Many black Americans have said they dauh need no white people to tell [them their] history. Well, those persons DO sometimes need SOMEONE to tell them OUR human history, because theyre obviously laboring under severely distorted notions of American and African history! - THERE IS NO CULTURE OR RACE of WHITE or BLACK or ASIAN or NATIVE AMERICAN or HISPANIC people - those are extremely GENERAL terms. ATTENTION: SKIN COLOR AND EYE COLOR AND HAIR TEXTURE DO NOT DEFINE A RACE. JUST AS THE JAPANESE IS NOT THE CHINESE AND NOT ALL CHINESE ARE HAN PEOPLE, ALL BLACK PEOPLE DO NOT INHABIT AFRICA AND NEITHER HAVE THEIR ANCESTORS FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS. JEWS, SCOTS, SCANDINAVIANS, FRENCHMEN, WELSHMEN, HINDUS, PAKISTANIS, RUSSIANS, AND AMERICANS ARE NOT PARTS OF A WHITE RACE. THEY -AND ALL DARK SKINNED PEOPLE - AND ALL IN BETWEEN ARE SPECIFICALLY AND SIMILARLY HUMAN BEINGS - MORE ALIKE IN THEIR GENETIC CODE THAN DIFFERENT - ONE HUMAN GENOME. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American#Identity Harvard University historian Henry Louis Gates, Jr. wrote in 2009, African Americans ... are a racially mixed or mulatto people—deeply and overwhelmingly so. [173] For example, after the Emancipation Proclamation Chinese American men married African-American women in high proportions to their total marriage numbers due to few Chinese American women being in the United States.[174] African slaves and their descendants have also had a history of cultural exchange and intermarriage with Native Americans[175] although they did not necessarily retain social, cultural or linguistic ties to Native peoples.[176] There are also increasing intermarriages and offspring between non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics of any race, especially between Puerto Ricans and African Americans (American-born blacks).[177] ----------------------------------------------------------- britannica/EBchecked/topic/67474/African-Americans African Americans, Obama, Barack: Obamas waving to the crowd at election night rally in Chicago’s Grant Park, 2008 [Credit: Jae C. Hong/AP]one of the largest of the many ethnic groups in the United States. African Americans are mainly of African ancestry, but many have nonblack ancestors as well. African Americans are largely the descendants of slaves—people who were brought from their African homelands by force to work in the New World. Their rights were severely limited, and they were long denied a rightful share in the economic, social, and political progress of the United States. Nevertheless, African Americans have made basic and lasting contributions to American history and culture. ----------------------------------------------------------- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade Between 1650 and 1900, 10.24 million enslaved Africans arrived in the Americas from the following regions in the following proportions:[65] Senegambia (Senegal and the Gambia): 4.8% Upper Guinea (Guinea-Bissau, Guinea and Sierra Leone): 4.1% Windward Coast (Liberia and Côte dIvoire): 1.8% Gold Coast (Ghana and east of Côte dIvoire): 10.4% Bight of Benin (Togo, Benin and Nigeria west of the Niger Delta): 20.2% Bight of Biafra (Nigeria east of the Niger Delta, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon): 14.6% West Central Africa (Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola): 39.4% Southeastern Africa (Mozambique and Madagascar): 4.7% Of the 45, the ten most prominent, according to slave documentation of the era are listed below.[66] The BaKongo of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola The Mandé of Upper Guinea The Gbe speakers of Togo, Ghana and Benin (Adja, Mina, Ewe, Fon) The Akan of Ghana and Cote dIvoire The Wolof of Senegal and the Gambia The Igbo of southeastern Nigeria The Mbundu of Angola (includes both Ambundu and Ovimbundu) The Yoruba of southwestern Nigeria The Chamba of Cameroon The Makua of Mozambique ----------------------------------------------------------- https://answers.yahoo/question/index?qid=20100311213040AAjfTO6 29 nation states by country that actively or passively participated in the Atlantic Slave Trade: * Senegal: Denanke Kingdom, Kingdom of Fouta Tooro, Jolof Empire, Kingdom of Khasso and Kingdom of Saalum * Guinea-Bissau: Kaabu Empire * Guinea: Kingdom of Fouta Djallon * Sierra Leone: Koya Temne * Cote dIvoire: Kong Empire and Gyaaman Kingdom * Ghana: Asante Confederacy and Mankessim Kingdom * Benin: Kingdom of Dahomey * Nigeria: Oyo Empire, Benin Empire and Aro Confederacy * Cameroon: Bamun and Mandara Kingdom * Gabon: Kingdom of Orungu * Republic of Congo: Kingdom of Loango and Kingdom of Tio * Angola: Kingdom of Kongo, Kingdom of Ndongo and Matamba SOURCE: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade ----------------------------------------------------------- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africans Indigenous peoples and ancient settlers Further information: Indigenous peoples of Africa Speakers of Niger-Congo languages from branches other than Bantu predominate in West Africa, with the Yoruba, Igbo, Fulani, Akan and Wolof ethnic groups among the largest. There are also Chadic-speaking West Africans in northerly areas bordering the Sahara, most predominately the Hausa. There are also small numbers of Nilo-Saharan speaking Africans such as the Kanuri, Songhai, Zarma and others in the easternmost parts of West Africa bordering Central Africa. Bantu languages are most prominent in Central Africa and Southern Africa due to the Bantu expansion from West Africa, most significantly Kongo, Mongo, Luba, Xhosa, Zulu and Shona. However, Ubangian and Nilo-Saharan languages are also prominent in Central Africa: the Shilluk,[21] Dinka,[21] and the Nuer[21] predominate in eastern Central Africa, while the Nilo-Saharan Kanuri predominate in western Central Africa. In northern Central Africa, the Niger-Congo Ubangian Gbaya, Zande and Banda. There are also a few remaining indigenous Khoisan (San and Khoikhoi) and Pygmy peoples in Southern and Central Africa, respectively. In Southeast Africa, Niger-Congo languages are most widely spoken, especially those from the Bantu branch like Kikuyu, Makua and Kamba. Nilo-Saharan languages, such as Luo, Kalenjin and Maasai, are also spoken in lesser numbers. Swahili, with at least 80 million speakers (as a first or second language), is an important trade language in the Great Lakes area, and has official status in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. Beja nomads from Northeast Africa. In the Horn of Africa, most populations speak Afro-Asiatic languages. Certain Ethiopian and Eritrean groups (like the Amhara and Tigray-Tigrinya people, collectively known as Habesha) speak Semitic languages. The Oromo, Afar, Beja and Somali peoples speak Cushitic languages, but some Somali clans claim Arab descent.[22] ... The population of North Africa in ancient times consisted predominantly of Berbers in the West and Egyptians in the East. The Semitic Phoenicians and Jews, the Iranian Alans, and the European Greeks, Romans and Vandals settled in North Africa as well. Berber speaking populations constitute significant communities within Morocco (including Western Sahara) and Algeria and are also still present in smaller numbers in Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania. The Tuareg and other often-nomadic peoples are the principal inhabitants of the Saharan interior of North Africa. The Nubians, who developed an ancient civilization in the Nile Valley of North Africa, are among the predominately Nilo-Saharan-speaking groups found in Sudan, in addition to the Fur, Zaghawa and Masalit, among others. In the Kalahari Desert of Southern Africa, the distinct people known as the San have long been present. Together with the Khoikhoi, they form the Khoisan. The San are the pre-Bantu indigenous people of southern Africa, while Pygmies are the pre-Bantu indigenous peoples of Central Africa. Migrations Arab The Arabs arrived from Asia in the seventh century, introducing the Arabic language a member of the Afro-Asiatic language family, and Islam to North Africa. Over several centuries, the majority of the indigenous African population of the region became Arabized by adopting the Arabic language, and developing a common identity with other peoples throughout the Arab World. Today, the majority of North Africans are Arabic-speaking, although the Berber language still predominates among Berber communities in certain areas. Sudan and Mauritania are divided between a mostly Arabized north and a Nilotic south. The Nubians of have also been partly Arabized, although their original language is still in use. In East Africa, some areas, particularly the island of Zanzibar and the Kenyan island of Lamu, received Arab Muslim and Southwest Asian settlers and merchants throughout the Middle Ages and even in antiquity. This gave birth to the Swahili culture. European Despite having a presence in Africa since Greek and Roman times, it was not until the sixteenth century that Europeans such as the Portuguese and Dutch began to establish trading posts and forts along the coasts of western and southern Africa. Eventually, a large number of Dutch augmented by French Huguenots and Germans settled in what is today South Africa. Their descendants, the Afrikaners and the Coloureds, are the largest European-descended groups in Africa today. In the nineteenth century, a second phase of colonization brought a large number of French and British settlers to Africa. The Portuguese settled mainly in Angola, but also in Mozambique. The Italians settled in Libya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. The French settled in large numbers in Algeria where they became known collectively as pieds-noirs, and on a smaller scale in other areas of North and West Africa as well as in Madagascar. The British settled chiefly in South Africa as well as the colony of Rhodesia, and in the highlands of what is now Kenya. Germans settled in what is now Tanzania and Namibia, and there is still a population of German-speaking white Namibians. Smaller numbers of European soldiers, businessmen, and officials also established themselves in administrative centers such as Nairobi and Dakar. Decolonization from the 1960s onwards often resulted in the mass emigration of European-descended settlers out of Africa — especially from Algeria, Angola, Kenya and Rhodesia. However, in South Africa and Namibia, the white minority remained politically dominant after independence from Europe, and a significant population of Europeans remained in these two countries even after democracy was finally instituted at the end of the Cold War. South Africa has also become the preferred destination of white Anglo-Zimbabweans, and of migrants from all over southern Africa. India European colonisation also brought sizable groups of Asians, particularly people from the Indian subcontinent, to British colonies. Large Indian communities are found in South Africa, and smaller ones are present in Kenya, Tanzania, and some other southern and east African countries. The large Indian community in Uganda was expelled by the dictator Idi Amin in 1972, though many have since returned. The islands in the Indian Ocean are also populated primarily by people of South Asian origin, often mixed with Africans and Europeans.[23] The Malagasy of Madagascar are an Austronesian people, but those along the coast are generally mixed with Bantu, Arab, Indian and European populations. Malay and Indian ancestries are also important components in the group of people known in South Africa as Cape Coloureds (people with origins in two or more races and continents). In Mauritius, a tiny island in the Indian Ocean that is included in the African continent, Indian people form a majority. Others During the past century or so, small but economically important colonies of Lebanese[24] and Chinese[25] have also developed in the larger coastal cities of West and Southeast Africa, respectively.[26]
Posted on: Thu, 29 May 2014 15:00:04 +0000
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