important Commands For Linux Users From All Levels! Beginner Commands 1. find: Use this command when you need to search for files in a particular directory. It starts from the parent directory and then moves to the sub directories. The –name option makes the search case sensitive, while the –iname option searches irrespective of the case. 2. grep: You use the grep command in order to find lines in a particular file that match a given string or words. 3. man: The man command is used as the manual pager for the system. It brings online documentation for a particular command. 4. ps: This is the process command, which shows you the status of all the processes that are being run by a unique id, known as the PID. 5. kill: This command is used in order to kill a process that is not responding or is not being used. All you need is to known the process ID or PID. To find the process id, you need to run ps-A with the grep command (ps-A | grep processname). 6. whereis: When you need to locate the binary, sources and the manual page of a command you use the whereis command. 7. service: This is the command that is used in order to control the start, stop or restart function of a particular service. You do not have to restart your system in order to start, stop or restart the services. 8. alias: This is a built in shell command which is used in order to assign the name for a long command or for a frequently used command. 9. df: Use this command when you want to report the disk usage of a file system. It is quite useful for the user and also for the system admin. 10. rm: This command is used in order to remove complete files and directories from your system. Intermediate Commands 1. find: Use this command when you need to search for files in a particular directory. It starts from the parent directory and then moves to the sub directories. The –name option makes the search case sensitive, while the –iname option searches irrespective of the case. 2. grep: You use the grep command in order to find lines in a particular file that match a given string or words. 3. man: The man command is used as the manual pager for the system. It brings online documentation for a particular command. 4. ps: This is the process command, which shows you the status of all the processes that are being run by a unique id, known as the PID. 5. kill: This command is used in order to kill a process that is not responding or is not being used. All you need is to known the process ID or PID. To find the process id, you need to run ps-A with the grep command (ps-A | grep processname). 6. whereis: When you need to locate the binary, sources and the manual page of a command you use the whereis command. 7. service: This is the command that is used in order to control the start, stop or restart function of a particular service. You do not have to restart your system in order to start, stop or restart the services. 8. alias: This is a built in shell command which is used in order to assign the name for a long command or for a frequently used command. 9. df: Use this command when you want to report the disk usage of a file system. It is quite useful for the user and also for the system admin. 10. rm: This command is used in order to remove complete files and directories from your system. Advanced Commands 1. ifconfig: You will use the ifconfig command when you need to improve the kernel-resident network interfaces. The command is usually needed for system tuning and debugging, but it is also used during boot time in order to set up the interfaces. 2. netstat: This is an advanced command for Linux users that is used to display information related to the network. This includes information such as routing tables, network connections, masquerade connections, interface statistics and others. 3. nslookup: This command will be used when you need to find information about Internet servers. It finds you the name server information for the domains that are querying the DNS. 4. dig: The dig tool is used in order to query the DNS nameservers. If you need to find information on host addresses, mail exchanges, nameservers and other related information, then this is the tool for you. You can use the command from Linux and Mac OS X operating systems. 5. uptime: The uptime command is used in order to verify what all happened when a server has been left unattended. It is especially useful when you sit down in front of the server machine and see something gone awry. 6. wall: This command is used to send a message to all logged in users. You can only send the message to those with their message permission setting at ‘yes’ though. The message is given as an argument for the wall command. 7. mesg: Users can use the ‘write’ command in order to send messages to you. But as the server admin, you can use the mesg command in order to decide whether they can. You can choose from ‘n’ and ‘y’, which allow messages to not popup and popup on your screen respectively. 8. write: If the status for the ‘mesg’ command for a user is set to ‘y’ then the write command will allow you to send messages to that user. 9. talk: When a simple message is not enough, use the talk command to talk to users logged into the server. 10. w: This command is a combination of uptime and who commands, if they are given in that order and one after the other. 11. rename: When you need to rename certain specific files, the rename command comes in handy. This command renames files by replacing the first occurrence from that file. 12. top: Use this command in order to display the processes running in the CPU. The command will refresh automatically and keep displaying the processes until you use the interrupt command to stop it.
Posted on: Sun, 03 Aug 2014 16:12:38 +0000
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