PHILOBIBLON LA VOLUMUL XX !!! PORTFOLIO PHILOBIBLON VOL. XX No. 1 (January-June 2015) STUDIES István FEHÉR M.: Irony and Solidarity: Two Key Concepts of Richard Rorty, 25p [HUN]*** Keywords: irony, solidarity, vocabulary, metaphysics, morality, knowledge, hope, epistemology, anti-foundationalism Abstract: Irony and solidarity are two key concepts characteristic of the vocabulary of Richard Rorty. Their thematization can be done on a narrower or wider basis of texts. In the present paper I attempt to contextualize and reconstruct them against the background of other important concepts of Rorty’s vocabulary, such as, first of all, the concept of contingency. The concept of irony is shown to derive, for Rorty, from Sartre’ conception of the humans who are claimed to be what they are not, and not to be what they are. The non coincidence of humans with themselves, or, with their „essence,” is argued to lead the way to the basic attitude of irony. The concept of contingency may be shown to lead up to the concept of solidarity as well, in that the realization that what we are we are in a contingent way implies the possibility of being radically other than what we happen to be. (I.) In a second step, the basic concepts of Rorty, thus far reconstructed, are shown to be dependant on Rorty’s basic philosophical stance of anti-foundationalism; the latter is claimed to have a hermeneutical background. (II.) In a final part the outlines of a tradition are sketched from Kant to the present, characterized by an anti-metapyhsical flow, whereby the importance of solidarity and morality is stressed without the attempt to anchor it in a metaphysical theory of humans or any kind of epistemology destined to provide knowledge rather than hope. Indeed, Rorty shows that hope stands over and above knowledge, and it contributes to making us humans more than a project to attain any kind of (secure) knowledge is ever capable of. Lajos András KISS: The Performance of Applied Philosophical Thematization: Interpretation of István Király V.’s Works in the Context of European Philosophy, 37p [HUN]*** Keywords: freedom, existence, mortal, death, history, illness Madeea Axinciuc: Emergence, Synchronization and Synchronicity Re-approaching the concept of complex system from a comparative perspective, 12p Keywords:emergence, synchronization, synchronicity, complex systems, causality Abstract: The study revisits the concepts of emergence, synchronization and synchronicity, uncovering their tight (explanatory) connection when reexamined in relation to the space-time parameter. The bringing together of the three terms within the framework opened by different visions and understandings of the time-space continuum highlights, in a critical manner, important aspects and features to be taken into consideration for clarifying the significance of the three concepts in their interconnectedness, for reevaluating the conventional existing definitions, and conceptualizations of ‘complex systems’, for configuring more complex research methodologies, and fostering a renewed concept of ‘scientificity’. Mircea-Andrei Golban: The task of the poet and the task of the translator – comparing two types of discourse, 10p Keywords: pure language, transformation, source, encoding, decoding, negotiation, adequacy, postcard Abstract: The essay joins together the concepts of transformation, negotiation and adequacy with the concept of translatability. Firstly, I conducted my research on Walter Benjamin’s text about translation. What stands out is the difference between the poet and the translator, but mainly the concept of pure languageas described by Benjamin. Secondly, I reviewed Benjamin’s text through a poststructuralist perspective (Derrida, Pierre Bourdieu, Paul de Man and Paul Ricœur), finally reaching the acknowledgement of the impossibility of a perfect translation. Lastly, the paper gives an example of the reason why a text can be difficult to translate (Derrida’s letters). Daniel Jugrin: Negation and mystical union in Plotinus, 14p Keywords: Plotinus, the One, mystical union, negative theology, ecstasy, unknowing. Abstract: The Plotinian description of mystical union derives from his view regarding the One. Firstly, the process of abstraction (aphairesis) implies the removal of all that has been an addition to the soul by its descent into a body. Secondly, it requires a rigorous intellectual purification of thought in relation to the One. The mechanism by which Plotinus imposes the “negation of negation” (Enneads 5.5.6.32) and “taking away everything” (Enneads 5.3.17.38) manifests itself by transposing the soul from the stage of discourse and cognition towards the noetic contemplation on the level of Nous, and, finally, towards the mystical union with the One. Ormeny Francisc: Paganism and Barbarism in the French Philosophy of the Eighteenth Century (Montesquieu, Diderot, Voltaire and Rousseau), 24p Keywords: Diderot, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, paganism, savagery, revolutionary spirit, religion of the citizen, religion of man, objects of worship and intentional objects. Abstract: The present study attempts to show in which cases the barbarism discussed and sometimes openly advocated by the French philosophers of the 18th century (Montesquieu, Diderot, Voltaire and Rousseau) relates back to some pagan habits and realities for mystically-romantic and for nostalgically-instinctual reasons and in which cases it has to do with rudimentary and bloodthirsty uses of reason. As these thinkers ignited the first precious and powerful sparks in the direction of a historical recuperation of the phenomenological and aesthetic roots of man, our material represents an attempt to explain the political and historical phenomenon which brought back to the table the discussion concerning the cultural origins of Europe and which resurrected the pagan fascinations and fears within the cultural imaginary of the coming epochs. Dr. Ştefan Bolea: The Nihilist as a Not-Man. An Analysis of Psychological Inhumanity, 11p Keywords, antihumanism, overman, nihilism, literature, existentialism Abstract A new philosophical and psychological concept is needed for the alienated and radically different human being according to the nihilist Romanian-French philosopher E.M. Cioran. This concept of the not-man describes a post-anthropological subject, which is “inhumanˮ from a psychological point of view, emphasizing estrangement and otherness in the definition of humanity. I have compared Ciorans provocative and unusual term with Nietzsches analysis of the overman – the difference between the two conepts proceeding from two conflicting nihilist perspectives – and I also have identified the not-man in the novel of the Japanese writer Osamu Dazai, No Longer Human. Dr. Anna Jani: Individuality and community. The construction of the sociality in the early phenomenology of Edith Stein, 14p Keywords: empathy, community, experience, individuality, social, value Abstract: The problem of individuality lies at the basis of phenomenological investigations both in Edith Steins earliest and mature works. Her doctoral thesis, the On the Problem of Empathy, focuses on the phenomenological acts of perceiving persons in an intersubjective situation. She aims at a conception of the person beyond a construction based on the pure “I” or the stream of consciousness. According to her, the psycho-physical subject can comprehend the foreign living body as an individual. Dilthey isn’t interested in the individual in a phenomenological sense, but rather in the question as to what constitutes value in the society. Although all of Stein’s references to Diltehy’s views in her doctoral theses are of critical nature, there is still a connection between the two thinkers. In this paper, I would like to investigate the relationship between Edith Stein’s critique of Dilthey’s understanding of the individual with a particular focus on Stein’s conception of empathic act as the founding act for the community. Dana POP: Theorising Between Space and Place: A Case Study on Perceptive Architecture - Serpentine Gallery Pavilions, 29p Keywords: space, place, architecture, Serpentine Gallery, pavilion, theory of architecture Abstract: The paper focuses on an example of the fragile balance between theory and practice within the space-place debate. Thus, the introduction outlines several theoretical constructs, which offer a broad view of the complex phenomenon of the space-place study. The article then concentrates on the experiment proposed by the Serpentine Gallery, in London, which is unique in this context. Consequently, this part of Kensington Gardens has transformed itself, little by little, into a genuine architectural laboratory, which analyses and exhibits the attitude towards the space-place relationship, as it is understood by the different starchitects who have built here. Mihaela URSA, Antifeminist Ideologies in Romanian Popular Culture. Advertising, Power Discourses and Traditional Roles, 16p Keywords: ideology, publicity, power-discourse, gender roles, gender metaphor, virile illusion Abstract: The present paper concludes a research on the appearance and popularization of traditional gender ideologies by means of specific public power discourses. While, on declarative levels, the Romanian establishment favors political correctness, freedom of choice and self-identity, there are subtle messages within power discourses that state the opposite and encourage the perpetuation of traditional gender roles, the stigmatization of those who do not observe them, as well as dangerous gender segregation. The research takes into account three levels of ideology-dissemination in Romania after the year 2000: product publicity, public speech of prominent representatives of Romanian politics and public messages of the cultural elite. István KIRÁLY V., Names of the Nothing, 10p Keywords: Nothing, Hungarian philosophy, philosophy Abstract: All discourse about the nothing seems utterly and ultimately void. However, this cannot be true since it is precisely the language – or speech/discourse – which always brings forth the nothing, the word of “Nothing”. The language speaks thus about the nothing and perhaps also speaks it. According to its primary – and abstract – appearance, the nothing is precisely “that” “which” is not. The word for it is still there among the words-names of most language (for we cannot know all, of course). What is more, since it is not, at a first glance the nothing only has its word, its name... and this is precisely which protrudes. But the word of the nothing expresses in the language only that which has no being whatsoever. Therefore that is not just any kind of negation, but the word/name of the negation of being. The “nothing” is thus the mere word of the negation of being. Which lives standing in languages at such a depth that it presents no problems even in its translations. The German das Nichts can be unproblematically translated into the English Nothing, the French ¬rien or Néant, the Slavic nić, Romanian nimic or Hungarian semmi, etc. However, if digging deeper, it is readily visible that, despite the ease of translation, the being and its negation is articulated differently in the words of the nothing. This paper scrutinizes these, with more details on the Hungarian term “semmi.” At the end, it enters into a philosophical dialogue with a poem of Hungarian poet Attila József. REVIEWS Iulia GRAD, Sandu Frunză - Symbolic communication and seduction. Review, 4p. Keywords: communication, symbolic communication, seduction, religiosity, mass media, postmodernity, advertising. Anca Elisabeta TATAY, Repertoriul tipografilor, gravorilor, patronilor, editorilor cărţilor româneşti (1508-1830) [Repertory of typographers, engravers, editors, patrons of Romanian books (1508-1830)]. Review, 3p Keywords: old Romanian books, typographers, engravers, editors, patrons
Posted on: Sun, 25 Jan 2015 06:45:53 +0000
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