freemason in search of overlords old money and royals by matthias david todd freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti-masonry/index.html this web site is crap. but old cryptology and ciphers are public information, or old spy networks of England and such countries. bibliotecapleyades.net/sumer_anunnaki/reptiles/reptiles08.htm this site can be very good source of European history 1,000 -present. some of this information is held catholic church book archives which people like my dad read but the catholic church knights of templar were bankers and the church would record what ships set sail with gold from one country to the next. freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/robison-barruel.html the illuminati which would now be defined by the American government as a terrorist origination like ISIS en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto this man would be a Asian Illuminati and his order member is on his military, or another way of saying that this man would be a mafia overlord and corporation CEO as well. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Chrysanthemum Decorations[edit] The Breast Star of the Order of the Chrysanthemum Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun Paulownia Blossoms Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure Order of the Golden Kite (1st class) Order of the Golden Kite (2nd class) Knights Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords //////////////////////////////////// The Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (大勲位菊花章 Dai-kuni kikka-shō?, literally Grand Order of the Badge of the Chrysanthemums) is Japans highest order. The Grand Cordon of the Order was established in 1876 byEmperor Meiji of Japan; the collar of the Order was added on January 4, 1888. Although technically the order has only one class, it can either be awarded with collar, meaning on a chain, or with grand cordon, accompanied by a sash. Unlike its European counterparts, the order may be conferred posthumously. Apart from the Imperial Family, only six Japanese citizens have ever been decorated with the collar in their lifetimes; the last such award was to formerPrime Minister Saionji Kinmochi in 1928. Seven others have been posthumously decorated with the collar; the last such award was to former Prime Minister Sato Eisaku in 1975. Today, only the reigning Emperor holds this dignity as sovereign of the order; however, exceptions are made for foreign heads of state, who can be awarded the collar in friendship. The grand cordon is the highest possible honour a Japanese citizen can be awarded during his lifetime. Aside from the Imperial Family, 21 grand cordons have been awarded to living citizens and 29 to the deceased. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Habsburg ////////////////////////////////////////// below is the mafia orders of ranking system out in the open all around the world..lol en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Lagarde en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honour Ordre de la Légion dhonneur streamer Grand-Croix Grand-Officier Commandeur Officier Chevalier Ribbon bars of the order ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Hayden_(general) Michael Vincent Hayden (born March 17, 1945) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general and former Director of the National Security Agency andDirector of the Central Intelligence Agency. From April 21, 2005 to May 26, 2006 he was the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, a position which once made him the highest-ranking military intelligence officer in the armed forces.[1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Australia • Knight and Dame of the Order of Australia (AK and AD – General Division only – quota of 4 per annum);[1][3][4] • Companion of the Order of Australia (AC – quota of 30 per annum);[4] • Officer of the Order of Australia (AO – quota of 125 per annum);[4] • Member of the Order of Australia (AM – quota of 300 per annum);[4] and • Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM – no quota).[5] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_National_Security_Merit_(Korea) /////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalashnikov en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_St._Andrew en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_St._Andrew#mediaviewer/File:Badge_to_Order_St_Andrew_both_sides.jpg ///////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_Due mafia connections en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gladio en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam_%E2%80%93_Studies_and_Observations_Group en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_CIA_drug_trafficking en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Seal https://youtube/watch?v=bsU9_RhBmio \ https://youtube/watch?v=NhsW_P8LUNY https://youtube/watch?v=DMjvUt9NIV4 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academi //////////////////////////////////////////// a good start on pointing fingers on who really was behind 9/11 maybe another book I could help write, co write that is with someone with PhD background in physics. watch these movies with a grain or salt and a lot of doubt and come up with your own opinions https://youtube/results?search_query=birth+of+treason https://youtube/watch?v=eem7d58gjno https://youtube/watch?v=9l7JqonyoKA https://youtube/watch?v=bubrZqLi_Sw https://youtube/watch?v=AS67HZR8Ogo /////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////// yorkrite/degrees/ good website for links on real connection of other Among prominent alumni are former President and Supreme Court Justice William Howard Taft (a founders son); former Presidents George H. W. Bush and his son, George W. Bush; Supreme Court Justices Morrison R. Waite and Potter Stewart;[19] James Jesus Angleton, mother of the Central Intelligence Agency; Henry Stimson, U.S. Secretary of War (1940-1945); U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert A. Lovett, who directed the Korean War; and Henry Luce, founder and publisher ofTime, Life, Fortune, and Sports Illustrated magazines.[citation needed] John Kerry, U.S. Secretary of State and former U.S. Senator; Stephen A. Schwarzman, founder of Blackstone Group; Austan Goolsbee,[20] Chairman of Barack Obamas Council of Economic Advisers; Harold Stanley, co-founder of Morgan Stanley; andFrederick W. Smith, founder of FedEx, are all reported to be members ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship and scull crossbones....i never joined a fraternity in college thank god. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedlec_Ossuary Sedlec Ossuary From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Sedlec ossuary) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2013) Coordinates: 49°57′43.04″N 15°17′17.85″E Chapel Interior The Sedlec Ossuary (Czech: Kostnice v Sedlci) is a small Roman Catholic chapel, located beneath the Cemetery Church of All Saints (Czech: Hřbitovní kostel Všech Svatých) in Sedlec, a suburb of Kutná Hora in the Czech Republic. The ossuary is estimated to contain the skeletons of between 40,000 and 70,000 people, whose bones have in many cases been artistically arranged to form decorations and furnishings for the chapel. The ossuary is among the most visited tourist attractions of the Czech Republic, attracting over 200,000 visitors yearly.[1] Four enormous bell-shaped mounds occupy the corners of the chapel. An enormouschandelier of bones, which contains at least one of every bone in the human body, hangs from the center of the nave with garlands of skulls draping the vault. Other works include piers and monstrances flanking the altar, a large Schwarzenberg coat of arms, and the signature of Rint, also executed in bone, on the wall near the entrance. Contents [hide] • 1 History • 2 In media • 3 See also • 4 References • 5 External links History[edit] Chapel Exterior In 1278, Henry, the abbot of the Cistercian monastery in Sedlec, was sent to the Holy Land by King Otakar II of Bohemia. He returned with him a small amount of earth he had removed from Golgotha and sprinkled it over the abbey cemetery. The word of this pious act soon spread and the cemetery in Sedlec became a desirable burial site throughout Central Europe. In the mid 14th century, during the Black Death, and after the Hussite Wars in the early 15th century, many thousands were buried in the abbey cemetery, so it had to be greatly enlarged. Around 1400, a Gothic church was built in the center of the cemetery with a vaultedupper level and a lower chapel to be used as an ossuary for the mass graves unearthed during construction, or simply slated for demolition to make room for new burials. After 1511, the task of exhuming skeletons and stacking their bones in the chapel was given to a half-blind monk of the order. Between 1703 and 1710, a new entrance was constructed to support the front wall, which was leaning outward, and the upper chapel was rebuilt. This work, in the Czech Baroque style, was designed by Jan Santini Aichel. In 1870, František Rint, a woodcarver, was employed by the Schwarzenberg family to put the bone heaps into order, yielding a macabre result. In media[edit] In 1970, the centenary of Rints contributions, Czech filmmaker Jan Švankmajer was commissioned to document the ossuary. The result was a 10 minute long frantic-cut film of skeletal images overdubbed with an actual tour-guides neutral voice narration. This version was initially banned by the Czech Communist authorities for alleged subversion, and the soundtrack was replaced by a brief spoken introduction and a jazz arrangement by Zdeněk Liška of the poem Comment dessiner le portrait dun oiseau (How to Draw the Portrait of a Bird) by Jacques Prévert. Since the Velvet Revolution, the original tour guide soundtrack has been made available. In the documentary Long Way Round, Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman stop to see this church. Dan Cruickshank also views the church in his Adventures in Architecture. The ossuary is a major plot device in the John Connolly novel The Black Angel. The ossuary is used as a location for the Dungeons & Dragons movie [2] and the movie Blood & Chocolate. The ossuary was also featured in Ripleys Believe it or Not and is described by Cara Seymour in the final scene of the filmAdaptation. The ossuary was also the influence for Dr. Satans lair in the Rob Zombie film House of 1000 Corpses.[3] The ossuary was also the influence for Make Believes album entitled Going to the Bone Church. • The Sedlec Ossuary • Entrance • Signature of F. Rint written with bones • A close up of a decoration • Schwarzenberg coat-of-arms made with bones • Chandelier made of bones and skulls • Coins left as offering See also[edit] • Capela dos Ossos • Capuchin Crypt • Skull Chapel in Czermna • Skull Tower References[edit] 1. Jump up^ NIPOS: Statistika kultury 2009 - I. díl - kulturní dědictví (muzea, galerie a památkové objekty) 2. Jump up^ My Czech Republic. My Czech Republic. Retrieved 20 July 2012. 3. Jump up^ Jan Strusiewicz, Cezary (27 October 2009). The 6 Creepiest Places on Earth. Cracked. Retrieved 12 July 2012. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sedlec Ossuary. • Official website (cz, en, de) Categories: • Ossuaries • World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic • Kutná Hora • Roman Catholic cemeteries • Cemeteries in the Czech Republic • Human trophy collecting • Visionary environments • Buildings and structures in the Central Bohemian Region • Visitor attractions in the Central Bohemian Region ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Concezione_dei_Cappuccini Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010) Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini Front second ossuarys chaptel. Side second ossuarys chaptel. Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini, or Our Lady of the Conception of the Capuchins, is a church in Rome, Italy, commissioned in 1626 by Pope Urban VIII, whose brother, Antonio Barberini, was a Capuchin friar. It is located at Via Veneto, close to Piazza Barberini.[1] Contents [hide] • 1 Crypt • 2 Interior • 3 Capuchin crypt and ossuary • 4 Literary references • 5 See also • 6 References • 7 External links Crypt[edit] The crypt is located just under the church. Cardinal Antonio Barberini, who was a member of the Capuchin order, in 1631 ordered the remains of thousands of Capuchin friars exhumed and transferred from the friary Via dei Lucchesi to the crypt. The bones were arranged along the walls, and the friars began to bury their own dead here, as well as the bodies of poor Romans, whose tomb was under the floor of the present Mass chapel. Here the Capuchins would come to pray and reflect each evening before retiring for the night. The crypt, or ossuary, now contains the remains of 4,000 friars buried between 1500 and 1870, during which time the Roman Catholic Church permitted burial in and under churches. The underground crypt is divided into five chapels, lit only by dim natural light seeping in through cracks, and small fluorescent lamps. The crypt walls are decorated with the remains in elaborate fashion, making this crypt a macabre work of art. Some of the skeletons are intact and draped with Franciscan habits, but for the most part, individual bones are used to create elaborate ornamental designs. The crypt originated at a period of a rich and creative cult for their dead; great spiritual masters meditated and preached with a skull in hand. A plaque in one of the chapels reads, in three languages, What you are now, we once were; what we are now, you shall be. This is a memento mori. Interior[edit] The Archangel Michael, painted byGuido Reni. The church was designed by Antonio Casoni and built between 1626 and 1631. It comprises a small nave and several side chapels. The chapels are notable as one contains the body of St. Felix of Cantalice and another is the tomb of the Blessed Crispin of Viterbo. The first chapel has a dramatic altarpiece of St. Michael the Archangel (c.1635) by Guido Reni, and Gherardo delle Nottis Christ Mocked. The second chapel has a Transfiguration by Mario Balassi, and a Nativity (c. 1632) by Lanfranco. The third chapel has a Saint Francis receives stigmata by Domenichino. The fourth chapel houses a Prayer in the Gesthemane (c. 1632) by Baccio Ciarpi. In the fifth chapel is a Saint Anthony by Sacchi, who also painted theApparition of the Virgin (1645) to Saint Bonaventure in the fifth chapel on the left. The tomb monument for Alexander Sobieski was sculpted by Camillo Rusconi. The third chapel has aDeposition by Andrea Camassei and a Stigmatization of Saint Francis (c. 1570) by Girolamo Muziano. The second chapel has a Santa Felice da Cantalice by Alessandro Turchi, while the first has a painting of Saint Paul restores vision (c. 1631) byPietro da Cortona. Capuchin crypt and ossuary[edit] See also: Capuchin Crypt The church is most famous as an ossuary, known as the Capuchin Crypt, in which is displayed the bones of over 4,000 Capuchin friars, collected between the years of 1528 and 1870. The bones are fashioned into decorative displays in the Baroque and Rococo style. The popularity of the crypt as a tourist attraction once rivalled the Catacombs. The Sedlec ossuary(1870) in the Czech Republic and the Skull Chapel in Poland are said to have been inspired by it. • • Literary references[edit] Several renowned authors visited the crypt and left descriptions. The Marquis de Sade, who visited the crypt in 1775, wrote, “I have never seen anything more striking” (Voyage dItalie, p. 106 of the Maurice Lever edition). Mark Twain visited the crypt in the summer of 1867, and begins Chapter XXVIII of The Innocents Abroad with 5 pages of his observations. Nathaniel Hawthorne describes the crypt in his novel The Marble Faun. Additional descriptions were written by authors Tom Weil (1992), Folke Henschen (1965) and Anneli Rufus (1999). See Christine Quigley, Skulls and Skeletons, pp. 175–176. See also[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Santa Maria Immacolata a via Veneto (Rome). • Skull Chapel in Czermna • Sedlec Ossuary • Tzompantli • Capela dos Ossos References[edit] 1. Jump up^ Rendina, Claudio (1999). Enciclopedia di Roma. Newton Compton. External links[edit] • Official website (italian) Coordinates: 41°54′16.7″N 12°29′19.2″E Categories: • Roman Catholic churches in Rome • 1630s architecture • Ossuaries • Roman Catholic congregations established in the 17th century • House of Barberini • Visionary environments ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull_Chapel,_Czermna Skull Chapel, Czermna From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Skull Chapel in Czermna) Exterior of the chapel The Skull Chapel (Kaplica Czaszek) or St. Bartholomews Church[1] in Czermna is a chapel located in Kudowa-Zdrój, part of the Czech Corner in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. Contents [hide] • 1 History • 2 Gallery • 3 See also • 4 References • 5 External links History[edit] The chapel was built in 1776 by the Czech local parish priest Wacław Tomaszek. It is the mass grave of people who died during the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), three Silesian Wars (1740–1763), as well as of people who died because ofcholera epidemics, plague, syphilis and hunger.[2] Together with J. Schmidt and grave digger J. Langer, father Tomaszek who was inspired by the Capuchin cemetery while on a pilgrimage to Rome, collected the casualties’ bones, cleaned and put them in the chapel within 18 years (from 1776 to 1794).[3] Walls of this small, baroque church are filled with three thousand skulls, and there are also bones of another 21 thousand people interred in the basement. The skulls of people who built the chapel, including father Tomaszek, were placed in the center of the building and on the altar in 1804. Inside are a crucifix and two carvings of angels, one with a Latin inscription that reads Arise from the Dead are among the bones.[4] A recording inside the church available in three languages (Polish, Czech and German) explains the history of the Chapel.[1] It is the only such monument in Poland, and one of six in Europe.[5] It is situated in one of the oldest villages in Kłodzko County, near Kudowa Zdrój, in the Lower Silesia, Poland. Gallery[edit] • • • • • • • • See also[edit] • Sedlec Ossuary • Tzompantli • Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini • Capela dos Ossos References[edit] 1. ^ Jump up to:a b Kaplica Czaszek: The Chapel of Skulls | Atlas Obscura 2. Jump up^ This Creepily Beautiful Chapel in Czermna, Poland, Is Constructed Out of Thousands of Human Bones | Travel | Smithsonian 3. Jump up^ Human Bone Chapel in Poland - YouTube 4. Jump up^ Eerie Skull Chapel in Poland Made of 3,000 Bones (PHOTOS) - weather 5. Jump up^ Czermna Chapel of Skulls « Inhabitat – Sustainable Design Innovation, Eco Architecture, Green Building External links[edit] • poland.gov.pl/Skull,Chapel,8372.html • kudowa.zdroj.pl/abc/turystyka/kudowa/czermna.htm • naszesudety.pl/?p=artykulyShow&iArtykul=714 Coordinates: 50.4515°N 16.2419°E This article about a Roman Catholic church building in Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Categories: • Religious buildings completed in 1776 • Chapels in Poland • Kłodzko County • Ossuaries • Buildings and structures in Lower Silesian Voivodeship • Churches in Lower Silesian Voivodeship • Visionary environments • Europe Roman Catholic church stubs • Polish church stubs ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull_Chapel,_Czermna#mediaviewer/File:Kostnice_ve_Velk%C3%A9_%C4%8Cermn%C3%A9.jpg EYE ON BUILDING same as DOLLAR BILL Eye of Horus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the ancient Egyptian symbol. For the video game, see Eye of Horus (video game). The Wedjat, later called The Eye of Horus An Eye of Horus or Wedjat pendant The Eye of Horus is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection, royal power and good health. The eye is personified in the goddess Wadjet (also written as Wedjat,[1][2][3] or Udjat,[4] Uadjet, Wedjoyet, Edjo or Uto[5]). It is also known as The Eye of Ra.[6] The name Wadjet is derived from wadj meaning green, hence the green one, and was known to the Greeks and Romans as uraeus from the Egyptian iaret meaning risen one from the image of a cobra rising up in protection.[7] Wadjet was one of the earliest of Egyptian deities who later became associated with other goddesses such asBast, Sekhmet, Mut, and Hathor. She was the tutelary deity of Lower Egypt and the major Delta shrine the per-nu was under her protection.[7] Hathor is also depicted with this eye.[8] Funerary amulets were often made in the shape of the Eye of Horus. The Wadjet or Eye of Horus is the central element of seven gold, faience, carnelian and lapis lazuli bracelets found on the mummy of Shoshenq II.[3] The Wedjat was intended to protect the pharaoh [here] in the afterlife[3] and to ward off evil. Ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern sailors would frequently paint the symbol on the bow of their vessel to ensure safe sea travel.[9] Contents [hide] • 1 Horus • 2 As hieroglyph and symbol • 3 Mathematics • 4 Gallery • 5 References • 6 External links Horus[edit] Horus was the ancient Egyptian sky god who was usually depicted as a falcon, most likely a lanner or peregrine falcon.[10] His right eye was associated with the sun god, Ra. The eye symbol represents the marking around the eye of the falcon, including the teardrop marking sometimes found below the eye. The mirror image, or left eye, sometimes represented the moon and the god Djehuti (Thoth).[11] wedjet – Eye of Horus in hieroglyphs In one myth, when Set and Horus were fighting for the throne after Osiriss death, Set gouged out Horuss left eye. The majority of the eye was restored by either Hathor or Thoth (with the last portion possibly being supplied magically). When Horuss eye was recovered, he offered it to his father,Osiris, in hopes of restoring his life. Hence, the eye of Horus was often used to symbolise sacrifice, healing, restoration, and protection.[12] As hieroglyph and symbol[edit] There are seven different hieroglyphs used to represent the eye, most commonly ir.t in Egyptian, which also has the meaning to make or do or one who does.[5] In Egyptian myth the eye was not the passive organ of sight but more an agent of action, protection or wrath. Mathematics[edit] Arithmetic values represented by parts of the Eye of Horus Fractions drawn as portions of a square. Further information: Egyptian fraction and 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + • • • In Ancient Egyptian most fractions were written as the sum of two or more unit fractions (a fraction with 1 as the numerator), with scribes possessing tables of answers (see Rhind Mathematical Papyrus 2/n table).[13] Thus instead of 3/4, one would write 1/2 + 1/4. Different parts of the Eye of Horus were thought to be used by the ancient Egyptians to represent one divided by the first six powers of two:[14] The right side of the eye = 1/2 The pupil = 1/4 The eyebrow = 1/8 The left side of the eye = 1/16 The curved tail = 1/32 The teardrop = 1/64 The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus contains tables of Horus Eye Fractions.[15] Studies from the 1970s to this day in Egyptian mathematics have clearly shown this theory was fallacious and Jim Ritter definitely showed it to be false in 2003.[16] The evolution of the symbols used in mathematics, although similar to the different parts of the Eye of Horus, is now known to be distinct. Gallery[edit] • Wooden case decorated with bronze, silver, ivory and gold • Faience vessel, Besholding Eyes • Collection of amulets in the British MuseumRoom 62 • Earthenware Wedjat amulet on display at theLouvre, c. 500–300 BCE • Scarab. The Walters Art Museum • Hathor showing her sacred eye inherited from Wedjat—depicted in the Papyrus of Ani References[edit] 1. Jump up^ Pommerening, Tanja, Die altägyptischen Hohlmaße (Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, Beiheft 10), Hamburg, Helmut Buske Verlag, 2005 2. Jump up^ Stokstad, Marilyn (2007). Chapter 3: Art of Ancient Egypt. Art History. Volume 1 (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780131743205. OCLC 238783244. 3. ^ Jump up to:a b c Silverman, David P. Chapter 14 Egyptian Art. Ancient Egypt. Duncan Baird Publishers, 1997. p.228 4. Jump up^ Alessandro Bongioanni & Maria Croce (ed.), The Treasures of Ancient Egypt: From the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Universe Publishing, a division of Rizzoli Publications Inc., 2003. p.622. According to the editors, Udjat was the term for amulets which used the Eye of Horus design. 5. ^ Jump up to:a b Butler, Edward P. Wadjet. Goddesses and Gods of the Ancient Egyptians: A Theological Encyclopedia. Henadology: Philosophy and Theology. Retrieved October 4, 2010. 6. Jump up^ Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache 1, 268.13 7. ^ Jump up to:a b The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, George Hart ISBN 0-415-34495-6 8. Jump up^ Lady of the West. Hethert.org. Retrieved 2012-01-17. 9. Jump up^ Charles Freeman, The Legacy of Ancient Egypt, Facts on File, Inc. 1997. p.91 10. Jump up^ Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003). The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. p. 202. 11. Jump up^ Eye of Horus, Eye of Ra (Udjat, Wedjet). Symboldictionary.net. Retrieved 2012-01-17. 12. Jump up^ Pinch, Geraldine (2004). Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. pp. 131–132 13. Jump up^ Zaslavsky, Claudia (1993). Multicultural Mathematics: Interdisciplinary Cooperative-Learning Activities, p.20. ISBN 9780825121814. 14. Jump up^ Stewart, Ian (2009). Professor Stewarts Hoard of Mathematical Treasures. Profile Books. pp. 76–80. ISBN 978 1 84668 292 6. 15. Jump up^ Hilary Wilson (1995). Understanding Hieroglyphs: A Complete Introductory Guide. London: Michael Omara Books Ltd. p. 165 16. Jump up^ Jim Ritter, « Closing the Eye of Horus: the Rise and Fall of Horus-Eye Fractions », in Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the ancient Near East, ed. J. Steele and A. Imhausen, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2002, p. 297-323. See also V. Katz (ed.), The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A Sourcebook, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007 et E. Robson & J. Stedall (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eye of Horus. Categories: • Ancient Egyptian concepts • Ancient Egyptian culture • Ancient Egyptian society • Ancient Egyptian symbols • Egyptian fractions • Egyptian hieroglyphs • Egyptian hieroglyphs-Gardiner listed • Eye ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_of_Providence Eye of Providence From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia All-seeing eye redirects here. For other uses, see All-seeing eye (disambiguation). For Eye of God, see Eye of God (disambiguation). The Eye of Providence can be seen on the reverse of the Great Seal of the United States, seen here on the US $1 bill The Eye of Providence (or the all-seeing eye of God) is a symbol showing an eye often surrounded by rays of light or a glory and usually enclosed by a triangle. It is sometimes interpreted as representing the eye of God watching over humankind (ordivine providence).[1][2][3] In the modern era, the most notable depiction of the eye is the reverse of the Great Seal of the United States, which appears on the United States one-dollar bill. Contents [hide] • 1 Religious use • 2 United States • 3 Freemasonry • 4 Other uses o 4.1 Coats of arms and seals o 4.2 Currency o 4.3 Miscellaneous • 5 Pictures • 6 References • 7 External links Religious use[edit] Eye of Horusamulet, antique Many religions have used the image of an eye in their religious symbolism. One of the earliest known examples (from Egyptian mythology) is the Eye of Horus. However, the association of an eye with the concept of Divine Providence did not emerge until the Christian era.[citation needed] In Medieval and Renaissance European iconography, the Eye (often with the addition of an enclosing triangle) was an explicit image of the Christian Trinity. Seventeenth-century depictions of the Eye of Providence sometimes show it surrounded by clouds or sunbursts.[citation needed] United States[edit] Original design for theGreat Seal of the United States by Simitiere In 1782, the Eye of Providence was adopted as part of the symbolism on the reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States. It was first suggested as an element of the Great Seal by the first of three design committees in 1776 and is thought to be the suggestion of the artistic consultant, Pierre Eugene du Simitiere.[4] In his original proposal to the committee, Du Similtere placed the Eye over shields symbolizing each of the original thirteen states of the Union. On the version of the seal that was eventually approved, the Eye is positioned above an unfinished pyramid of thirteen steps (again symbolizing the original States, but incorporating the nations potential for future growth). The symbolism is explained by the motto that appears above the Eye: Annuit Coeptis, meaning He approves (or has approved) [our] undertakings. Perhaps due to its use in the design of the Great Seal, the Eye has made its way into other American seals and logos, notably the Seal of Colorado and DARPAs Information Awareness Office. It is also part of the City Seal of Kenosha, Wisconsin. Freemasonry[edit] An early Masonic version of the Eye of Providence with clouds and a semi-circular glory Today, the Eye of Providence is usually associated with Freemasonry. The Eye first appeared as part of the standard iconography of the Freemasons in 1797, with the publication of Thomas Smith Webbs Freemasons Monitor.[5] Here, it represents the all-seeing eye of God and is a reminder that a Masons thoughts and deeds are always observed by God (who is referred to in Masonry as the Great Architect of the Universe). Typically, the Masonic Eye of Providence has a semi-circular glory below the eye. Sometimes the Eye is enclosed by a triangle. Popular among conspiracy theorists is the claim that the Eye of Providence shown atop an unfinished pyramid on the Great Seal of the United States indicates the influence of Freemasonry in the founding of the United States. This was dramatized in the 2004 Disney film National Treasure. However, common Masonic use of the Eye dates to 14 years after the creation of the Great Seal. Furthermore, among the members of the various design committees for the Great Seal, only Benjamin Franklin was a Mason (and his ideas for the seal were not adopted). Indeed, many Masonic organizations have explicitly denied any connection to the creation of the Seal.[6][7] Other uses[edit] Coats of arms and seals[edit] The Eye of Providence appears on many coats of arms and official seals, such as: Coat of arms of Braslaw,Belarus • The Coat of Arms of Brasłaŭ, Belarus • The Coat of Arms of Kalvarija, Lithuania • The Coat of Arms and Flag of Plungė, Lithuania • The Coat of Arms and Flag of Šiauliai, Lithuania • Several college fraternities use the Eye of Providence in their coats of arms and/or badges, notably Delta Tau Delta, Phi Kappa Psi, Phi Delta Theta and Delta Kappa Epsilon • The seal of The University of Mississippi • The seal of The University of Chile Currency[edit] The Eye appears on the following currency: • United States one-dollar bill, as part of the Great Seal (see above) • The 50 Estonian krooni note, as part of a depiction of the pipe organ of the Käina church • The 500 Ukrainian hryvnia note Miscellaneous[edit] • On the original publication of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which also borrows iconography of the Ten Commandments • On the front page of the Serbian Constitution of 1835 • The Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg, Russia • The Salt Lake Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah • Insignia of the UK Guards Division created in 1915 • The Steve Jackson Games logo • Numerous video games, TV shows, films and other media contain depictions of the eye, often in the context of a reference to the Illuminati. Pictures[edit] • Alchemical woodcut showing the all-seeing eye floating in the sky • All-seeing eye in a Cape Dutch gable inStellenbosch, South Africa • Original seal of theDARPA Information Awareness Office • All-seeing eye on the pedestal decorations ofAlexander Column • All-seeing eye on the top of the Declaration of Human Rights (1789),French Revolution • A Christian version of the Eye of Providence, emphasizing the triangle representing the Trinity • All-seeing eye in apediment of an esoteric Christian temple inMount Ecclesia,California • All-seeing eye on the gate of Aachen Cathedral • Eye of Providence on the exterior of a cathedral in Salta,Argentina • Eye of Providence depicted on altar equipment, now in a museum in Pala, Keralastate, India • Eye of Providence depicted in the stained glass window of a church in Fifield, Wisconsin • God eye in West Ukraine (Ukrainian Carpathian) near village Mykulychyn. The inscription on the stone, translated from an old Ukrainian dialect into English reads: All will pass but Gods eye does not pass you. • A 1525 Jacopo Pontormo painting using the Eye of Providence in a triangle as a symbol of the Christian Trinity • Eye of Providence in thecanting arms of theJauch family (motto: ″Lord thou shalt guide me with thy counsel″,Psalm 73:24) References[edit] 1. Jump up^ The eye as a Christian symbol, catholic-saints 2. Jump up^ Page on the Eye as a religious symbol from Religiousfacts 3. Jump up^ Freemasonry and the All-seeing Eye. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 4. Jump up^ The Great Seal of the United States booklet, published by US Dept. of State 5. Jump up^ Eye in the Pyramid. Masonic Service Association. 6. Jump up^ Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon, Anti-masonry Frequently Asked Questions 7. Jump up^ Pietre-Stones Review of Freemasonry, The Masonic One Dollar: Fact or Fiction? by W.Bro. David Barrett External links[edit] • Media related to Eye of Providence at Wikimedia Commons Categories: • Eye • Masonic symbolism • Pictograms ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novus_ordo_seclorum Novus ordo seclorum From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The phrase Novus ordo seclorum (Latin for New order of the ages) appears on the reverse of the Great Seal of the United States, first designed in 1782 and printed on the back of the United States one-dollar bill since 1935. The phrase is sometimes mistranslated as New World Order by people who believe in a conspiracy behind the design.[1] Reverse side of the Great Seal of the United States Origin and phrase meaning[edit] The phrase is taken from the fourth Eclogue of Virgil,[2] which contains a passage (lines5-8) that reads: Latin English Ultima Cumaei venit iam carminis ætas; Now comes the final era of the Sibyls song; Magnus ab integro sæclorum nascitur ordo. The great order of the ages is born afresh. iam redit et Virgo, redeunt Saturnia regna, And now justice returns, honored rules return; iam nova progenies cælo demittitur alto. now a new lineage is sent down from high heaven. The forms saecla, saeclorum etc. were normal alternatives to the more common saecula etc. throughout the history of Latin poetry and prose. The form saeculorum is impossible in hexameter verse: the ae and o are long, the u short by position. For the medieval exchange between ae, æ and e, see Æ; the word medieval (mediæval) itself is another example.[3] Medieval Christians read Virgils poem as a prophecy of the coming of Christ. The Augustan Age, although pre-Christian, was viewed as a golden age preparing the world for the coming of Christ. The great poets of this age were viewed as a source of revelation and light upon the Christian mysteries to come.[4] The word seclorum does not mean secular, as one might assume, but is the genitive (possessive) plural form of the wordsaeculum, meaning (in this context) generation, century, or age. Saeculum did come to mean age, world in late, Christian Latin, and secular is derived from it, through secularis. However, the adjective secularis, meaning worldly, is not equivalent to the genitive plural seclorum, meaning of the ages.[5] Thus the motto Novus ordo seclorum can be translated as A new order of the ages. It was proposed by Charles Thomson, the Latin expert who was involved in the design of the Great Seal of the United States, to signify the beginning of the new American Era as of the date of the Declaration of Independence.[6] See also[edit] • Annuit cœptis • E pluribus unum • Eye of Providence References[edit] 1. Jump up^ Novus Ordo Seclorum - Origin and Meaning of the Motto Beneath the American Pyramid. GreatSeal. 2. Jump up^ Source of NOVUS ORDO SECLORUM. GreatSeal. 3. Jump up^ See declension of the second declension noun saeculum (or saeclum in its poetic form) at en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saeculum 4. Jump up^ Ann Raftery Meyer: Medieval allegory and the building of the new Jerusalem DS Brewer, 2003. ISBN 978-0-85991-796-4 5. Jump up^ Lewis and Short, A Latin Dictionary: Founded on Andrews Edition of Freunds Latin Dictionary: Revised, Enlarged, and in Great Part Rewritten by Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and Charles Short, LL.D. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1879, s. vv. 6. Jump up^ Novus Ordo Seclorum - Origin and Meaning of the Motto Beneath the American Pyramid. GreatSeal. Categories: • Latin mottos ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Posted on: Sun, 05 Oct 2014 06:51:43 +0000
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