Name: Kimberly C. Flores Quiz#: 5 Section: M-36 Date: Sept 5,2014 The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is an international network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government packet switched networks, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the world wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and telephony. The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States government in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication via computer networks.[1] While this work, together with work in the United Kingdom and France, led to important precursor networks, they were not the Internet. There is no consensus on the exact date when the modern Internet came into being, but sometime in the early to mid-1980s is considered reasonable.[2] From that point, the network experienced decades of sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to it. Example: Examples of Web Search Engines Google Ask Yahoo TripleMe Shopzilla altavista Webcrawler Dogpile ... and many more There are actually many different search… The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3,[1] commonly known as the Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents that are accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks. Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist and former CERN employee,[2] is considered the inventor of the Web.[3] On March 12, 1989,[4] he wrote a proposal for what would eventually become the World Wide Web.[5] The 1989 proposal was meant for a more effective CERN communication system but Berners-Lee eventually realised the concept could be implemented throughout the world.[6] Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use hypertext to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will,[7] and Berners-Lee finished the first website in December of that year.[8] The first test was completed around 20 December 1990 and Berners-Lee reported about the project on the newsgroup alt.hypertext on 7 August 1991.[9] Example: , text formatting, creating and using images, links and anchors, lists, tables, forms, multimedia, HTML tools. A web browser (commonly to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content.[1] Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources. Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems. Example: Internet Explorer (free)Fire Fox (free)Safari (apple and windows -free)Google Chrome (free)Netscape Navigator (extinct as of 2007, but free)Msn (Subscription required)Verizon Online (subscription required) website, also written as web site,[1] or simply site,[2] is a set of related web pages typically served from a single web domain. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform resource locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. webpage is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors. Webpages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user of the webpage content. The users application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal. Static- This page describes the term static and lists other pages on the Web where you can find additional information. Dynamic- Generally refers to elements of the Internet or computer programming that are fixed and not capable of action or change. The opposite of static is dynamic. Web author- A category of software that enables the user to develop a Web site in a desktop publishing format. The software will generate the required HTML coding for the layout of the Web pages based on what the user designs. Typically, the user can toggle back and forth between the graphical design and the HTML code and make changes to the Web page in either the design of the accompanying code. (2) (v.) To design and create a Web site, from writing the sites underlying code to writing the text to managing the sites upkeep. Hypertext is text which is not constrained to be linear.Hypertext is text which contains links to other texts. The term was coined by Ted Nelson around 1965 (see History ). HyperMedia is a term used for hypertext which is not constrained to be text: it can include graphics, video and sound , for example. Apparently Ted Nelson was the first to use this term too.Hypertext and HyperMedia are concepts, not products home page- is generally the first page a visitor navigating to a website from a search engine will see, and may also serve as a landing page to attract the attention of visitors.[1][2] The home page is used to facilitate navigation to other pages on the site, by providing links to important and recent articles and pages, and possibly a search box.[2][3] For example, a news website may present the headlines and first paragraphs of top stories, with links to the full articles, in a dynamic web page that reflects the popularity and recentness of stories.[4] A website may have multiple home pages, although most have one.[5] Wikipedia, for example, has a home page at wikipedia.org, as well as language-specific homepages, such as en.wikipedia.org and de.wikipedia.org. text-based application is one whose primary input and output are based on text rather than graphics or sound. This does not mean that text-based applications do not have graphics or sound, just that the graphics or sound are secondary to the text. Before the 1980s, most computers were text-based. The operator used the keyboard as the main input device to type in necessary commands into the terminal that could only display text on a low-resolution monochrome video monitor. The majority of end-user software was also written in text-based mode during this time. During this era, operating a computer was considered to be a challenging task because of the complexity of the text-based environment. Personal- computer (PC) is a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. In price, personal computers range anywhere from a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars. All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is for playing games. Businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications. commercial property (also called investment or income property) refers to buildings or land intended to generate a profit, either from capital gain or rental income. uniform resource locator (abbreviated URL; also known as a web address, particularly when used with HTTP) is a specific character string that constitutes a reference to a resource. Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. classifies URLs as a specific type of uniform resource identifier (URI),[1] although many people use the two terms interchangeably.[2] A URL implies the means to access an indicated resource, which is not true of every URI.[2][3] URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http), but can also have a role in file transfer (ftp), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications (see URI scheme for a list).URLs are specified in 3986 (2005), and in a WHATWG URL Living StandardThe Uniform Resource Locator was standardized in 1994[5] by Tim Berners-Lee and the URI working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an outcome of collaboration started at the IETF Living Documents Birds of a Feather session in 1992.[6][7] The format combines the pre-existing system of domain names (created in 1985) with file path syntax, where slashes are used to separate directory and file names. Conventions already existed where server names could be prepended to complete file paths, preceded by a double-slash (//).[8] Berners-Lee later regretted the use of dots to separate the parts of the domain name within URIs, wishing he had used slashes throughout.[8] For example, example/path/to/name would have been written http:com/example/www/path/to/name. Berners-Lee has also said that, given the colon following the URI scheme, the two slashes before the domain name were also unnecessary HTML or HyperText Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create web pages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like ). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like and , although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example . The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). A web browser can read HTML files and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than a programming language. tags- is a generic term for a language element descriptor. The set of tags for a document or other unit of information is sometimes referred to as markup, a term that dates to pre-computer days when writers and copy editors marked up document elements with copy editing symbols or shorthand. text editor is a type of program used for editing plain text files. Text editors are often provided with operating systems and software development packages, and can be used to change, e.g., configuration files, documentation files, programming language source code. There are important differences between plain text files created by a text editor and document files created by word processors such as Pages,[importance?] Microsoft Word, and WordPerfect. • A plain text file uses a simple character set such as ASCII to represent numbers, letters, and a small number of symbols. The only non-printing characters in the file that can be used to format the text are newline, tab, and formfeed. • Word processor documents generally contain formatted text, such as enabling text to appear in boldface and italics, to use multiple fonts, and to be structured into columns and tables. These capabilities were once associated only with desktop publishing, but are now available in the simplest word processor. • Marked up plain text files contain a combination of human-readable text and markup tags, e.g., web pages are plain text with HTML tags to achieve formatting. The term web server, also written as Web server, can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet.[1]The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses such as gaming, data storage, running enterprise applications, handling email, FTP, or other web uses. Browsing is a kind of orienting strategy. It is supposed to identify something of relevance for the browsing organism. When used about human beings it is a metaphor taken from the animal kingdom. It is used, for example, about people browsing open shelves in libraries or browsing databases or the Internet. In Library and information science it is an important subject, both purely theoretically and as applied science aiming at designing interfaces which support browsing activities for the user. Browsing is a quick examination of the relevance of a number of objects which may or may not lead to a closer examination or acquisition/selection of (some of) these objects. It is a kind of orienting strategy that is formed by our “theories,” expectations and subjectivity. Robert Cailliau (born 26 January 1947) is a Belgian informatics engineer and computer scientist who, together with Tim Berners-Lee, developed the World Wide Web. Cailliau was born in Tongeren, Belgium. In 1958 he moved with his parents to Antwerp. After secondary school he graduated from Ghent University in 1969 as civil engineer in electrical and mechanical engineering (Dutch: Burgerlijk Werktuigkundig en Elektrotechnisch ingenieur). He also has an MSc from the University of Michigan in Computer, Information and Control Engineering, 1971.During his military service in the Belgian Army he maintained Fortran programs to simulate troop movementsIn 1993, in collaboration with the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Cailliau started the European Commissions first web-based project for information dissemination in Europe (WISE). As a result of his work with CERNs Legal Service, CERN released the web technology into the public domain on 30 April 1993. In December 1993 Cailliau called for the first International WWW Conference which was held at CERN in May 1994.[6][10][11] The oversubscribed conference brought together 380 web pioneers and was a milestone in the development of the web. The conference led to the forming of the International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee which has organized an annual conference since then. Cailliau was a member of the Committee from 1994 until 2002. In 1994 Cailliau started the Web for Schools project with the European Commission, introducing the web as a resource for education. After helping to transfer the web development from CERN to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), he devoted his time to public communication. He went on early retirement from CERN in January 2007. Cailliau is now an active member of Newropeans, a pan-European political movement for which he and Luca Cominassi have recently drafted a proposal concerning the European information society. [12]He is a public speaker on the past and future of the World Wide Web and delivered the keynote opening speech at the annual Runtime Revolution developer conference in Edinburgh, Scotland on 1 September 2009. Sir Timothy John Tim Berners-Lee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA, DFBCS (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist, best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information management system in March 1989,[4] and he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet sometime around mid November of that same year.[5][6][7][8][9] Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Webs continued development. He is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation, and is a senior researcher and holder of the Founders Chair at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL).[10] He is a director of the Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI),[11] and a member of the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence.[12][13] In 2004, Berners-Lee was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his pioneering work.[14] In April 2009, he was elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences.[15][16] He was honoured as the Inventor of the World Wide Web during the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, in which he appeared in person, working with a vintage NeXT Computer at the London Olympic Stadium.[17] He tweeted This is for everyone,[18] which instantly was spelled out in LCD lights attached to the chairs of the 80,000 people in the audience.[17]
Posted on: Tue, 09 Sep 2014 22:55:27 +0000
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