Vinayak Damodar Savarkar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Vinayak Damodar Savarkar V D SAVARKAR.jpg Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Born 28 May 1883 Bhagur, Nashik, Maharashtra Died 26 February 1966 (aged 82) Mumbai, India Cause of death Sallekhana Prayopavesa Nationality Indian Other names Veer Savarkar Education Bachelor of Arts from Fergusson College, Pune, Maharashtra (India); Barrister from The Honourable Society of Grays Inn, London (England). Known for Indian independence movement, Hindutva Political party Hindu Mahasabha Religion Agnostic[1] or Hindu atheist[2][3] Spouse(s) Yamunabai Children sons Prabhakar (died in infancy), Vishwas Savarkar and daughter Prabhat Chiplunkar Parents Damodar Savarkar Yashoda Savarkar Relatives Ganesh Damodar Savarkar (brother), Narayan Damodar Savarkar (brother), Maina Damodar Savarkar (sister) Vināyak Dāmodar Sāvarkar (About this sound pronunciation (help·info)) (28 May 1883 – 26 February 1966) was an Indian pro-independence activist,[4][5] politician as well as a poet, writer and playwright. He advocated dismantling the system of caste in Hindu culture, and reconversion of the converted Hindus back to Hindu religion. Savarkar created the term Hindutva, and emphasised its distinctiveness from Hinduism which he associated with social and political disunity. Savarkars Hindutva sought to create an inclusive collective identity. The five elements of his philosophy were Utilitarianism, Rationalism and Positivism, Humanism and Universalism, Pragmatism and Realism.[6] Savarkars revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means.[7] Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totalling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. While in jail, Savarkar wrote the work describing Hindutva, openly espousing Hindu nationalism. He was released in 1921 under restrictions after signing a plea for clemency in which he renounced revolutionary activities. Travelling widely, Savarkar became a forceful orator and writer, advocating Hindu political and social unity. Serving as the president of the Hindu Mahasabha, Savarkar endorsed the ideal of India as a Hindu Rashtra and opposed the Quit India struggle in 1942, calling it a Quit India but keep your army movement. He became a fierce critic of the Indian National Congress and its acceptance of Indias partition, and was one of those accused in the assassination of Indian leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.[8][9] He was acquitted as the charges could not be proven.[10] The airport at Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobars capital, has been named Veer Savarkar International Airport.[11] The commemorative blue plaque on India House fixed by the Historic Building and Monuments Commission for England reads Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 1883-1966 Indian patriot and philosopher lived here.[12] Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Activities at India House 3 Arrest in London and Marseilles 4 Case before the Permanent Court of Arbitration 5 Trial and Andaman 6 Hindutva 7 Leader of the Hindu Mahasabha 7.1 Opposition to the partition of India 7.2 Support for Jewish state in Palestine 8 Works 9 Arrest and acquittal in Gandhis assassination 9.1 The approvers testimony 9.2 Kapur commission 10 Later life and death 11 Film 12 Notes 13 References 14 External links Early life[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2013) Vinayak was born in the family of Damodar and Radhabai Savarkar in the village of Bhagur, near the city of Nashik, Maharashtra. He had three other siblings namely Ganesh, Narayan, and a sister named Mainabai. After the death of his parents, the eldest sibling Ganesh, known as Babarao, took responsibility of the family. Babarao played a supportive and influential role in Vinayaks teenage life. During this period, Vinayak organised a youth group called Mitra Mela (Band of Friends) and encouraged revolutionary and nationalist views of passion using this group.[13] In 1901, Vinayak Savarkar married Yamunabai, daughter of Ramchandra Triambak Chiplunkar, who supported his university education. Subsequently in 1902, he enrolled in Fergusson College, in Pune .[13] As a young man, he was inspired by the new generation of radical political leaders namely Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai[13] along with the political struggle against the partition of Bengal and the rising Swadeshi campaign. He was involved in various nationalist activities at various levels. In 1905, during Dussehra festivities Vinayak organised setting up of a bonfire of foreign goods and clothes. Along with his fellow students and friends he formed a political outfit called Abhinav Bharat. Vinayak was soon expelled from college due to his activities but was still permitted to take his Bachelor of Arts degree examinations. After completing his degree, nationalist activist Shyam Krishnavarma helped Vinayak to go to England to study law, on a scholarship.[13] It was during this period that Garam Dal, (literally translated as Hot Faction) was formed under the leadership of Tilak, due to the split of Indian National Congress. The members of Garam Dal, did not acknowledge the moderate Indian National Congress leadership agenda which advocated dialogue and reconciliation with the British Raj. Tilak advocated the philosophy of Swaraj and was soon imprisoned for his support of revolutionary activities.[13] Activities at India House[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2013) Main article: India House Madan Lal Dhingra was a protege of Savarkar. After his joining Grays Inn law college in London Vinayak took accommodation at Bharat Bhawan India House. Organised by expatriate social and political activist Pandit Shyamji, India House was a thriving centre for student political activities. Savarkar soon founded the Free India Society to help organise fellow Indian students with the goal of fighting for complete independence through a revolution, declaring, “ We must stop complaining about this British officer or that officer, this law or that law. There would be no end to that. Our movement must not be limited to being against any particular law, but it must be for acquiring the authority to make laws itself. In other words, we want absolute independence[7] ” Savarkar envisioned a guerrilla war for independence along the lines of the famous war for Indian independence of 1857. Studying the history of the revolt, from English as well as Indian sources, Savarkar wrote the book, The History of the War of Indian Independence. He analysed the circumstances of 1857 uprising and assailed British rule in India as unjust and oppressive. It was via this book that Savarkar became one of the first writers to allude the uprising as Indias First War for Independence.[14] The book was banned from publication throughout the British Empire. Madame Bhikaji Cama, an expatriate Indian revolutionary obtained its publication in the Netherlands, France and Germany. Widely smuggled and circulated, the book attained great popularity and influenced rising young Indians. Savarkar was studying revolutionary methods and he came into contact with a veteran of the Russian Revolution of 1905, who imparted him the knowledge of bomb-making. Savarkar had printed and circulated a manual amongst his friends, on bomb-making and other methods of guerrilla warfare. In 1909, Madan Lal Dhingra, a keen follower and friend of Savarkar, assassinated British MP Sir Curzon Wylie in a public meeting. Dhingras action provoked controversy across Britain and India, evoking enthusiastic admiration as well as condemnation. Savarkar published an article in which he all but endorsed the murder and worked to organise support, both political and for Dhingras legal defence. At a meeting of Indians called for a condemnation of Dhingras deed, Savarkar protested the intention of condemnation and was drawn into a hot debate and angry scuffle with other attendants. A secretive and restricted trial and a sentence awarding the death penalty to Dhingra provoked an outcry and protest across the Indian student and political community. Strongly protesting the verdict, Savarkar struggled with British authorities in laying claim to Dhingras remains following his execution. Savarkar hailed Dhingra as a hero and martyr, and began encouraging revolution with greater intensity. Arrest in London and Marseilles[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2013) In India, Ganesh Savarkar had organised an armed revolt against the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909. The British police implicated Savarkar in the investigation for allegedly plotting the crime. Hoping to evade arrest, Savarkar moved to Madame Camas home in Paris. He was nevertheless arrested by police on 13 March 1910. In the final days of freedom, Savarkar wrote letters to a close friend planning his escape. Knowing that he would most likely be shipped to India, Savarkar asked his friend to keep track of which ship and route he would be taken through. When the ship S.S. Morea reached the port of Marseilles on 8 July 1910, Savarkar escaped from his cell through a porthole and dived into the water, swimming to the shore in the hope that his friend would be there to receive him in a car. But his friend was late in arriving, and the alarm having been raised, Savarkar was re-arrested. Case before the Permanent Court of Arbitration[edit] Sarvarkar Permanent Court of Arbitration - Cour permanente darbitrage.svg Court Permanent Court of Arbitration Full case name Arrest and Return of Savarkar (France v. Great Britain) Date decided 24 February 1911 Judges sitting M. Beernaert, president, elected by panel Louis Renault Earl of Desart G. Gram Alexander de Savornin Lohman Decision by Unanimous panel Savarkars arrest at Marseilles caused the French government to protest to the British, which argued that the British could only recover Savarkar if they took appropriate legal proceedings for his rendition. This dispute came before the Permanent Court of International Arbitration in 1910, and it gave its decision in 1911. The case excited much controversy as was reported by the New York Times, and it considered it involved an interesting international question of the right of asylum. The Court held, firstly, that since there was a pattern of collaboration between the two countries regarding the possibility of Savarkars escape in Marseilles and since there was neither force nor fraud in inducing the French authorities to return Savarkar to them, the British authorities did not have to hand him back to the French in order for the latter to hold rendition proceedings. On the other hand, the tribunal also observed that there had been an irregularity in Savarkars arrest and delivery over to the Indian Army Military Police guard.[15][16] Trial and Andaman[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2013) Arriving in Bombay (colonial name of Mumbai), Savarkar was taken to the Yervada Central Jail in Pune. Following a trial, Savarkar was sentenced to 50 years imprisonment and transported on 4 July 1911 to the infamous Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. His fellow captives included many political prisoners, who were forced to perform hard labour for many years. Reunited with his brother Ganesh, the Savarkars nevertheless struggled in the harsh environment. Forced to arise at 5 am, tasks including cutting trees and chopping wood, and working at the oil mill under regimental strictness, with talking amidst prisoners strictly prohibited during mealtime. Prisoners were subject to frequent mistreatment and torture. Contact with the outside world and home was restricted to the writing and mailing of one letter a year. In these years, Savarkar withdrew within himself and performed his routine tasks mechanically. Obtaining permission to start a rudimentary jail library, Savarkar would also teach some fellow convicts to read and write. In 1920, the Indian National Congress and leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi, Vithalbhai Patel and Bal Gangadhar Tilak demanded his unconditional release. Savarkar signed a statement endorsing the trial, verdict and British law, and renouncing violence, a bargain for freedom. On 2 May 1921, the Savarkar brothers were moved to a jail in Ratnagiri, and later to the Yeravda Central Jail. He was finally released on 6 January 1924 under stringent restrictions – he was not to leave Ratnagiri District and was to refrain from political activities for the next five years. However, police restrictions on his activities would not be dropped until provincial autonomy was granted in 1937. Jaywant Joglekar, who authored a book euologising Savarkar as Father of Hindu Nationalism,[17] considers Savarkars appeal for clemency a tactical ploy, like Shivajis letter to Aurangzeb, during his arrest at Agra, Vladimir Lenins travel by sealed train through Germany as a part of a deal with Germany and Joseph Stalins pact with Adolf Hitler.[18] Hindutva[edit] See also: Hindutva Vinayak Damodar Savarkar During his incarceration, Savarkars views began turning increasingly towards Hindu cultural and political nationalism, and the next phase of his life remained dedicated to this cause.[13] In the brief period he spent at the Ratnagiri jail, Savarkar wrote his ideological treatise – Hindutva: Who is a Hindu?. Smuggled out of the prison, it was published by Savarkars supporters under his alias Maharatta. In this work, Savarkar promotes a radical new vision of Hindu social and political consciousness. Savarkar began describing a Hindu as a patriotic inhabitant of Bharatavarsha,[19] venturing beyond a religious identity.[13][20] While emphasising the need for patriotic and social unity of all Hindu communities, he described Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism as one and same. He outlined his vision of a Hindu Rashtra (Hindu Nation) as Akhand Bharat (United India), purportedly stretching across the entire Indian subcontinent. He defined the Hindu race as neither Aryan, Kolarian or Dravidian but as[21] “ that People who live as children of a common motherland, adoring a common holyland ” Scholars, historians and Indian politicians have been divided in their interpretation of Savarkars ideas. A self-described atheist,[2] Savarkar regards being Hindu as a cultural and political identity. While often stressing social and community unity between Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains, Savarkars notions of loyalty to the fatherland are seen as an implicit criticism of Muslims and Christians who regard Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem as their holiest places. Savarkar openly assailed what he saw as Muslim political separatism, arguing that the loyalty of many Muslims was conflicted. After his release, from jail on 6 January 1924[22] Savarkar help found the Ratnagiri Hindu Sabha, aiming to work for the social and cultural preservation of Hindu heritage and civilisation.[23] Becoming a frequent and forceful orator, Sarvakar agitated for the use of Hindi as a common national language and against caste discrimination and untouchability. Focusing his energies on writing, Savarkar authored the Hindu Pad-pada-shahi[14] – a book documenting and extolling the Maratha empire – and My Transportation for Life – an account of his early revolutionary days, arrest, trial and incarcertaion. He also wrote and published a collection of poems, plays and novels. Another activity he started was to reconvert to Hinduism those who had converted to other faiths.He also wrote a book named Majhi Janmathep(Meaning My Lifeterm) about his experience in Andaman prison. Leader of the Hindu Mahasabha[edit] In the wake of the rising popularity of the Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Savarkar and his party began gaining attraction in the national political environment. Savarkar moved to Mumbai and was elected president of the Hindu Mahasabha in 1937, and would serve until 1943. The Congress swept the polls in 1937 but conflicts between the Congress and Jinnah would exacerbate Hindu-Muslim political divisions. Jinnah derided Congress rule as a Hindu Raj, and hailed 22 December 1939 as a Day of Deliverance for Muslims when the Congress resigned en masse in protest of Indias arbitrary inclusion into World War II. Savarkars message of Hindu unity and empowerment gained increasing popularity amidst the worsening communal climate. Savarkar as president of the Hindu Mahasabha, during the Second World War, advanced the slogan Hinduize all Politics and Militarize Hindudom, he decided to support the British war effort in India seeking military training for the Hindus.[24] When the Congress launched the Quit India movement in 1942, Savarkar criticised it and asked Hindus to stay active in the war effort and not disobey the government,[14] he urged the Hindus to enlist in the armed forces to learn the arts of war.[25] Hindu Mahasabha activists protested Gandhis initiative to hold talks with Jinnah in 1944, which Savarkar denounced as appeasement. He assailed the British proposals for transfer of power, attacking both the Congress and the British for making concessions to Muslim separatists. Soon after Independence, Dr Shyama Prasad Mookerjee resigned as Vice-President of the Hindu Mahasabha dissociating himself from its Akhand Hindustan plank, which implied undoing partition.[26] Opposition to the partition of India[edit] The Muslim League adopted the Lahore Resolution in 1940, calling for a separate Muslim state based on the Two-Nation Theory, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar summaries Savarkars position, in his Pakistan or The Partition of India as follows, “ Mr. Savarkar... insists that, although there are two nations in India, India shall not be divided into two parts, one for Muslims and the other for the Hindus; that the two nations shall dwell in one country and shall live under the mantle of one single constitution;... In the struggle for political power between the two nations the rule of the game which Mr. Savarkar prescribes is to be one man one vote, be the man Hindu or Muslim. In his scheme a Muslim is to have no advantage which a Hindu does not have. Minority is to be no justification for privilege and majority is to be no ground for penalty. The State will guarantee the Muslims any defined measure of political power in the form of Muslim religion and Muslim culture. But the State will not guarantee secured seats in the Legislature or in the Administration and, if such guarantee is insisted upon by the Muslims, such guaranteed quota is not to exceed their proportion to the general population.[27] ” Support for Jewish state in Palestine[edit] Savarkar in a statement issued on 19 December 1947, expressed joy at the recognition of the claim of Jewish people to establish an independent Jewish state, and likened the event to the glorious day on which Moses led them out of Egyptian bondage. He considered that justice demanded restoration of entire Palestine to the Jews, their historical holy land and Fatherland. He regretted Indias vote at the United Nations Organisation against the creation of the Jewish state terming the vote a policy of appeasement of Muslims.[28] Works[edit] This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2013) Veer Savarkar wrote more than 10,000 pages in the Marathi language. His literary works in Marathi include Kamala, Mazi Janmathep (My Life Sentence), and most famously 1857 - The First War of Independence, about what the British referred to as the Sepoy Mutiny. Savarkar popularised the term First War of Independence. Another noted book was Kale Pani (similar to Life Sentence, but on the island prison on the Andamans), which reflected the treatment of Indian freedom fighters by the British. To counter the then accepted view that Indias history was a saga of continuous defeat, he wrote an inspirational historical work, Saha Soneri Pane (Six Golden Pages), recounting some of the Golden periods of Indian history. At the same time, religious divisions in India were beginning to fissure. He described what he saw as the atrocities of British and Muslims on Hindu residents in Kerala, in the book, Mopalyanche Band (Muslims Strike) and also Gandhi Gondhal (Gandhis Confusion), a political critique of Gandhis politics. Savarkar, by now, had become a committed and persuasive critic of the Gandhi-an vision of Indias future. He is also the author of poems like Sagara pran talmalala (O Great Sea, my heart aches for the motherland), and Jayostute (written in praise of freedom), one of the most moving, inspiring and patriotic works in Marathi literature. When in the Cellular jail, Savarkar was denied pen and paper. He composed and wrote his poems on the prison walls with thorns and pebbles, memorised thousands lines of his poetry for years till other prisoners returning home brought them to India. Savarkar is credited with several popular neologisms in Marathi and Hindi, like Hutatma(Martyr),Mahapaur ( Mayor),Digdarshak (leader or director, one who points in the right direction), Shatkar (a score of six runs in cricket), Saptahik (weekly), Sansad (Parliament), doordhwani (telephone), tanklekhan (typewriting) among others. He chaired Marathi Sahitya Sammelan in 1938. Books by Savarkar: Saha Soneri Paane (translation: Six Glorious Epochs of Indian History [29]) 1857 che Svatantrya Samar Hindupadpaatshahi Hindutva Jatyochhedak Nibandha Moplyanche Banda Maazi Janmathep (translation: My life imprisonment) Kale Pani Shatruchya Shibirat Londonchi batamipatre (translation: London Newsletters) Andamanchya Andheritun Vidnyan nishtha Nibandha Joseph Mazzini (on Giuseppe Mazzini) Hindurashtra Darshan Hindutvache Panchapran Kamala Savarkaranchya Kavita (translation: Poems by Savarkar) Sanyasta Khadg All these Books are available as Free E-Books (PDF) on[30] Arrest and acquittal in Gandhis assassination[edit] A group photo of people accused in the Mahatma Gandhis murder case. Standing: Shankar Kistaiya, Gopal Godse, Madanlal Pahwa, Digambar Badge. Sitting: Narayan Apte, Vinayak D. Savarkar, Nathuram Godse, Vishnu Karkare At the Gandhi murder trial; Savarkar seated in the back. See also: Assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Following the assassination of Gandhi on 30 January 1948, police arrested the assassin Nathuram Godse and his alleged accomplices and conspirators. He was a member of the Hindu Mahasabha and RSSs Swayansevak an organisation started by among others Pundit Madan Mohan Malviya and Lala Lajpat Rai. Godse was the editor of Agrani - Hindu Rashtra a Marathi daily from Pune which was run by a company The Hindu Rashtra Prakashan Ltd. This company had contributions from such eminent persons as Gulabchand Hirachand, Bhalji Pendharkar and Jugalkishore Birla. Savarkar had invested INR15000 in the company. Savarkar a former president of the Hindu Mahasabha, was arrested on 5 February 1948, from his house in Shivaji Park, and kept under detention in the Arthur Road Prison, Mumbai. He was charged with murder, conspiracy to murder and abetment to murder. A day before his arrest, Savarkar in a public written statement, as reported in The Times of India, Mumbai dated 7 February 1948, termed Gandhis assassination a fratricidal crime, endangering Indias existence as a nascent nation.[31][32][33] The approvers testimony[edit] Godse claimed full responsibility for planning and carrying out the attack, However according to Badge the approver, on 17 January 1948, Nathuram Godse went to have a last darshan of Savarkar in Bombay before the assassination. While Badge and Shankar waited outside, Nathuram and Apte went in. On coming out Apte told Badge that Savarkar blessed them Yashasvi houn ya (यशस्वी होऊन या, be successful and return). Apte also said that Savarkar predicted that Gandhis 100 years were over and there was no doubt that the task would be successfully finished.[34][35] However Badges testimony was not accepted as the approvers evidence lacked independent corroboration and hence Savarkar was acquitted. Kapur commission[edit] See also: Kapur Commission On 12 November 1964, a religious programme was organised in Pune, to celebrate the release of Gopal Godse, Madanlal Pahwa, Vishnu Karkare from jail after the expiry of their sentences. Dr. G. V. Ketkar, grandson of Bal Gangadhar Tilak,[36] former editor of Kesari and then editor of Tarun Bharat, who presided over the function, gave information of a conspiracy to kill Gandhi, about which he professed knowledge, six months before the act. Ketkar was arrested. A public furore ensued both outside and inside the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and both houses of the Indian parliament. Under pressure of 29 members of parliament and public opinion the then Union home minister Gulzarilal Nanda, appointed Gopal Swarup Pathak, M. P. and a senior advocate of the Supreme Court of India, in charge of inquiry of conspiracy to murder Gandhi. The central government intended on conducting a thorough inquiry with the help of old records in consultation with the government of Maharashtra, Pathak was given three months to conduct his inquiry, subsequently Jevanlal Kapur a retired judge of the Supreme Court of India was appointed to conduct the inquiry.[37] The Kapur Commission was provided with evidence not produced in the court; especially the testimony of two of Savarkars close aides - Appa Ramachandra Kasar, his bodyguard, and Gajanan Vishnu Damle, his secretary,[38] Kasar told the Kapur Commission that Godse and Apte visited Savarkar on or about 23 or 24 January, which was when they returned from Delhi after the bomb incident. Damle deposed that Godse and Apte saw Savarkar in the middle of January and sat with him (Savarkar) in his garden. Justice Kapur concluded: All these facts taken together were destructive of any theory other than the conspiracy to murder by Savarkar and his group.[39][40][41] Later life and death[edit] After Gandhis assassination Savarkars home in Mumbai was stoned by angry mobs.[14] After he was acquitted of the allegations related to Gandhis assassination and released from jail, Savarkar was arrested by the Congress government, for making militant Hindu nationalist speeches, he was released after agreeing to give up political activities. He continued addressing social and cultural elements of Hindutva. He resumed political activism after the ban on it was lifted, it was however limited until his death in 1966 because of ill health. His followers bestowed upon him honours and financial awards when he was alive. His body was visited by over a hundred thousand[clarification needed] people, when it lay in repose. Two thousand RSS workers gave his funeral procession a guard of honour. According to McKean, there was public antipathy between Savarkar and the Congress for most of his political career, yet after independence Patel and Deshmukh unsuccessfully sought partnership with the Hindu Mahasabha and Savarkar. It was forbidden for Congress party members to participate in public functions honouring Savarkar. Nehru refused to share the stage during the centenary celebrations of the Indias First War of Independence held in Delhi. After the death of Nehru, the Congress government, under Prime Minister Shastri, started to pay him a monthly pension.[42] On 8 November 1963 Savarkars wife Yamuna passed away. On 1 February 1966 Savarkar renounced medicines, food and water which he termed as atmaarpan (fast until death). Before his death he had written an article titled atmahatya nahi atmaarpan in which he argued that when ones life mission is over and ability to serve the society is left no more, it is better to end the life at will rather than waiting for death. He died on 26 February 1966 at the age of 83. He was mourned by large crowds that attended his cremation. He left behind a son Vishwas and a daughter Prabha Chiplunkar. His first son, Prabhakar, had died in infancy. His home, possessions and other personal relics have been preserved for public display. After his death, since Savarkar was championing militarisation, some thought that it would be fitting if his mortal remains were to be carried on a gun-carriage. A request to that effect was made to the then Defence Minister, Y.B. Chavan, who later on became Deputy Prime Minister of India. But Chavan turned down the proposal and not a single minister from the Maharashtra Cabinet showed up in the cremation ground to pay homage to Savarkar. In New Delhi, the Speaker of the Parliament turned down a request that it pay homage to Savarkar. In fact, after the independence of India, Jawaharlal Nehru had put forward a proposal to demolish the Cellular Jail in the Andamans and build a hospital in its place. When Y.B. Chavan, as the Home Minister of India, went to the Andamans, he was asked whether he would like to visit Savarkars jail but he was not interested. Also when Morarji Desai went as Prime Minister to the Andamans, he too refused to visit Savarkars cell.[43] Film[edit] In the 1996 Malayalam movie Kaala Pani directed by Priyadarshan, the noted Hindi actor Annu Kapoor played the role of Veer Savarkar. Marathi and Hindi musician and a Savarkar follower Sudhir Phadke and Ved Rahi made the biopic film Veer Savarkar, which was released in 2001 after many years in production. Savarkar is portrayed by Shailendra Gaur.[44][45] This movie was made after over a decade of fund raising efforts by Sudhir Phadke and his Savarkar Darshan Prathisthaan, an organisation established solely with the purpose of depicting the life of Savarkar. The finance for the film came entirely from hundreds of Veer Savarkar followers. Phadke spent many years raising funds through his musical concerts in an effort to bring the wishes of Savarkar followers to reality. The Maharashtra Government made the movie tax free when it opened in theatres. Notes[edit] Jump up ^ Vinayak Damodar Savarkars strategic agnosticism: A compilation of his socio-political philosophy and worldview by Siegfried O. Wolf ^ Jump up to: a b Kumar, Pramod (1992). Towards Understanding Communalism. Chandigarh: Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development. p. 348. ISBN 978-81-85835-17-4. OCLC 27810012. Jump up ^ Nandy, Ashis (2003). Time Warps: The Insistent Politics of Silent and Evasive Pasts. Delhi: Orient Longman. p. 71. ISBN 978-81-7824-071-8. OCLC 49616949. Jump up ^ Chandra, Bipan (1989). Indias Struggle for Independence. New Delhi: Penguin Books India. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-14-010781-4. Jump up ^ Keer, Dhananjay (1966). Veer Savarkar. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-0-86132-182-7. OCLC 3639757. Jump up ^ Wolf, Siegfreid (January 2010). Vinayak Damodar Savarkars strategic agnostism: A compilation of his socio-political philosophy and world view.. Heidelberg papers in South Asian and comparative politics. (Heidelberg: South Asia Institute, Department of Political Science, Heidelberg University). Working paper no 51. ISSN 1617-5069. Retrieved 10 September 2010. ^ Jump up to: a b V., Sundaram (10 May 2008). remembering all the revolutionaries of 1857. News Today. Retrieved 13 June 2010. Jump up ^ How Savarkar escaped the gallows thehindu. Retrieved 3 February 2013 Jump up ^ Savarkar and Gandhi frontlineonnet. Retrieved 5 February 2013 Jump up ^ The BJP and Nathuram Godse frontlineonnet. Retrieved 5 February 2013 Jump up ^ Press Trust of India (9 June 2009). Port Blair airport gets Rs 450 cr quake-proof makeover. Business Standard. Retrieved 20 February 2010. Jump up ^ Search Blue Plaques. Historic Building and Monuments Commission for England. Retrieved 13 June 2010. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Lal, Vinay (22 October 2006). Veer Savarkar - Ideologue of Hindutva (PHP). Retrieved 22 October 2006. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Diwanji, Amberish (28 July 2006). Who was Veer Savarkar? - Rediff (PHP). Archived from the original on 13 May 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2006. Jump up ^ GOLDIE, LOUIS (1972). LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE REFUSAL OF ASYLUM BY U.S. COAST GUARD ON 23 NOVEMBER, 1970. LITHUANIAN QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. LITUANUS Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 19 April 2011. Jump up ^ Hindu case at Hague: Question between France and England over extradition of student. The New York Times. 15 February 1911. Retrieved 2011-04-20. Jump up ^ books.google.co.in/books/about/Veer_Savarkar_Father_of_Hindu_Nationalis.html?id=1J3uk3x_k6sC&redir_esc=y Jump up ^ Joglekar, J. D. VEER SAVARKAR VINDICATED: A reply to a Marxist Calumny. Hindu Vivek Kendra Publications. Hindu Vivek Kendra. Retrieved 20 February 2010. Jump up ^ Origin of classical name for India - Bharata-Varsha or Bharata-Khanda, used in Sanskrit literature. Dlshq.org. Retrieved 28 September 2012. Jump up ^ Feb 26-Atmasamarpan divas of Veer Savarkar. Haindavakeralam. Retrieved 28 September 2012. Jump up ^ Savarkar, Vinayak D. (1923). Who is a Hindu. Essentials of Hindutva. Ratnagiri. Jump up ^ Dhananjay Keer (1990). Dr. Ambedkar: life and mission. Popular Prakashan. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-81-7154-237-6. Retrieved 4 March 2012. Jump up ^ Jai Narain Sharma (1 January 2008). Encyclopaedia of eminent thinkers. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 22–. ISBN 978-81-8069-492-9. Retrieved 4 March 2012. Jump up ^ Gyanendra Pandey (2006). Routine violence: nations, fragments, histories. Stanford University Press. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-0-8047-5264-0. Retrieved 3 March 2012. Jump up ^ Stephen N Hay, William Theodore De Bary; William Theodore De Bary (May 1988). Sources of Indian Tradition. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd). pp. 880–. ISBN 978-81-208-0467-8. Retrieved 3 March 2012. Jump up ^ Bhargava, G.S. Apotheosis of Jinnah?. The Tribune, Chandigarh. Retrieved 23 February 2010. Jump up ^ Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (1945). Pakistan or the Partition of India. Mumbai: Thackers. Jump up ^ Savarkar, Vinayak. GLAD TO NOTE THAT INDEPENDENT JEWISH STATE IS ESTABLISHED. Historic statements - Veer Savarkar. docstoc. Retrieved 23 February 2010. Jump up ^ Six Glorious Epochs of Indian History (PDF). Dropbox. Retrieved 26 February 2013. Jump up ^ :: Swatantryaveer Savarakar Smarak ::. Savarkarsmarak. Retrieved 8 March 2012. Jump up ^ Charges Framed against Savarkar and other accused. savarkar.org. Retrieved 2 September 2010. Jump up ^ Written Statement of Savarkar. savarkar.org. Retrieved 2 September 2010. Jump up ^ Malgaokar, Manohar. AUTHOR’S NOTE TO THE FIRST EDITION. indiaclub. Retrieved 2 September 2010. Jump up ^ Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani (2002) Savarkar and Hindutva: the Godse connection LeftWord Books, ISBN 81-87496-28-2, ISBN 978-81-87496-28-1 p. 4 & 114 Jump up ^ Mahatma Gandhi--the last phase, Volume 2 Navajivan Pub. House, 1958 p.752 Jump up ^ Interview: K. Ketkar. University of Cambridge, Centre of South Asian Studies. Retrieved August 29, 2009. Jump up ^ Jain, Jagdishchandra (1987). Gandhi the forgotten Mahatma. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. ISBN 81-7099-037-8. Jump up ^ Noorani, A. G. (2003, 15–28 March). Savarkar and Gandhi. The Hindu. Retrieved 29 August 2009. Jump up ^ A.G. NOORANI Savarkar and Gandhi Frontline Volume 20 - Issue 06, 15–28 March 2003 Jump up ^ Rajesh Ramchandran The Mastermind? Outlook Magazine 6 September 2004 Jump up ^ Raina, Badri (29 August 2004). RSS and the Gandhi murder.. Peoples democracy. (Communist Party of India (Marxist)). Retrieved 1 October 2009. Jump up ^ Lise McKean (15 May 1996). Divine enterprise: Gurus and the Hindu Nationalist Movement. University of Chicago Press. pp. 94–. ISBN 978-0-226-56010-6. Retrieved 3 March 2012. Jump up ^ J. Kuruvachira (2006) Hindu nationalists of modern India: a critical study of the intellectual genealogy of Hindutva Rawat Publications. ISBN 81-7033-995-2, ISBN 978-81-7033-995-3 Jump up ^ imdb/title/tt0303187 Jump up ^ Cut to Cut. rediff. 6 September 2001. Retrieved 8 March 2012. References[edit] Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Savarkar Samagra: Complete Works of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 10 volumes,ISBN 81-7315-331-0 Hindutva by Veer Savarkar Dhananjay Keer, Veer Savarkar. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1966. Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar. The Indian War of Independence, 1857. New Delhi: Rajdhani Granthnagar, 1970; 1st ed., 1908. Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar. Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? Nagpur, 1928. Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar. Hindu Rashtra Darshan: A Collection of Presidential Speeches Delivered from the Hindu Mahasabha Platform. Bombay: Khare, 1949. Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar. Six Glorious Epochs of Indian History. Trans. and ed. S. T. Godbole. Bombay: Veer Savarkar Prakashan, 1985. Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar. My Transportation for Life. Trans. V. N. Naik. Bombay: Veer Savarkar Prakashan, 1984; 1st ed., 1949. Five stormy years : Savarkar in London, June 1906-June 1911 : a centenary salute to Swatantrayaveer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, b. 28 May 1883-d. 26 February 1966 / by Harindra Srivastava Harindra Srivastava, Five stormy years : Savarkar in London, June 1906-June 1911 : a centenary salute to Swatantrayaveer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, b. 28 May 1883-d. 26 February 1966, ISBN 978-0-8364-1470-7, OCLC 234299389 External links[edit] Official Website of Savarkar National Memorial Documentary on Savarkar [show] v t e Indian independence movement [show] v t e Hindu reform movements [show] v t e India House Authority control WorldCat VIAF: 7477018 LCCN: n50029006 ISNI: 0000 0003 6851 2769 GND: 119383608 BNF: cb12411677t Categories: Indian independence activistsMarathi peopleMarathi-language writersMarathi poetsHindutvaHindu revivalistsIndia HousePeople acquitted of murderDeaths by euthanasia1883 births1966 deathsIndian atheistsIndian HindusPrisoners and detainees of British IndiaContemporary Indian philosophersIndian philosophers19th-century Indian peopleIndian revolutionaries Navigation menu Create accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView history Search Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikimedia Shop Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools Print/export Languages বাংলা Deutsch Español हिन्दी ಕನ್ನಡ Latina മലയാളം मराठी नेपाल भाषा Norsk bokmål Português Русский संस्कृतम् Svenska தமிழ் Edit links This page was last modified on 4 February 2014 at 12:42. 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