2013 Bohol earthquake From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from 2013 Philippines earthquake) page is in the middle of an expansion or major revamping This article or section is in the process of an expansion or major restructuring. You are welcome to assist in its construction by editing it as well. If this article or section has not been edited in several days, please remove this template. This article was last edited by Renzoy16 (talk | contribs) 5 seconds ago. (Purge) This article documents a current disaster. Information regarding it may change rapidly as it progresses. Although this article is updated frequently, it may not reflect the most current information about this disaster for all areas. 2013 Bohol earthquake An image of a boy playing with a ball in an evacuation center. The background is the remains of the Church of Our Lady of Light in Loon, Bohol, the oldest and one of the largest in the province. Epicentre Epicentre Date October 15, 2013 Origin time 23:53:54 UTC 7:53:54 PST[1] Duration 34 seconds[2] Magnitude Mw 7.2 Depth 12.0 km (7.5 mi)[1] Epicenter 9.86°N 124.07°ECoordinates: 9.86°N 124.07°E Type Tectonic[1] Countries or regions Philippines Max. intensity Intensity VII (Bohol and Cebu provinces)[1] Landslides Cebu: Aloguinsan, Argao, Boljoon[3] Bohol: Alicia, Antequera, Balilihan, Bilar, Carmen, Clarin, Corella, Cortes, Danao, Dimiao, Lila, Loboc, Loon[3][4] Aftershocks 2,654 Casualties 198 dead; 11 missing; 668 injured (data from NDRRMC; as of 6:00 a.m. (UTC 8+) October 24, 2013)[3] The 2013 Bohol earthquake occurred on October 15, 2013 at 7:53:54 a.m. (PST) in Bohol, an island province located in Central Visayas, Philippines.[5] The magnitude of the earthquake at the epicenter was recorded at Mw 7.2, located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) SW of Sagbayan town, at a depth of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi).[1][6] It affected the whole Central Visayas region, particularly Bohol and Cebu. The quake was felt in the whole Visayas area and as far as Masbate island in the north and Cotabato provinces in southern Mindanao. According to recent official reports by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), 198 were reported dead, 11 were missing, and 668 people were injured. In all, more than 55 thousand structures were damaged or destroyed.[3] It was the deadliest earthquake in the Philippines in 23 years. The energy of the quake released was equivalent to 32 Hiroshima bombs.[7] Previously, Bohol was also hit by an earthquake on February 8, 1990 that damaged several buildings and caused a tsunami.[8][9] Contents [hide] 1 Geology 1.1 Aftershocks 2 Warnings 3 Casualties and infrastructure damage 3.1 Bohol 3.2 Cebu 3.3 Other Visayas islands 3.4 Mindanao 4 Effects 4.1 Transportation 4.2 Economy 4.3 Education 4.4 Health 4.5 Power and water supply 4.6 Other 4.6.1 Postponement of 2013 barangay elections in Bohol 5 Response 5.1 Government response and aid 5.2 International response and aid 5.3 Aid from organizations 5.4 Other charity and fundraising activities 6 See also 7 References Geology[edit] Initially it was thought that the epicenter was 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of Carmen, Bohol, triggered by the East Bohol Fault.[7] But according to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the 7.2 earthquake may have been caused by a new or previously undiscovered fault line transecting Bohol running ENE-WSW parallel to the islands northwest coast.[10][11] This was apparent in the pattern of epicenters of the subsequent aftershocks. On October 20, 2013, a team of state volcanologists had discovered the theorized new fault in Inabanga, a town 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the epicenter. Vertical displacement, as much 10 feet (3.0 m), was noted in the landscape of the town. According to experts, the fault may be as much as 100 kilometres (62 mi).[12][13] Aftershocks[edit] As of the 6:00 a.m. bulletin released by NDRRMC on October 24, 2013, 2,654 aftershocks were recorded, 68 of which were felt.[3] Included in the aftershocks is the 5.5 magnitude tremor experienced on the morning of October 17, 2013.[14] Warnings[edit] The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center did not issue a Pacific-wide tsunami threat.[15][16] The United States Geological Survey issued a yellow warning, saying some casualties and damage are possible and the impact should be relatively localised. Past yellow alerts have required a local or regional level response.[17] SHOA, of the Chilean Navy, stated the earthquake would not affect national or South American coasts.[18][19] Casualties and infrastructure damage[edit] The earthquake struck as the Philippines was observing the Muslim holiday of Eid-al-Adha. The public holiday had closed schools, some businesses, and offices which helped reduce the number of casualties.[20] A total of ₱1.4 billion worth of damages to roads, bridges, and flood controls was reported in Bohol and Cebu. A total of 631,605 families or more than 3.1 million people were affected by the quake. Out of the total number of affected, 66,041 families or more than 336 thousand people were displaced.[3] Bohol[edit] Baclayon and Loboc churches, before the earthquake. By far the most casualties and damages occurred in Bohol. According to the bulletin released by the NDRRMC at 6:00 a.m. (PST; GMT+8) on October 23, 2013, a total of 185 people were confirmed dead, 574 people were confirmed injured, and 11 confirmed missing. A rough estimate of the damages is expected to be at least at ₱2.2 billion.[21] The town of Loon, had the largest number of fatalities. Also, a total of 1,137,852 people (or nearly 90% of the islands population) were affected by the quake.[3] Nearly 52,500 residential houses were damaged or destroyed, with the towns of Tubigon, Carmen, and Calape among the worst affected.[3] A building at the Tagbilaran Port Terminal and a ceiling of the second floor and the airport tower of Tagbilaran Airport in Tagbilaran collapsed. The Church of San Pedro Apostol in Loboc, the Church of Our Lady of Light in Loon and Santa Cruz Parish Church in Maribojoc collapsed; in Baclayon, the facade of Church of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception and its bell tower were totally damaged. Other churches, such as in Loay, Dauis, Dimiao, and Tubigon were also heavily damaged.[22] In Carmen, a freestanding bell tower and an observation deck in the islands renowned Chocolate Hills were destroyed, with some of the hills themselves damaged by landslides.[23][24][25] Several government buildings in the province were also partially damaged, including the municipal halls of eight towns.[3] The Congressman Natalino P. Castillo, Sr. Memorial Hospital in Loon collapsed, trapping and killing an unknown number of patients.[26] Some 32 bridges, including many along the National Road, and 13 road sections were damaged and impassable, hampering aid efforts. Energy services in the province were also cut off.[3] Cebu[edit] In Cebu, as of a 6:00 a.m. bulletin released by NDRRMC on October 24, 2013, 12 people were confirmed dead, 89 people injured, and a total of 365,944 families or more than 1.8 million people were affected by the quake.[3] Several structures in Cebu City incurred total and partial damages. A building in Pasil Fish Port in Cebu City collapsed killing five people and injuring seven people.[26][27] The Basilica Minore del Santo Niños bell tower also collapsed.[22] Cebu Provincial Capitol was also badly hit by the quake.[27] Several hospitals such as Cebu Doctors University Hospital and St. Vincent Hospital incurred damages.[3] A stampede in a Cebu gym caused five deaths and injured eight.[26][28] Other Visayas islands[edit] Intensity VI was recorded in Hinigaran, Negros Occidental; Intensity V in Iloilo, La Carlota, Guimaras, Abuyog in Leyte, and Sibulan in Negros Oriental; Intensity IV in Roxas City, Masbate, Bacolod, Bulusan in Sorsogon, Patnongon and San Jose in Antique, Tacloban, Hinunangan, Saint Bernard, Bato and Tabon in Leyte, and Baybay in Southern Leyte; Intensity II in Borongan in Samar, Laon in Antique; Intensity I and II at various towns in Aklan.[7] In Negros Occidental, several private buildings incurred damages. In Iloilo, the administration office of Iloilo Airport was slightly damaged. In Siquijor, as of the 6:00 a.m. bulletin released by NDRRMC on October 24, 2013, one person had died and three people were injured from the quake. Two people, one from Negros Oriental and one from Iloilo, were also injured.[3] Mindanao[edit] The quake was felt in Intensity V in Cagayan de Oro and Gingoog in Misamis Oriental; Intensity IV in Butuan; Intensity III in Davao City, Cotabato, Zamboanga, Surigao, Bukidnon, and in Zamboanga del Norte; Intensity II in Tacurong but no people were reported dead.[7] Effects[edit] Shakemap of the Visayas islands, showing location and strength of quake. Star marks the epicenter (Sagbayan, Bohol). Transportation[edit] Several flights from Cebu and Bohol airports and the airport operations itself were put on hold as response to check the safety status of the airport buildings. Mactan International Airport in Mactan was later opened before midday;[20] however, flights between Manila and Bohol were canceled due to suspension of operations in Tagbilaran Airport.[29] As of October 17, 2013, all operations of seaports in Bohol and Cebu were back to normal.[3] Economy[edit] Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (October 2013) Education[edit] Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (October 2013) Health[edit] Many Bohol residents were left without adequate safe drinking water and sanitary facilities after the quake. Consequently serious public health issues arose such as cases of diarrhea and water-borne diseases. Worst affected were the municipalities closest to the epicenter, such as Sagbayan, San Isidro, Calape, Tubigon, Clarin and Catigbian.[30] There are also other threads to public health. Community health centers and hospitals were rendered uninhabitable, resulting in makeshift wards outside. The food supply is disrupted with many markets not operating for a week after the quake. Furthermore, the prolonged period of aftershocks forced the population to reside outside in makeshift shelters, afraid to be inside weakened buildings, and causing psychological trauma.[30][31] Power and water supply[edit] Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (October 2013) Other[edit] Postponement of 2013 barangay elections in Bohol[edit] Main article: Philippine barangay elections, 2013 On October 16, 2013, the provincial government of Bohol asked to the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) to postpone the barangay elections after the province was heavily devastated by the quake. On October 17, 2013, Bohol governor Edgar Chatto announced during the visit of the President that the provincial board will submit a resolution to the COMELEC postponing the October 28 elections. On the same day, COMELEC visited the province and evaluated the safety conditions of the polling centers.[32] On October 22, 2013, COMELEC officially announced that they will postpone the elections in Bohol citing safety issues on the integrity of the buildings used as polling centers. The elections in the province will be held on November 25, 2013 and will be synchronized together with the affected barangays of Zamboanga City, which was affected by the armed conflict against the Moro National Liberation Front on September 9 to 28, 2013.[33] Response[edit] Government response and aid[edit] States of calamity were issued by Cebu and Bohol provincial governments on October 15, 2013.[34] The National Commission for Culture and the Arts, National Historical Commission of the Philippines, and the National Museum have expressed their commitment to rehabilitate the ten heritage churches damaged by the quake. Many of the churches destroyed were iconic and are considered as historical landmarks. One was Basilica Minore del Santo Niño which was the oldest church in the Philippines.[35][36] PHIVOLCS continuously monitors the geological activity of the region. The Philippine National Police had declared a full alert status and deployed 271 personnel and 27 vehicles in Bohol and Cebu and has continuously monitored the effects of the earthquake. The Armed Forces of the Philippines coordinated with local governments and provincial disaster management units for updates on the situation and for damage assessments. The Department of Health placed the affected region into code red alert status.[3] On October 16, 2013, the regional consular office of the Department of Foreign Affairs in Cebu suspended its operations in order to inspect for damages in its office. All services will resume once public safety is ensured.[37] Philippine President Benigno Aquino III visited the provinces of Cebu and Bohol on October 16, 2013 and assessed the damages caused by the quake.[38] Minutes upon his arrival in Tagbilaran, Bohol, a 5.1 magnitude aftershock occurred.[39] The Department of Social Welfare and Development has released ₱10 million for purchase of relief goods for the displaced families. The Department is planning to distribute two thousand family packs and 100 rolls of laminated sacks which will be airlifted by the Philippine Air Forces C130. It has allocated ₱98 million ($2.2 million) in standby funds.[3] The city government of Davao City also pledged at least ₱3 million of cash assistance. Cities of Ormoc and Baybay, Leyte will donate ₱2.1 million.[40] International response and aid[edit] The Spanish government sent messages of sympathy and solidarity to the government. Spain also cited the damages and destruction of the churches, of whom they considered as part of their historical heritage during Spanish period of the Philippines. New Zealands Prime Minister John Key also sent a letter to President Aquino expressing their heartfelt sympathies to the people affected by the disaster. Canada, through Foreign Minister John Baird, also offered sympathies and stated that his country is ready to help the Philippines.[41] Japan, through ambassador Toshinao Urabe, wrote a letter to the President extending the peoples and governments sympathies to the quake hit victims.[42] The government of Taiwan has provided funds worth $100 thousand.[21] Malaysia donated RM 100 thousand for the children affected by the disaster.[43] The United States, through the US Agency for International Development (USAID), donated $50 thousand worth of non-food relief items and 6 thousand hygiene kits.[43][44]The South Korea government donated $300 thousand of funds to help rehabilitate the provinces of Bohol and Cebu.[40] On October 21, 2013, the German government extended their sympathies to the people of the Philippines affected by the disaster. The German government also pledged ₱13.7 million and will be coursed through German humanitarian organization Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe.[43][45] Aid from organizations[edit] The United Nations World Food Programme has prepositioned a thousand metric tons of rice, 15 metric tons of high energy biscuits and other non-food items to the affected areas in the provinces of Bohol and Cebu. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Coordinating Center for Humanitarian Assistance has also delivered relief supplies to Bohol.[41] Philippine Red Cross (PRC) donated relief operations, and deployed volunteers and rescue teams to the depressed areas.[46][47][48] Singapore Red Cross (SRC) donated $100 thousand worth of relief goods, and deployed a team of volunteers in the affected areas on October 18, 2013.[43][49] SRC volunteers also assisted surgeons conducting surgical operations in Tagbilaran City.[43] On October 18, 2013, Oxfam International deployed a team of experts in order to assess the health and sanitation conditions in Bohol, and donated 400 water treatment solutions which will be distributed to various health centers of the said province.[50] Other charity and fundraising activities[edit] GMA Networks Kapuso Foundation and ABS-CBNs Sagip Kapamilya Foundation aided the victims of the quake by providing relief items such as food and bottled water.[51][52] A benefit concert called #BangonSugBohol was also held in Cebu. Different local and foreign companies also donated different relief items.[53] Different local religious, civic, and humanitarian groups also conducted relief operations in Bohol.[54]
Posted on: Thu, 24 Oct 2013 08:32:46 +0000
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