The foot core system: a new paradigm in·trin·sic mus·cles of foot muscles fully contained (origin, belly, insertion) in the foot and toes.These muscles are arranged in four layers; all are innervated by the plantar branches of the tibial nerve. Although they may be capable of producing the actions described under their individual entries, as a group the primary function of the intrinsic muscles of the foot is to provide dynamic support of the longitudinal arch of the foot, resisting those forces that act momentarily to spread the arch during walking and running. The foot is a complex structure with many articulations and multiple degrees of freedom that play an important role in static posture and dynamic activities. The evolutionary development of the arch of the foot was coincident with the greater demands placed on the foot as humans began to run. The movement and stability of the arch is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. However, the intrinsic muscles are largely ignored. Important function – Balance, proprioception, gait In addition, the intrinsic muscles of the foot must fine-tune the stability and support of the foot as it moves through the heel-touch to toe-off phase of the gait pattern, modulating the amount and position of force placed over the architecture of your foot as you move from standing to walking, propelling you forward from the toes when in toe-off. Many different elements contribute to the support of the arch. Among these are the small muscles on the underside of the foot known as the intrinsics. Very little research has been done looking at the role the foot intrinsics play in the dynamic stability of the arch. So much attention is given to footwear and orthotics that we often ignore the fact that the bottom of the foot is filled with muscles. These muscles provide both stabilizing forces to the foot in standing, and resistance to the collapsing of the arch with movement. the foot is considered to be a rigid body. The human foot is composed of the arch structure, which is characteristic in every person and deforms with aging. Foot arch structure is assumed to effect postural control. Panjabi brought forward a revolutionary concept for spinal stability and proposed that the spinal stabilizing system consists of three sub- systems, the passive, active and neural control. It has been proposed that if the passive system is impaired for any reason (e.g. post macro or micro-trauma), maximizing the contribution of the active and the neural control systems may enhance stability and reduce related pain. Although this clinical concept was originally proposed for the spine, it may be transferable to any joint in the body including the foot and ankle complex. The abductor hallucis muscle plays an important role in maintaining arch height as well as controlling excessive pronation. Strengthening this muscle can aid in treating and preventing overuse injuries. We should view it no differently than the posterior tibial muscle and tendon. try 4 small toes down , lift big to up Neurologie of the Plantar Foot The hairless skin of the foot sole has a great number and variety of neuro-receptors: Ruffini, Krause, Vater, Pacini, Meisner, free nerve endings, etc. They all have special functions, but many of them are also sensitive to pressure. We call them mechano- or baroreceptors. Kennedy et al identified a total of 104 mechanoreceptors in the hairless skin of the foot sole, active only when the foot was loaded. Yet, when the foot is in an unloaded position no discharge activity in any of the cutaneous receptors was found, especiallyin the absence of intentionally applied stimulation. These findings suggest that skin receptors of the foot sole behave differently from those receptors found on the hairless skin of the hand. This may reflect the role of foot sole skin receptors in standing balance and movement control
Posted on: Mon, 29 Sep 2014 03:31:13 +0000
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