Written part: 3g Networking Introduction: Internet and networking is the greatest invention of 21st century which fulfills the demand of our needs in virtual world. Whenever we need any kind of information, we can easily get all by surfing, browsing and downloading. And 3G is that type of networking which helps us to get all those swiftly. It is a set of technologies and standards that include W-CDMA, WLAN and cellular radio, among others. However, many services advertised as 3G provide higher speed than the minimum technical requirements for a 3G service. Definition of 3G: 3G is the third generation of wireless technologies. It comes with enhancements over previous wireless technologies, like high-speed transmission, advanced multimedia access and global roaming. Origin: A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non–backward-compatible transmission technology. Just like the same,3G follows a pattern of Gs that started in the early 1990s by the ITU. The pattern is actually a wireless initiative called the IMT-2000 (International Mobile Communications 2000). 3G therefore comes just after 2G and 2.5G, the second generation technologies. 2G technologies include, among others, the Global System for Mobile (GSM) - the famous mobile phone technology we use today. History: 3G technology is the result of research and development work carried out by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the early 1980s. 3G specifications and standards were developed in fifteen years. The technical specifications were made available to the public under the name IMT-2000. The communication spectrum between 400 MHz to 3 GHz was allocated for 3G. Overview: Several telecommunications companies market wireless mobile Internet services as 3G, indicating that the advertised service is provided over a 3G wireless network. Services advertised as 3G are required to meet IMT-2000 technical standards, including standards for reliability and speed (data transfer rates). To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s (about 0.2 Mbit/s). Detailed breakdown of 3G systems: The 3G (UMTS and CDMA2000) research and development projects started in 1992. In 1999, ITU approved five radio interfaces for IMT-2000 as a part of the ITU-R M.1457 Recommendation; WiMAX was added in 2007. Usage: 3G is mostly used with mobile phones and handsets as a means to connect the phone to the Internet or other IP networks in order to make voice and video calls, to download and upload data and to surf the net. How is 3G Better? 3G has the following enhancements over 2.5G and previous networks: * Several times higher data speed; * Enhanced audio and video streaming; * Video-conferencing support; * Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds; * IPTV (TV through the Internet) support 3G Technical Specifications: The transfer rate for 3G networks is between 128 and 144 kbps (kilobits per second) for devices that are moving fast and 384 kbps for slow ones(like for pedestrians). For fixed wireless LANs, the speed goes beyond 2 Mbps. Approval: Both the government and communication companies approved the 3G standard. Launched: The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 1998, branded as FOMA. It was first available in May 2001 as a pre-release (test) of W-CDMA technology. Commercial launch: The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although it was initially somewhat limited in scope; broader availability of the system was delayed by apparent concerns over its reliability. Market penetration: By June 2007, the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. This is only 6.7% of the 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide. Applications of 3G: The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not previously available to mobile phone users. Some of the applications are: • Mobile TV • Video on demand • Video Conferencing • Telemedicine • Location-based services • Global Positioning System (GPS) Security: 3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block cipher instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher. 3G Auction: The auction for 3G mobile license ended with RCom, Bharti and Aircel bagging 13 circles each, and will leave the government with an Rs 67,710 crore revenue windfall. However, no single operator managed to bag all 22 circles on offer — the total bid price for which touched Rs 16,750.58 crore on. In Bangladesh Grameen Phone, Banglalink, Teletalk, Robi, Airtel have taken 3g license and offered 3g services to people of ours. Conclusion: In sum up, we can say in technological tune, we treat 3g as a boon of us. But 3g package is costly for people to buy. So, government and teletalk authority should come to minimize 3g package rate whereas all can sit under the umbrella of technology.
Posted on: Fri, 05 Sep 2014 08:38:46 +0000
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