NTP 1991 > national toxicology program carcinogenesis studies of trichloroethylene ( without epichlorohydrin ) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice > NTP TR 243 < Research Triangle Park < NC > Tro Dow ., Green , T 2000 Trichloroethylene included vitamin B12 and folate deficiency leads to increased formic acid excretion in the rat , Toxicology 146 , 123 – 136 > Sarah J > Blossam , Jason C ., Doss ., Leah J > Hennings , Stefanie Jernigan < ,Stephan Melnyk ., S >. Jill James ( 2008 ) , Developmental exposure to Trichloroethylene promotes CD+ T cell differentiation and hyperactivity in association with oxidative stress and neurobehavioral deficits in MRL+/+ mice , Toxicology and Applied pharmacology ( 231 ) : 344-353 > Gangduo wang , ping cai , G>A>S>Ansari . M>firoze khan (2007 ) > oxidative and nitrosative stress in Trichloroethene mediated autoimmune response , Toxicology , 299 : 186 – 193 > GSH were evaluated in the kidney , one of the major TCE target organs ( cojocel et al >> 1989 , lash et al >> 2000 < Tabrez and Ahmad (2011 )> As evident from results , TCE exposure led to dose - And time – related decreases in GSH / GSSG ratios in the kidneys > - However , alterations in GSH / GSSG ratios were more remarkable and even significant after 12 weeks of TCE exposure at the dose of 2.0 mg / ml > thus , significant decreases in GSH , particulary the dose – and time – related decreases in GSH / GSSG ratio provide support o the likely cause of increased oxidative stress following TCE exposure and contribution to TCE – mediated autoimmunity > - Both human and experimental studies have documented that TCE exposure is associated with induction of various autoantibodyies ( flindt – Hansen and Isager , 1987 , kiburn and Warshaw , 1992 khan et al .. 1995 , Griffin et al .. 2000 a ) ,the specific findings of the increases in serum ANA and anti – ssDNA . ,that dose and duration of TCE exposure could also influence the production of autoantibodies , it was interesting to note that TCE exposure included oxidative stressin dose – and time – related For the existence of an association between oxidative stress and induction / acceleration of autoimmunity . Refrences Albert , DK .. Hsia , E>C .. 2005 Analysis of a cluster of cases of Wegener granulomatosis , J . clin , Rheumatoi , 11 , 188-193 . Ashley , D .. l .. Bonin . , M. A cardinal , f . l McCraw ., J.m Wooten , J>V 1994 .. Blood concentration of volatile organic compounds in a nonoccupationally exposed US population and in groups with suspected exposure , clin , chem. , 40 (7 pt 2 ) .1401-1404 . ATSDR ( Agency for toxic substances and disease Registry Divison of Toxicology ) 2010 , public Health statement for trichloroethylene , Toxicological profile for Trichloroethylene ( TCE ) ., 1997 , Available at http : //atsdr.cdc.gov . Bakke , B ,. Stewart P>A .. waters M>>A .. 2007 uses of and exposure to trichloroethylene in U..S industry : a systematic literature review , J.Occup , Environ . Hyg . 4 – 375 – 390 . Bourg A.c.. Mouvet c .. lemer . D.n , 1992 , A review of the attenuation of trichloroethylene in soils and aquifers , Q.J, Eng , Geol , 25 , 359-375 Cai , . p .. konig , R .. Boor , P.J>> kondraganti , B.S .. khan , M.F .. Ansari , G..A . , 2008 chronic exposure to trichloroethylene causes early onset of SLE –like disease in female MRL ++ mice , toxicol , Appl , pharmacol . 228 – 68 – 75 . Caldwell . J . C keshava , N , , 2006 . key issues in the modes of action and effects of trichloroethylene metabolites for liver and kidney tumorigenesis , Environ Health prespect , 114 , 1457 – 1463 . Diot , E .. Lesire , V .. Gulmot J,I .. Metzger m M.D ., pilore , R , Rogier , S , stadler , M , Diot , P ., Lemarie , E .. lasfargues , G , 2002 , systematic sclerosis and occupational risk factors : a case – control study , Occup , Environ , Med , 59.545.549 . Drake V , J koprowski , S..I Hu , N .. smith , S..M .. lough , J .. 2006 , kardiogenic effects of trichloro ethylene and trichloroacetic acid following exposure during heart specification of avian development toxicol , sci , 94 , 153 -162 . Flindt – Hasen , H , Isager , H , 1987 , Sclerodema after occupational exposure to trichloroethylene and trchlorethane , Acta Derm , venereal , 67 , 263 – 264 . Gilbert , K., M .. pumford , N.R .. Blossom , s, J
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