security that they face in isolation from one another. One state’s security now depends on cooperation with other states, rather than an individual state’s strategies for accruing power." (SYMBIOTIC REALISM: A Theory of International Relations in an Instant and an Interdependent World by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, pages 10-11) "One of the principal problems illustrated by the role of transnational corporations is the way in which state-based regulation is being rapidly outpaced by the forces of globalization, and the subsequent need for a supranational governance structure that is capable of making TNCs more transparent and holding them more accountable to states and the public." (SYMBIOTIC REALISM: A Theory of International Relations in an Instant and an Interdependent World by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, page 15) "Symbiotic Realism conceives the dynamics of the global system to be the result of four main interlocking dimensions: the neurobiological substrates of human nature; the global state of nature (global anarchy); interdependence; and instant interconnectivity resulting from globalization." (SYMBIOTIC REALISM: A Theory of International Relations in an Instant and an Interdependent World by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, page 98) "Globalization, in the absence of adequate governance structures, has arguably increased social polarization, human mobility, and identity crises, which means that the basic survival needs of human beings are not being met." (SYMBIOTIC REALISM: A Theory of International Relations in an Instant and an Interdependent World by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, page 100) "We also argue that the interdependence and instant connectivity linked to globalization are central to gaining an understanding of the implications of human nature and global anarchy. Based on our conception of human nature and globalization in a nonhierarchical global system, we propose a more comprehensive vision of the dimensions and dynamics of our interconnected world, which we call Symbiotic Realism." (SYMBIOTIC REALISM: A Theory of International Relations in an Instant and an Interdependent World by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, pages 137-138) GLOBALIZATION DEFINITION “Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities.” (PILLARS OF GLOBALIZATION by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, et al., page 36) GLOBALIZATION DISCUSSED "One of the most disturbing consequences of globalization and one of the most pressing challenges to global peace and security is the spread of poverty and exclusion." (THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN GLOBAL SECURITY by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, page 39) "It seems to me that we may interpret the current era of globalisation as creating enclaves of cultural orientations that involve the unseating of cognitive rationality. This may help to account for the rise of processes of resistance of identity construction around religion or of ideological visions aimed at transformation of the present social order, away from the national project and materialism." ("EMOTIONAL AMORAL EGOISM": A Neurophilosophical Theory of Human Nature and its Universal Security Implications by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, page 163) "Another principle we have elaborated is empowerment. We have argued that, in the context of globalisation, where local communities often feel powerless vis-à-vis global economic forces and cultural homogenisation, it is important for local communities to reclaim control over their lives. This is particularly important in the context of development and capacity-building aimed at eliminating poverty and ill-health. Looking after the group interest of local communities to gain control over their lives and individual interests of securing basic human needs will also meet global interests of reducing transnational security threats resulting from human desperation, diseases, and violent backlashes against symbols of globalisation." (NEO-STATECRAFT AND META-GEOPOLITICS: Reconciliation of Power, Interests and Justice in the 21st Century by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, page 228) "As globalisation is bringing states and different cultures closer and closer together, it is the task of neo-statecraft to ensure that this process is smooth and peaceful, and that humans all over the world can benefit from the new synergies created between different states and cultures." (NEO-STATECRAFT AND META-GEOPOLITICS: Reconciliation of Power, Interests and Justice in the 21st Century by Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, page 351)
Posted on: Thu, 04 Jul 2013 09:23:56 +0000
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