Indian constitution PART-4 Indian Councils Act 1909 Main article: Indian Councils Act 1909 Indian Councils Act 1909commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdomthat brought about a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India. The Act of 1909 was important for the following reasons: *.It effectively allowed the election of Indians to the various legislative councils in India for the first time. Previously some Indians had been appointed to legislative councils. *.The introduction of the electoral principle laid the groundwork for a parliamentary system even though this was contrary to the intent of Morley. *.Muslims had expressed serious concern that a first past the postelectoral system, like that of Britain, would leave them permanently subject to Hindu majority rule. The Act of 1909 stipulated, as demanded by the Muslim leadership. The Act amended the Indian Councils Acts of 1861and 1892. [ 14 ]Its features are: [ 9 ] 1.The maximum number of nominated and elected members of the Legislative Council at the Center was increased from 16 to 60. The number did not include ex-officio members. [ 15 ] 2.The right of separate electorate was given to the Muslims. 3.Official members were to form the majority but in provinces non-official members would be in majority. 4.The members of the Legislative Councils were permitted to discuss the budgets, suggest the amendments and even to vote on them; excluding those items that were included as non-vote items. They were also entitled to ask supplementary questions during the legislative proceedings. 5.The Secretary of State for Indiawas empowered to increase the number of the Executive Councils of Madras and Bombay from two to four. 6.Two Indians were nominated to the Council of the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs Government of India Act 1919 Main article: Government of India Act 1919 After World War I, the British Government opened the door for Indians to public office and employment. The Provisions of the bill are: [ 9 ] *.Relaxation of central treatments for the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects. *.It further divided the provincial subjects into two parts – transferred (That have been administered by governor by the help of ministers who are responsible to legislative council) and reserved (that have been to be administered by the governor and the executive council without being responsible towards the legislative council). *.Introduction of diarchy, Bicameralism, direct elections and establishment of central public service commission in 1926. *.Franchise was granted to some limited people on foundation of property, tax and education. *.Separation of central budget from provisional budget. *.Appointment of statutory commission. Government of India Act 1935 Main article: Government of India Act 1935 The provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, though never implemented fully, had a great impact on the Constitution of India. Many key features of the constitution are directly taken from this Act. It is really a lengthy and detailed document having 321 sections and 10 schedules. The majority of the todays constitution has drawn from this. Its features are: [ 9 ] *.It delivers to the establishment of an All India Federation. The previous names transferred and reserved subjects are changed as federal and provincial lists and concurrent list is definitely an addendum. *.Abolition of Diarchy and introduced provincial autonomy. *.Abolition of Council Asia. *.Establishment of RBI, federal court, Provincial PSUs and Joint PSUs. *.Extension of bicameralism, communal representation and franchise. The federal structure of government, provincial autonomy, a bicameral central legislature consisting of a federal assemblyand a Council of Statesand the separation of legislative powers between the centre and states are some of the provisions of the Act which are present in the Constitution of India.. Indian Independence Act 1947 Main article: Indian Independence Act 1947 The legislation was formulated by the government of Prime Minister Clement Attleeand the Governor General of India Lord Mountbatten, after representatives of the Indian National Congress, [ 16 ]the Muslim League, [ 17 ]and the Sikhcommunity [ 18 ]came to an agreement with the Viceroy of India, Lord Mountbatten of Burma, on what has come to be known as the3 June PlanorMountbatten Plan. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdomannounced on 20 February 1947 that: 1.British Government would grant full self-government to British India by June 1948 at the latest, 2.Partition of India and Pakistan. 3.The future of Princely States would be decided after the date of final transfer is decided. [ 19 ] 4.Empowering of Constitution for the nations.
Posted on: Mon, 27 Oct 2014 13:40:15 +0000
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