Leviticus Chapter 11 9 These may ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them may ye eat. 10 And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that swarm in the waters, and of all the living creatures that are in the waters, they are a detestable thing unto you, 11 and they shall be a detestable thing unto you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, and their carcasses ye shall have in detestation. 12 Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that is a detestable thing unto you. Types of Toxic Shellfish Poisoning There are four main kinds of toxic shellfish poisoning. The chemicals that cause toxic shellfish poisoning are produced by certain species of toxic algae and released into the shellfish when they eat the algae. Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is caused by a group of chemicals called the saxitoxins and gonyautoxins. These chemicals all differ in their toxicity to humans and their proportions may vary, depending on the species of shellfish and the species of algae producing the toxin. Toxic algae of the species Gymnodinium catenatum, Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium catenella commonly cause PSP toxicity in New Zealand shellfish. Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is caused by Domoic Acid in shellfish. Symptoms are mainly gastrointestinal, especially at low levels, however about a quarter of cases experience neurological problems including memory loss that may be significant and permanent. Symptoms first appear within 24 hours and neurological difficulties within 48 hours. Toxic algae of the Pseudonitzchia genus produce Domoic Acid. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) attacks the nervous system. Symptoms include difficulty in swallowing, double vision, unsteadiness and tremor, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, numbness, tingling of the mouth, lips and extremities. Difficulty in distinguishing between hot and cold is also a characteristic. Onset of symptoms is likely to be within 24 hours. NSP is sometimes produced by an algal species known as Karenia mikimotoi. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is caused by Okadaic Acid and related compounds. Symptoms are diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting and abdominal pain. Acute symptoms usually occur within 12 hours and are of short duration. DSP group toxins are produced by a variety of phytoplankton species, mainly of the Dinophysis genus.
Posted on: Mon, 12 Aug 2013 14:57:11 +0000
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