Study Guide for Quiz 1: Chapter 1 Format: T/F or MC Questions. 15 of the following questions will be randomly chosen. Ideology is not the only thing that divides or unites people, and many things both pull people together and push them apart. They often include all EXECPT: A. ethnicity B. religion C. generosity D. class We are influenced by ideologies, understanding these ideologies will help us understand our own beliefs and those of our friends and associates. We are always aware of the influence of a particular ideology. As we grow older, we also make conscious choices among beliefs and attitudes, either because we weigh one position against another and conclude that one is preferable according to some standard, or because we simply respect or dislike someone who holds that belief. Through this process of influence and choice, we gradually come to the set of beliefs and attitudes with which we live. All are true EXCEPT: A. This set of beliefs may change B. It changes less as we age C. In the process we only accept but never reject D. The experiences of a lifetime have led us to these views, and it is extraordinarily difficult to set aside what we have come to believe to be the truth and accept that we have been wrong. How do we identify an ideology? The most obvious way is through particular words that are associated with the ideology. A. Someone influenced by capitalism will usually speak favorably of the free market B. Anarchists will usually speak of the state negatively. C. Class was once at the absolute center of Marxism, but contemporary Marxists disagree about where it belongs. D. All of the above Scholars disagree on the meaning and importance of ideology. One has even written, “Ideology is the most elusive concept in the whole of social science.” As a result, ideology today is what we have come to call an essentially contested concept, or a concept about which there is truly fundamental disagreement. Which of the following is not true about ideology? A. An ideology is a system of values and beliefs regarding the various institutions and processes of society that is accepted as fact or truth by a group of people. B. An ideology provides the believer with a picture of the world both as it is and as it should be, and, in doing so, it organizes the tremendous complexity of the world into something fairly simple and understandable. C. Scholars always have a consensus on the meaning of ideology. D. Ideologies are organized or patterned beliefs. Ideologies are stories about the world we live in and our place in that world. When we tell a story, we structure information to communicate our understanding of something to someone else. Stories are always tall tales no outright lies. As in traditional stories, ideologies present a coherent, understandable picture of the world. Believers, telling the story of their beliefs, think they are telling the truth; it is up to the reader, viewer, or listener to sort truth from falsehood. According to the author, which is NOT true when we read a story? A. When we read a story, we often suspend our disbelief in it, and while we are still reading the story, watching the film or video, or playing the computer game, the story is real. B. Some people so want a story to be real that they lose themselves in it and try to change their world to be like the story, rather than accept the story’s untruth. C. Although the best-known cases of this are connected with sophisticated computer games, the political stories we are taught that become ideologies have the same effect on many people. D. The case for each ideology has only positive elements, things that the ideology supports. This book discusses only political ideologies because religious beliefs have not become important enough to require treatment. Therefore, the political ideologies of Islam and Liberation Theology will not be discussed in our class. Which is the best description of political ideology? A. It relates, as we have seen, to the beliefs of a group B. It refers to generalizations about politics and society that are based on data, much as any generalization in any science. C. It is explicitly evaluative or normative. It is a set of ideas about how governments and people should behave. D. B and C As the author points out that most ideologies initially developed in association with the growth and maturation of a social movement. This was obviously the case with Marxism and anarchism in the nineteenth century, and fascism and National Socialism, feminism but not the case with the modern development of democracy. At present, a new ideology may be emerging that is generally called globalization or globalism. It has strong supporters but no significant opponents. Today, when no social movement is completely unified, one of the most hotly contested areas is the ideology of the movement. Every faction vying for power says that it has the truth. This phenomenon is true only in the developing nations not in the industrialized nations such as the United States of America. A central concern of all students of ideology is the extent to which, and the ways in which, ideology affects practice. The most likely effect of ideology on political action is in limiting options. Which of the following is NOT true, ironically? A. Some people may not even notice the differences between the various sets of beliefs that influence them B. Some people will be so torn apart by the conflict that they develop serious mental problems C. Most of us are completely consistent in our beliefs be it political or nonpolitical D. Most of us muddle through, aware that we are not completely consistent in our beliefs and behavior but not terribly bothered by that fact. In any society, different segments of the population will hold different ideologies. For example, within the United States today, the overwhelming majority, if asked, would call themselves believers in democracy. No one would call themselves anarchists, National Socialists, and so forth. Karl Marx (argued that ideologies blind people to facts about their place in society. He described as ideological any set of political illusions produced by the social experiences of a class—that is, a social group defined by its economic role—for example, owners or workers. A. Marx called ideology false consciousness. B. Marx’s colleague Friedrich Engels called ideology false consciousness. Freud argued that although belief systems are illusions based on the distortion or repression of our psychological needs, they still provide an organized framework for explaining the world and its ills. An accepted explanation, even one that is wrong, can be comforting. From this above-mentioned statement, we can draw a conclusion that Marx and Freud have a common ground. The common ground is: A. They have observed it in a class society. B. Both believe economic base determines ideas. C. Freud, like Marx, saw ideologies as illusions that keep us deluded and content with a difficult, if not intolerable, condition. D. A and B
Posted on: Sun, 01 Sep 2013 05:22:07 +0000
Trending Topics
Recently Viewed Topics
© 2015