The reunified Vietnam Vietnamese refugees await rescue in a boat . Vietnam was officially unified in July 1976 , after a prolonged state of war, one of the major conflicts of the twentieth century. Vietnam became a socialist republic which thousands of opponents tried to escape ( boat people ) . The terrible conditions of the countrys post -war worsened with various international issues . In 1978 , Vietnam signed a treaty of friendship with the USSR and the countrys relations with Cambodia and China worsened , forcing thousands of inhabitants of Chinese minority to leave the country . The next year , the Vietnamese forces , supporting opponents of the Khmer Rouge regime , which was supported by China, invaded Cambodia ( Cambodian -Vietnamese War ) , where the government of Pol Pot was conducting a policy of extermination of the population . Troops from Vietnam overthrew the Khmer Rouge communist regime of Pol Pot and retained control of Cambodia , intervening in the life of the nation, which installed a government allied and fought against a well-organized guerrillas , backed by China . After this intervention , Eastern Europe was the only source of external aid that Vietnam received . In 1979 , Chinese troops invaded northern Vietnam and devastated a range of about 45 miles along the northern border, a 17-day campaign that encountered enormous resistance of the Vietnamese Army ( Sino -Vietnamese ) . In 1989 , Vietnam withdrew virtually all troops from Cambodia , ending the occupation that cost the Vietnam loss of support from neighboring countries and a continuous bleeding human and material . The general secretary of the Communist Party , Le Duan , died in July 1986 . The reformers of the economy came to power and proclaimed a new policy of Doi Moi ( renovation ) . In December, the PC has appointed a reformer of the economy , Nguyen Van Linh , for the post of secretary - general. The government adopted a more pragmatic stance towards economic activities , and the example of China , opened the market without changing the political system , and allowed foreign investment in the country . This position , combined with the profound changes in the international scene in 1989 with the end of the Cold War , favored closer ties between Vietnam and the countries of market economy. In 1987 , Prime Minister Pham Van Dong was succeeded by Pham Hung . In 1988 , with the death of Pham Hung , Do Muoi became prime minister . With the crisis of the former USSR , Vietnam has undergone political and economic difficulties . At the end of aid from the former Soviet Union in 1991 , accelerated economic reform . In 1991 , Linh Do Muoi resigned and was appointed Secretary General of the Party , Vo Van Kiet with the head of the government . Relations with China were normalized with the signing of the peace agreement on Cambodia . The new Constitution (1992 ) created conditions for a market economy , but did not change the political monopoly of the Communist Party , despite allowing independent candidates in elections . In 1992 , General Le Duc Anh became president of the Republic , with the Prime Minister Vo Van Kiet . The government adopted a line of liberalization of the economy , with the adoption of market mechanisms , but kept political life under iron control . In 1994 , 19 years after the end of his direct military involvement in the war , the United States suspended economic and trade embargo imposed on North Vietnam in 1964 and continued after the reunification of the country under Communist rule . The end point of the episode was set in July 1995 , when Washington restored full diplomatic ties with Vietnam . In 1995 , Vietnam became a member of ASEAN and the government celebrated 20 years after the communist victory in Saigon . The country has one of the highest economic growth rates in the world ( 9.3% in 1995 ) , based on the refining of petroleum, automobile construction and tourism ( The country is today an attractive tourist destination , also for Americans ) . In 1997 , there was renewal of the governing bodies with new elections . Tran Duc Luong became President, Phan Van Khai , Prime Minister and General Le Kha Phieu , General Secretary of the Party. In 2001 , Nog Duc Manh was appointed Secretary General of the Party.
Posted on: Sat, 01 Feb 2014 10:33:34 +0000
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