Overview Of The Democratic Transitions look in Africa Romeo Ondoua Seme, a political science student at the University of Yaoundé2 Soa (Cameroon) In a famous book titled The Third Wave, Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (University of Oklahoma Press 1991) Samuel Huntington identified three waves of expansion of democracy in a long-term movement that arose after Europe and Fraud North excludes any days of our continent. It is for him in the periods in which countries moving from authoritarian to democratic rule outnumber those who follow the reverse process. This is the case for a whole century of 1828-1926, in which the influence of democratic ideas is such that the new American States set from birth constitutions that are inspired, while in Europe including several monarchical states under pressure from reformist elites must establish representative institutions. But this secular wave, contrary to the hopes born of the Enlightenment, will know when a reflux between the two world wars, the legitimacy of parliamentary democracy will be challenged in the name of revolutionary ideologies, which as Marxism-Leninism not want to see an instrument of bourgeois class, inextricably linked to capitalism or ultra-nationalist ideologies that glorify the cult of the leader alone expressing the presumed will of an entire people (Reverse Wave of Democratic Breakdowns (1922-1964) regime. The second wave of democratization identified by Huntington is very short otherwise. It would begin for him in 1943 and ended in 1964. The new world order from the second world war multiplies Marxist regimes, the USSR imposes Eastern Europe with the tacit agreement of the Western powers but it is fatal to the dictatorial regimes of the two major defeated States: Germany and Japan, Germany is divided into two states, one in the West, as the Federal Republic of Germany, is granted by the occupants of a democratic constitution, like Japan, moreover, the monarchy is constitutionalized as directed by the commander of US troops, General MacArthur. Huntington in 1974, the beginning of a new wave of democratization. Very massive and broadly international, is the one that is currently in progress. Whereas before 1974, the election of Mario Suarez to the presidency of Portugal, only forty states could claim the Democratic label in 1996 more than a hundred countries can inflate the list of emerging democracies say or found, including many African states. The périodicisation Huntington has the advantage of linking democratic progress in Africa to global scale movements. But it must be noted that the first wave described by Huntington little concerned. It is indeed a phase which makes the most of these territories to colonial status.
Posted on: Thu, 13 Nov 2014 00:57:39 +0000
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