SYLLOGISM PART 2 Today we will learn how to solve the - TopicsExpress

SYLLOGISM PART 2 Today we will learn how to solve the possibility and some not type questions of syllogism. To solve them accurately we have to learn some rules which are given below : Following are the main rules for solving Syllogism Problems : 1. All + All=All 2. All + No=No 3. All + Some=No Conclusion 4. Some + All=Some 5. Some + No= Some Not 6. Some + Some= No Conclusion 7. No + All = Some Not(Reversed) 8. No + Some=Some Not (Reversed) 9. No + No=No Conclusion 10. Some Not /Some Not Reversed + Anything = No Conclusion 11. If - All A are B then we can say - Some B are Not A is a Possibility. 12. If - Some B are Not A then we can say - All A are B is a Possibility 13. If - Some A are B then we can say - All A are B is a Possibility and All B are A is a Possibility. 14.NO Conclusion = Any Possibility is true. Implications (In case of Conclusion from Single Statement) All => Some that means if All A are B then Some B are A is true. Some=>Some that means if Some A are B then Some B are A is true . No => No that means if No A is B then NO B is A is true. I can assure you one thing if you learn these rules and learn how to implement then you can solve all possibility questions with 100% accuracy. How to solve questions using above rules? There are two rules to solve syllogism questions 1.Cross Cancellation 2.Vertical Cancellation Example 1. Cross Cancellation Statements 1.All forces are Energies 2.All Energies are Powers 3.No Power is Heat Conclusions 1. No Energy is Heat 2. Some Forces being heat is Possibility Solution - Lets take 1st conclusion, this we will solve with the simple venn diagram method which we learn yesterday : In diagram I have denoted Forces as F, Energies as E, Power as P and Heat as H. So through diagram we can easily see that No energy is heat is true because since no power is heat and Energy is inside power so No energy is heat will also be true. Lets take 2nd conclusion : This we will solve with the help of our rules which we have defined above and cross cancellation method. In second conclusion we have Force and Heat so we will need to make relation between force and heat. For this we need to take all 3 statements. So we can see first we get All+All and according to rule no 1 All+All=All so we get All and now All+No and according to rule no 2 All+No=No so finally we get No its means relation between force and heat is that “No force is heat” and We don’t have any rule to convert this statement in Possibility so second conclusion is FALSE. Example 2 - Vertical Cancellation Statements 1. Some Mails are Chats 2.All Updates are Chats Conclusion 1.All Mails Being Update is a Possibility 2.No Update is Mail Lets take 1st Conclusion “All Mails Being Update is a Possibility” that means we have to make relation between Mails and Updates. For vertical cancellation to get the relation we go from bottom to up that is we to find All + Some and through Rule no 3 All + Some =No Conclusion it means we cannot conclude any relation between mails and updates i.e No conclusion and through Rule 14 we can see that for No conclusion any possibility is true it means 1st conclusion is true and since relation between mail and update is No conclusion it means we cannot conclude any relation between the two so 2nd conclusion is false. What is Some Not (Reversed)? Let’s take an Example No A is B All B is C So the conclusion will be (No+All) A is C = (Some Not Reversed) A is C = Some C are Not A. Let me solve 1 more example to make it more clear : Example 1 : Statement : 1.All cheques are notes 2.All notes are tyres 3. All tyres are books 4. All books are rods. Conclusions : 1.Some rods are not notes 2.Atleast some books are tyres 3. Some tyres being cheques is a possibility. Solution : Lets take 2nd conclusion 1st bcoz that we can solve with the venn diagram : 2nd conclusion is Some books are tyres and from venn diagram we can se