Preparation Of Homemade Soap; Equipment and chemicals need: 1) Weighing machine 2) Two Plastic or Glass container , one for making Aqueous Sodium hydroxide solution and one for oil or fat and saponification (reaction vessel ) . Caution: Don’t use any metal container as NaOH is reactive with metal . 3) Small hand held kitchen stirrer ( I believe orong or some wooden spatula can be used if vigorous stirring can be performed continuously but it will take much longer time to reach “trace” (the point when gel started to form ) . Caution: Never use any metal stirrer or spatula as it reacts violently with NaOH 4) Thermometer (House hold thermometer is fine), 5) Case for molding ( I used cup cake mold and plastic lunch box ) 6) Protective nitrile gloves to handle NaOH which may cause severe chemical burning. 7) Essential oil for smell (optional), I used essential from chompa flower (nice smell) 8) Any food color as you desired (optional) ( I used powder turmeric , Holud ) Reagent : Olive oil 20 Oz , 567 g , Coconut oil 5 Oz,142 g, Total Oil --25 Oz,709 gm Sodium Hydroxide , solid (Lye) 3.45 Oz. 98 g Distilled water 8 Oz ,227 g Sugar as Foam modifier (Optional)1.5 tsp (tsp/ 16 Oz (453 g) of oil used. Essential oil (Optional ) 0.1 Oz, 2.83 g Color as you wish (Optional) Few Drops Note : The amount of Base may vary with the type of Fat or Oil used due to the variability of Fatty acid content . For example in this case if only olive oil used the NaOH used should be reduced by 5% as the fatty acid content of olive oil is less than that of coconut oil . The best way to adjust the base amount is to find the exact fatty acid content and adjust the NaOH amount accordingly . It is important to consume all base during saponification otherwise the soap will contain un reacted NaOH which may cause irritation to the skin or even chemical burn . Adding sugar helps make a light, bubbly lather with large bubbles Procedure : 1) Arrange all the equipment and chemicals before doing anything so that you can have quick access to these any time, 2) Combine 567 gm olive oil and 142 gm of coconut oil in a glass or plastic container, Make sure the container have enough space for NaOH . Mix two oils very well . 3) Heat the oil mixture roughly to 130 F . Let it cool to about 110 F 4) Add 1.5 tsp of sugar to 227 gm (ml) of water and dissolve on stirring. Make sure sugar dissolved completely. Salt (Sodium chloride, 30 gm ) can also be added to the water on stirring at this point . The water container was put on a cold water bath for better control of exothermic reaction during addition of NaOH . Note : The water solution could be put in the fridge to cool prior to use in the next step which will minimize the heat formation during adding NaOH. Adding sugar is optional which make a light, bubbly lather with large bubbles. Before performing step # 5 , wear safety gloves 5) Add 98 gm of solid NaOH slowly while stirring to the cold water or water sugar solution made in step 4 which was placed on a cold water bath. Make sure all NaOH dissolve on stirring . The temperature of the lye solution will quickly raise and may see some fume of water vapor . Let cool the lye solution to about 110 F 6 ) Add the lye solution made in step 5 slowly to the oil solution made in step 3 on slow stirring . Tempearature for Both oil and NaOH solution should close to 110 F which is the optimum temperature for sapinification . The oil mixture will immediately become cloudy on addition of lye solution 7) Stir the mixture of step 6 with a hand held kitchen mechanical stirrer for 10-15 mins until reach to trace , at this point the mixture will turn to jelly like texture . The temperature should drop to around 100 F . 8 ) Add coloring additives as your choice to the jelly like mixture with stirring . I added ¼ th tea spoon of powdered turmeric (holud) . 9) Add essential oil of your choice (flavoring agent) to the jelly like mixture with stirring. Note : Vitamin E or Vitamin C (ascorbic acid , 3-5 gm / kg of oil used ) can be added to the mixture at this point as preservative 10 ) Transfer the Soap mixture to mold , Tap the mold to take the air bubble out . Let it stand at warm place wrapping with a towel at warmer place for at least 24 hrs for curing (The sapinification process still going on at this stage.) 11) Take the soap bar out from mold and slice as your desired size and let it dry for 3-4 weeks. Re work : If there are excess base left in the bar for any reason , that can be remove by dissolving the Crude Soap by adding hot water ( 1.4 litter, 2ml/ gm of oil used ) and re precipitate(common ion effect) by adding 2 Litter of brine (18-20% NaCl solution , ) to the soap solution . Let the mixture sit without stirring .On cooling, the Soap will stay on top and water on bottom. The water phase should take the excess NaOH and Glycerol by product (Glycerol is okay to be in the Soap ) . Remove the Soap from the Top and put in the Mold. This way excess NaOH could be removed if present.
Posted on: Mon, 20 Oct 2014 04:02:13 +0000
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