The Nature of Organization 1) define Organization and write its characteristics ? .An organization is a very wide sense term. It is derived from Greek word Organon. Some people say that organization is formed on early 19 but organization was formed whenever people join hands to complete some task. An organization is from ever since when people join their hand to do some task. Our society is also the example of the organization. Knowly or unknownley we are engaging in the organization. According to the Chester Barnard Organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities of two or more person. R.W Griffin said that Organization is a group of people working together in structure and coordinated fashion to achieve a set of goals Characteristics of organization i) Common Goal: Each and every organization has its own goal. Therefore to achieve the goal there are many people engaged in different department and they have do separate job to achieve the common goal. There is always a common goal in an organization. Therefore the common goal is the main characteristics of organization. For example: in one finance organization there are many people in different department with their separate job but their common goal to achieve the profit. ii) there are two or more than two people are engaged to achieve a common goal is known as organization. So that organization there are many people to do their separate job with their separate post. Without collection of people the organization cant run. Such as in a Bank, there are many cashier, officer and manager therefore, the collection of people is own of the characteristics of organization. iii) In an organization there should a special structure of people who are engaged to achieve a common goal. In an organization the job, department, post are separated to different people. They have got a special responsibilities and their rights. So that is called every organization should the attractive structure of the people. iv) Technology: Technology is one of the main part of the organization. Technology are those things which are used to change input into output. Every organization are affected by its technology. The technology is changeable, it should be maintain time to time, otherwise the organization cant run effectively. iv) As we know that environment means anything surrounding us which influences us. So the environment affect the organization. If the environment is not match to the organization the organization cant run effectively. So the environment is most important characteristics of the organization. v) Continuous existence: Continuous existence means the continuity of the organization. The organization will run even the manager or owner of the organization has got the continuous existence. Organization Goals: 2) What is an organization goal, describe the features of organization goal? Goal is defined as a desired future state of affairs. Organization goal can be defined as the target point which the organization wants to reach within a specific time period. Such as : profit earning is the goal of the organization, service providing is the goal of service organization and other target of the organization. For example the bank wanted to open 3 branches in other cities that is the target point of the organization. According to Amita Etzioni: Goal may be defined as desired state of affairs that the organization attempt to realize. Characterstics of Goals: i) Time frame: Every organization should have specific time to achieve goals. The organization goals are determined under a specific time period. If we are going to earn 20% profit in coming 6 years so that is the time frame. Goals are determined neither for yesterday nor for today but for future. The specific time perod which the organization want to achieve the target point. So the time frame is the important characteristics of goals. ii) Multiple and Various: There are different types of goals to different organization. The business organization has different goals like to earn profit. The organization has not only one goals but they have multiple goals. For example: the bank is established to earn profit generally but in broader sense they have many goals like as they have a target to open a branch within two years, to provide effective service to the costumer etc. Therefore the goals may be in different numbers. The organization want to increase productivity, to fulfill the responsibilities to the different societies. iii) Hierarchy: Goals have determined in different time period. The goals may determined for 1 month to 20 years also. The goals is hierarchy. There are different types of goals such as long term goal, it determines by top level of management, Mid term goal is determined by middle level of management and short term goal. iv) Goals from network: the organization goals have many hierarchy. The organizational goals can make a network. The network is made by different level and structure. Such as: high level, middle level and lower level. v) Goals may conflicts: the organization goals may go in different direction, that is called conflicts. For example: The organization can have a goal to increase productivity but want to reduce cost, so in this case the goals can be gone in opposite direction,so the goals may conflicts. Features of Organization Goals : i) Specific: Organization goal should be specific. For example: Organization is planning to achieve 30% profit within 2 years that is specific. So that the organization goal should be clear. If the organization planning to increase the profit, that is not clear. ii) Measurable iii) Acceptable iv)Realistic v) time. 3) ) What is an organization goal, describe Problem of Goal formulation process? In the process of goal formulation there are many conflicts are taken place. While determining goal which we have to face as barriers that is known as problems of goal formation. i) Inappropriate goal: Sometimes the manager dont formulate goal appropriate for the organization. For example the manager formulate the goal achieve the 5 times more profit that may not be appropriate goal. So this is the problems of goal formulation. If the goal is does not match to the maximum ability of organization that is called inappropriate. ii) Improper reward: sometimes while formulating goal the manager may not given the reward to the owner, stake holder and efficient labour and employee. It is the improper reward. Therefore improper reward is one of the problems of goal formulation. Sometimes a efficient employee may not get higher reward that is said to be improper reward. iii) Reluctance to goal: While formulating goal sometimes the managers has lack of confidence or afraid of goal formulation. So it can be the problem of goal formulation. At such time the manager cant formulate goal smoothly. iv) Resistance to change: Sometimes the manager determines the goal but the employee resis the goal. For example if the organization wants to increase the branch in different districts. So to achieve this goal the employee have to scarifies and may go the another places. When new foal are formulated the employee may have misunderstanding of goal, in such time they reject and go for strike that is the problem of goal formulation. v) Resource constraint: Sometimes the goal are determined by the manager, but those goals are not based on the availability of resources of an organization. Sometimes the goal are determined but the resources to fulfill those goal is limited or scares that can be also the problem of goal formulation. vi) Environmental Dynamics: Environment is dynamic or changeable. So the environmental factors are changeable which may directly affect the organization goal. So the environment dynamics is another problem of goal formulation. By the dynamics of environmental factors the goal maynot be formulated properly. 2) Describe the system theory? Write its contribution and limitation. The integrative perspective gives emphasis on the understanding the as a whole parts of the organization and it should be managed. By integrative perspective the manager should defined and understand environmental factors and even also all factors which are concerned to the organization. The system theory views an organization as a system. By system theory organization is the process of Input, process, output and feedback. It can be defined by following table. Input: Process Output Human Resources Managerial function and technique Good and service Physical Resources Procedures Profit or loss Financial resources Method. Productivity Information Employee commitment Feedback In every system there should be Input, Process, output and feedback. They are inter-related and they are affected by environmental factors. System can be also defined as the body of those factors. It gives first emphasis on increase of production. Contribution and limitation of System theory: Contribution: i) Independent Parts: System theory introduced different interrelated parts in organization like input, process,output and feedback by understanding those parts an organization can define the roles of various things properly. ii) Environment: System theory has given importance on environmental changes and development by understanding the environmental forces, we can formulate and implement plans and policies properly and effectively. iii) synergy: Systematic performance gives higher and better result than the performance of without systematic manner. iv) Goal oriented v) flow of information Limitation: Less importance on behavioral parts: System theory doesnt give importance on human relation and human behaviors. ii) Ignores quantitative techniques: This theory has ignore quantitative techniques of management. iii) Over emphasis on environment: this theory gives over emphasis of environmental forces.
Posted on: Fri, 05 Dec 2014 10:36:51 +0000
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