January 3, 1431 – Joan of Arc was handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. 1496 – Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tested a flying machine. 1521 – Pope Leo X excommunicated Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. 1653 – By the Coonan Cross Oath, the Eastern Church in India cut itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage. 1749 – Benning Wentworth issued the 1st of the New Hampshire Grants, leading to the establishment of Vermont. 1815 – Austria, the United Kingdom, and France formed a secret defensive alliance against Prussia and Russia. 1823 – Stephen F. Austin received a grant of land in Texas from the government of Mexico. 1870 – Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began. 1888 – The refracting telescope at the Lick Observatory was used for the 1st time. 1919 – At the Paris Peace Conference, Emir Faisal I of Iraq signed an agreement with Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann on the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. 1925 – Benito Mussolini announced that he is taking dictatorial powers over Italy. 1933 – Minnie D. Craig became the 1st female elected as Speaker of the North Dakota House of Representatives. 1944 – Top Ace Major Greg Pappy Boyington was shot down in his F4U Corsair by Captain Masajiro Kawato flying a Mitsubishi A6M Zero. 1945 – Admiral Chester W. Nimitz was placed in command of all U.S. Naval forces in preparation for planned assaults against Iwo Jima and Okinawa. 1961 – The SL-1, a government-run reactor near Idaho Falls, leaked radiation, killing 3. 1961 – The United States severed diplomatic relations with Cuba over the latters nationalization of American assets. 1962 – Pope John XXIII excommunicated Fidel Castro. 1977 – Apple Computer was incorporated. 1993 – In Moscow, Russia, George Bush and Boris Yeltsin signed the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). 1994 – More than seven million people from the former apartheid Homelands received South African citizenship.
Posted on: Sat, 03 Jan 2015 07:04:12 +0000
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