Native American Heritage Month.... Tribes Chippewa Also known as the Ojibway, Ojibwe, Ojibwe, and Anishinaabe, the Chippewa tribe are one of the largest and most powerful nations, having nearly 150 different bands throughout their original homeland in the northern United States (especially Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan) and southern Canada (especially Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan.) In the woodlands, Ojibway people lived in villages of small round buildings called waginogan, or wigwams. On the Great Plains, the Ojibway people lived in teepees so that could easily pick and move following the buffalo. Chiricahua The Chiricahua great mountain” Apache were called such for their former mountain home in Southeast Arizona. They, however, called themselves Aiaha. The most warlike of the Arizona Indians, their raids extended into New Mexico, southern Arizona, and northern Sonora, Mexico. Some of their most noted leaders included among their most noted leaders being Cochise, Victorio, Loco, Chato, Naiche, Bonito, Mangas Coloradas, and Geronimo. Chitimacha Dwelling along the delta of the Mississippi River of south-central Louisiana, the Chitmacha lived in framed houses made of poles covered with leaves or mud, with thatched roofs. Agriculture provided the majority of their diet. To enhance their appearance, the Chitimacha flattened the foreheads of their male children. Socially, the Chitimacha were divided into matrilineal (descent traced through the mother) totemic (named for an animal) clans. Choctaw This Muskogean tribe, also known as Chakchiuma, or Chatot, traces its roots to the Mississippi Valley and some parts of Alabama. The Choctaw were one of the first of the Five Civilized Tribes to reluctantly accept expulsion from their native lands and move to Oklahoma. Although their history included a long alliance with the government of the United States and they even served under then General Andrew Jackson, when time came to move the Choctaw westward, they received no consideration from the government. As part of the Trail of Tears the Choctaw lost almost twenty five percent of their people to disease, starvation and predatory whites during the long march. *(More to follow as highlight)* Choula This was a small tribe of 40 individuals who lived on the Yazoo River in Mississippi. Their name means fox in Chickasaw and Choctaw. Chowanoc An Algonquian tribe formerly living on Chowan River in northeast North Carolina, about the junction of Meherrin and Nottoway Rivers. They were said to have been a sedentary hunter/farmer tribe who spoke the Powhatan language. In 1584-85, when first known, they were the leading tribe in that region. One village called Ohanoak was said to have 700 warriors. They gradually dwindled away and by 1701 were reduced to a single village on Bennetts Creek. They joined in the Tuscarora War against white settlers in 1711-12, and at its close, the remnant, estimated at about 240, were assigned a small reservation on Bennetts and Catherine Creeks. By 1820 they had been entirely absorbed into the Tuscarora tribe. Chumash A linguistic family who traditionally lived on the coast of south California, who were also known also as Santa Barbara Indians. There were seven dialects of the Chumashan family. All were fairly similar except the San Luis Obispo, which stood apart. Evidence was found, showing that they have had settlements on the Channel Islands and Santa Monica Mountains as far back as thousands of years ago. There were at one time over 20,000 Chumash living along the California coastline. The historic Chumash were a maritime culture, using long wooden canoes called tomols to fish and travel between different villages along the Pacific coast. They also hunted and gathered to provide for themselves. They were first visited by Europeans as early as 1542, when Portuguese explorer, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo spent some time in their territory, meeting with an exceedingly friendly reception. More explorers followed and five missions were established by the Franciscans among the Chumash; those of San Luis Obispo, San Buenaventura, Santa Barbara, Purísima, and Santa Inez, from 1771 to 1804. The missionaries met with little opposition and no forcible resistance. However, some of the bands begin to resist missionary ruling and in 1824, the Indians at Santa Barbara, Santa Inez, and Purísima revolted against the mission authority, though there was no loss of life. Their grass houses were dome-shaped and often 50 feet or more in diameter and each was inhabited by several families. Even during mission times the Chumash decreased greatly in numbers and continued to decrease as more and more white settlers moved into their lands. By 1900, their numbers had declined to just 200. However, several bands continue to exist today, though they have no reservation lands. Only the Samala, or Santa Ynez Chumash, have received federal recognition. However, there are an estimated 5,000 people who identify themselves as Chumash.
Posted on: Sat, 09 Nov 2013 15:20:28 +0000
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