university of swat. FOR MY DS AND ECO STUDENTS PLEASE! Plagiarism what it is and how to avoid it Terminology: Plagiarism Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own. This can apply to anything, from term papers to photographs to songs, even ideas! Types of Plagiarism: Copying The most well-known and, sadly, the most common type of plagiarism is the simplest: copying. If you copy someone elses work and put your name on it, you have plagiarized. Copying: An Example Children are totally insensitive to their parents shyness; it is the rare child who labels a parent shy [...] This is understandable, since parents are in positions of control and authority in their homes and may not reveal their shy side to their children. Also, since shyness is viewed as undesirable by many children, it may be threatening to think of parents in these terms. At this young age, the parent is still idealized as all-knowing and all-powerful - - not dumb, ugly, or weak. Zimbardo, Philip G. (1977). Shyness: What it is, what to do about it. Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus Books. Copying: An Example This one is pretty straightforward. If a writer copies, word for word, the text from Dr. Zimbardos book and does not acknowledge in any way that it was Dr. Zimbardos work, the writer has committed plagiarism. Types: Patchwork Plagiarism The second kind of plagiarism is similar to copying and is perhaps the second most common type of plagiarism: patchwork plagiarism. This occurs when the plagiarizer borrows the phrases and clauses from the original source and weaves them into his own writing (McConnell Library, Radford University) without putting the phrases in quotation marks or citing the author. Patchwork: An Example With regard to children, they are totally insensitive to their parents shyness. Rare is the child who labels a parent shy. It is easy to understand this, since the parents are in positions of control and authority in their own homes and may not necessarily show their shy side to their children. Moreover, since shyness is viewed as unfavorable by most children, it may be threatening for them to think of their parents in that light. During the formative years, the parent is idealized as all-knowing and all-powerful -- not dumb, ugly, or weak. Patchwork: An Example Now, had the author of this passage put the colored phrases in quotation marks and added a citation after the quotation, like (Zimbardo 62), the author would have been safe. Without the quotation marks and the proper citation, the author has committed plagiarism. Types: Paraphrasing Plagiarism The third type of plagiarism is called paraphrasing plagiarism. This occurs when the plagiarizer paraphrases or summarizes anothers work without citing the source. Even changing the words a little or using synonyms but retaining the authors essential thoughts, sentence structure, and/or style without citing the source is still considered plagiarism. Paraphrasing: An Example Children are completely insensitive to their parents shyness and rarely label their parents as shy. Because the parents are the authority and controlling figures in the home, they may not feel shy and therefore not show their shy side. Moreover, during the formative years, parents are seen as omnipotent and omniscient and not stupid, unattractive, or pathetic; it may be frightening for children to view their parents in terms of shyness. Paraphrasing: An Example Now, had the author of this paragraph used footnotes or parenthetical citations to acknowledge Dr. Zimbardos work, he or she would have been in the clear. However, since the author acts like these ideas are his or her own, and does not acknowledge Dr. Zimbardo, its plagiarism. Types: Unintentional The fourth type of plagiarism is called unintentional plagiarism -- it occurs when the writer incorrectly quotes and/or incorrectly cites a source they are using. How is this plagiarism, if the author didnt mean to do it? Types: Unintentional If a writer has incorrectly quoted or incorrectly cited a source, it could be misconstrued as dishonesty on the writers part. The dishonest usage of anothers work is most often considered plagiarism. Therefore, the incorrect usage of anothers work, whether its intentional or not, could be taken for real plagiarism. Avoiding Plagiarism Avoiding plagiarism is quite simple. The best method for avoiding it is to simply be honest; when youve used a source in your paper, give credit where its due. Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used. Avoiding Plagiarism Another way to avoid plagiarism is to use your own work as often as possible. Quoting and citing sources is usually required and inevitable when doing research -- thats how you back up your own work. But using someone elses work excessively can be construed as plagiarism. Another way to it is to quote and/or cite your sources properly. Proper Quotations In order to properly quote your sources, you should consult the style manual that would be appropriate for the research. In most cases, your professor will tell you which style manual would be preferred. If your professor doesnt indicate which manual to use, be sure to ask. The following examples are formatted in MLA, APA, and Chicago (Turabian is similar to Chicago) formats. The text is taken from the passage we saw earlier from Zimbardo. APA Guidelines The American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines are the most commonly used among the social sciences and education, which have adopted the APA format to present written material in their fields. MLA Guidelines The Modern Language Association (MLA) guidelines MLA writing style is the most commonly used among the humanities, liberal arts, and fine arts disciplines*, and therefore, is extremely valuable to all college students for use in their general education courses. MLA Quotations Indirect: Some researchers note that children are totally insensitive to their parents shyness (Zimbardo 62). Direct: Zimbardo notes that “children are totally insensitive to their parents’ shyness” (62). Paraphrasing: Some researchers have observed that children seem unaware that their parents are considered bashful (Zimbardo 62). APA or Chicago Quotations Indirect: Some researchers note that children are totally insensitive to their parents shyness (Zimbardo, 1977, p.62). Direct: Zimbardo (1977) notes that “Children are totally insensitive to their parents’ shyness” (p. 62). Paraphrasing: Some researchers have observed that children seem oblivious to their parents’ bashfulness (Zimbardo, 1977). Proper Citations In order to properly cite your sources, you should also consult the style manual that would be appropriate for the research. The following examples are formatted in MLA, APA, and Chicago (Turabian is similar to Chicago) formats. The citation is related to the passage we saw earlier from Zimbardo. APA Citations Book Zimbardo, P.G. (1977). Shyness: What it is, what to do about it. Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus Books. Essay/Chapter in a Book ONeil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Mens and womens gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York: Springer. APA Citations Article Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13. Article from a Database APA does not require that a citation for an article in a database document that fact. You can cite an article you find in a database the same way you’d cite a regular print article, as in the example above. APA Citations Website Lowe, M. (2012). Megan Lowe @ ULM. January 29, 2012, from ulm./edu/~lowe. Item Without Author Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (10th ed.).(1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. Thanks for Watching!
Posted on: Sat, 18 Oct 2014 08:54:27 +0000
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