Invasion of Oromo in the 16th century 1530-1538 Galla cross the Shebelle and conquest starts with Bale whose inhabitants are believed to have been the present Sidama. Gamu Gofa was conquered soon later. While the Borona settled in Bale and adjacent lands (when they are the present day) the other major Gala branch the Baryatuma- Mecha and Tulama- continued north and east. 1538-46: Dawaro which extended and covered most of present day Harar was attacked by the Galla. Galla started to collect tribute. 1544-1547- The first expedition of Emperor Gelawdewos accompanied by the Muslim army of the sultanate of Hadya against the Galla invaders on the Awash. 1555-1562; Galla territorial occupation begins. Gallas were no more conducting simply raiding expeditions. The Galla s conquered and settled permanently to administer the conquered regions and conquered people transformed into Gebaro, or serfs. (1551-1567) successor of Ahmed Grang has been fighting the first Galla invasion of Harar city and its surroundings. It was indeed Emir who had built the historic Harar wall that surrounds the city to defend it against Galla invasion. In 1559 the army of Emir of Harar was defeated. Although, Harar city was effectively protected, all the surrounding Harar-Chercher mountains where lived the Adere, the Worji, the Maya and a number of other probably speaking ethnic groups boarding on Yefat. Where all conquered by the Galla, depriving Harar not only of its most fertile agricultural lends but also of its freedom of movement and trade with the outside world through the Gulf of Aden coast. The era of glory of Harar was over. 1572-73 Harar was attacked by a huge mass of Oromo troops and Imam Mohamed Gasa had to evacuate Harar and move his capital to Aussa. The same Imam was killed by the Oromo in November 1583. 1570’s 1580’s: Galla conquest of Shoa- Shoa largely inhabited by Amharic speaking Christians was the heart of the empire and common residence of the Emperors at Debreberhan, Tegulet, Etc… Shoa was occupied by the Mecha and Tulama Gallas. 1570’s-1580;s: Oromo conquest Amhara- Angot the home and origin of the ruling dynasty. Amhara which was burnt and destroyed by Gragn a few decades earlier (Because Grang came with a massive of rifle, never seen in Ethiopian history for the first time/if there was rifles, perhaps few arms in the hand of the king/s. That is how he managed in a shortest period controlled the vast territory of the country through the new war machine of the era given to him from the Ethiopian enemy the Turks.) was now completely devastated by the Galla s in spite of the resistance of the imperial army. (በቅንፍ ውስጥ ያለው ከደራሲው የተጨመረ) While —- was invaded and settled by Wollo. Angot in the North-east was invaded and settled by the Yejou, Gallas. Amhara thus destroyed and burnt down and its population transformed as Gebaro of Galla, the era therefore marks the end of the Amhara, because now, they have been transformed into serfs of the Oromos. Since then Amhara and Angot as so many peoples of ancient Ethiopia have disappeared from the map of Ethiopia. That is also why we have been arguing for some years now that the Amhara people separated by the Beshilo from Begemdire and bordering with the Angot in the north and extending up to MENZ and Waaqa in the south do not exist and have not existed since the Wollol Oromo invasion of the Amharas in the 1570’s and 1580- And hence there is no sense in talking about Amhara oppressor people or “Nation” 1610: Raya –Azebo (this is in Tigray) occupation of the lowlands at the foot of Enderta from where they will fight in vain for century to advance north and occupy Tigray, south and north of Mereb Melash (Eritrea) What is a Gabaro? Mohamed Hassan, a Muslim, Oromo scholar (the Oromo, of Ethiopia: A history 1570-1860, published New York, 1990, p.63, 64) gives us perhaps the most unambiguous definition of the institution of Gebaro introduced by the Oromo conquerors: “The term gabaro describes the obligatory relation between the conquerors and the conquered. The vanquished still owners of their plot of land became serfs or clients of the pastoral Oromo, who now demanded service and tribute from them. The Oromo term for the conquered people was “gebaro” (“those who serve”). The Oromo adopted the gebbaro en maasse, giving them clan genealogy, (the Metcha used the term ilma gossa (son of the gossa= tribe or clan), marrying their women and…. (there were times) when the rights of the gabaro were trampled upon, their women and children sold into slavery by their Oromo masters (and have there were several cases of Gabbaro rebellion….)” ይላል የኦነጉ የታሪክ ምሁር መሐመድ ሐሰን እንኳ ሳይቀር እውነቱን ሊሸሽገው አልቻለም። በመጨረሻ ፕሮፌሰር አለሜ እሸቴ ስለ ኦሮሞዎችም ሆነ ስለ ትግሬ ወይንም አማራ ተብሎ የሚጠራ ሕዝብ ማንነት የሚከተለው እንዲህ ሲሉ በታሪክ ምሁርነታቸው ማወቅ ያለብንን እቅጩን እንዲህ ይነግሩናል። Our present knowledge of the history of the peoples of Ethiopia – of the Tigrai, of the Amhara, of the Oromo etc. do not allow single separated linear developments of the peoples of Ethiopia but of the Ethiopian nation made up of cultures, languages and values ever pulling each other. We do not know in history any original Amhara language, religion or culture. The so called Amhara have inherited all from the Axumites – language, script, religion culture etc. and have carried over the Axumite culture as an Ethiopian , language, religion …The Amhara have never existed as a tribe but are the result of the evolution since Geez Axumite times of the linguistic transformation of the Kushitic Agaw into Semitic , as well as the amalgamation of the cultures and languages of other peoples of Ethiopia since Axumite times. There is also no such tribe, culture, language or religion called Oromo but an amalgamation of several Ethiopian peoples who have been absorbed during the Galla conquest , from the 16th century to the middle of the 19th century or the rise of Tewodros, during which process the original Galla have been ethiopianised -their culture, language and religion being transformed . Linguistically, the Galla may even have been transformed during the long process and contact with Ethiopian Kushitic peoples, into Kushitic , according to Professor Andrezejewski of the London School of Oriental Studies.(The Position of the Galla in the Cushitic language group” published in Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol.9, 1964. See also my paper, Galla Kushitic?” በሰነዱ የተመለከትነው ጉዳይ ኦሮሞዎች ከነበሩበት ከአንድ ከጫፍ ደቡባዊ ኢትዮጵያ ክፍል በመነሣት አሁን ኦሮሞዎች የሰፈሩባቸውን ክፍለሀገሮች በሙሉ (ትግራይን ጨምሮ) እንደ ሰደድ እሳት በፍጥነት በማዳረስ ያዙት። ከነሱ በፊት ሰፍረውበት የነበሩን የተለያዩ ቋንቋ ተናጋሪ ኢትዮጵያውያን ገበሬዎች ከቦታ ወደ ቦታ ለግጦሽ ፍለጋ የሚዘዋወሩ ከብት አርቢ የኦሮሞ ጦረኞች ወረሩት። ቀደምት ኗሪዎችንም ገባር አደረጓቸው። ቋንቋቸውም ከጊዜ በኋላም ተዋልደው ልጅ ልጆቻቸው ኦሮምኛ ተናጋሪዎች ሆኑ። በአንጻሩም ወራሪዎቹ ወደ አማራ አገር እና ትግራይ አካባቢ ሄደው ሲሰፍሩም እንደዚያው የልጅ ልጆቻቸው የአካባቢው (አማርኛ እና ትግሬ) ቋንቋ እንዲናገሩ ተውጠው ቀርተዋል። This is what the real story is behind the invasion of the Gala people in Ethiopia.
Posted on: Sun, 12 Oct 2014 17:38:51 +0000
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