23. The Temple is a collection of poems by (A) Thomas Carew (B) Robert Herrick (C) George Herbert (D) Richard Crashaw 24. Ben Jonson’s comedies are (A) Volpone, Bartholomew Fair, The Shoemaker’s Holiday (B) Volpone, The Alchemist, Epicoene (C) Volpone, The Alchemist, The Knight of the Burning Pestle (D) Volpone, Epicoene, The Shoemaker’s Holiday The Shoemakers Holiday, or the Gentle Craft is an Elizabethan play written by Thomas Dekker. While The Knight of the Burning Pestle is a play by Francis Beaumont. 25. What is ‘L’ Allegro’s’ companion piece called? (A) Lamia (B) Hyperion (C) Il Penseroso (D) Thyrsis It is nearly impossible to understand and appreciate John Miltons LAllegro without also having read its companion piece, Il Penseroso. 26. Match the character with the novel : 1. Caddy 2. Lennie 3. Jake Barnes 4. Tommy Wilhelm 5. The Sound and the Fury 6. Of Mice and Men 7. The Sun Also Rises 8. Seize the Day Codes : (A) 1-5 2-6 3-7 4-8 (B) 2-7 1-8 3-5 4-6 (C) 3-5 4-6 2-8 1-7 (D) 4-5 3-8 2-7 1-8 Caddy-- The Sound and the Fury Lennie---- Of Mice and Men Jake Barnes--- The Sun Also Rises Tommy Wilhelm--- Seize the Day 27. Who among the following writers belonged to the American Beat Movement? (A) Allen Ginsberg (B) Mark Beard (C) Isaac McCaslih (D) Charles Beard 28. “The Lost Generation” is a name applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First World War. Who called them “The Lost Generation”? (A) H.L. Mencken (B) Willa Cather (C) Jack London (D) Gertrude Stein The Lost Generation is a term used to refer to the generation, actually an age cohort that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, The Sun Also Rises. In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron. 29. Hyperbole is 1. an extravagant exaggeration 2. a racist slur 3. a metrical skill 4. a figure of speech (A) 1 is correct (B) 1 and 4 are correct (C) 1 and 3 are correct (D) 3 is correct 30. “Imagined Communities” is a concept propounded by (A) Benedict Anderson (B) Homi Bhabha (C) Aijaz Ahmed (D) Partha Chatterjee 31. The New Historicists include (A) Greenblatt, Showalter, Montrose (B) Greenblatt, Sinfield, Butler (C) Greenblatt, Montrose, Goldberg (D) Williams, Greenblatt, Belsey Stephen Greenblatt ,Jonathan Goldberg, Stephen Orgel, Lisa Jardine, and Louis Montrose are the notable New Historicists. 32. Wallace Stevens’ “The Man with the Blue Guitar” may be linked to the work of the following artist: (A) Modigliani (B) Chagall (C) Picasso (D) Cezanne Wallace Stevens (1879-1955), American poet, whose works deal mainly with the individual’s interaction with the outside world, created exquisite, vibrant poems that were often suffused with brilliant color. “The Man with the Blue Guitar” 1937 is one of his best composition series. The poem series is related to Picasso’s painting of the same title. 33. The author of Gender Trouble is (A) Elaine Showalter (B) Helene Cixous (C) Michele Barrett (D) Judith Butler 34. The structural analysis of signs was practised by (A) Michel Foucault (B) Jacques Lacan (C) Julia Kristeva (D) Roland Barthes 35. Which of the following is a spoof of a Gothic novel ? (A) Frankenstein (B) Northanger Abbey (C) Castle of Otranto (D) Mysteries of Udolfo Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey , a posthumous publication, appearing in 1818, is a satire on the contemporary craze for Gothic novels and their characteristic themes of horror, picturesque ruins, medievalism, terrible secrets, and the supernatural, Northanger Abbey recounts the career of the heroine Catherine Morland. 36. The “madwoman in the attic” is a specific reference to (A) The narrator of “Goblin Market” (B) Augusta Egg’s 1858 narrative painting (C) The Heroine of The Yellow Wallpaper (D) Bertha Mason of Jane Eyre 37. Assertion (A) : Dr Johnson’s The Lives of the Poets carries critical and biographical studies of poets he admired. It does not, however, carry a life of William Wordsworth. Reason (R) : Dr. Johnson singled out poets whom he not only admired but also adored. This explains his omission of Wordsworth. (A) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct. (B) (A) is true but (R) is false. (C) (A) and (R) are true. (D) Neither (A) nor (R) is true. Johnsons last major work, The Lives of the English Poets, was begun in 1778, when he was nearly 70 years old, and completed—in ten volumes—in 1781. It comprises short biographies and critical appraisals of 52 poets, most of whom lived during the eighteenth century. It is arranged, approximately, by date of death. On the other hand, Wordsworth’s Lifetime (1770-1850) does not focus Johnson’s critical era. 38. What is the correct chronological sequence of the following ? (A) Moll Flanders, Pamela, Joseph Andrews, Tristram Shandy (B) Joseph Andrews, Tristram Shandy, Pamela, Moll Flanders (C) Tristram Shandy, Moll Flanders, Pamela, Joseph Andrews (D) Pamela, Moll Flanders, Joseph Andrews, Tristram Shandy Moll Flanders : Daniel Defoe published Moll Flanders in 1722 . Many critics have speculated that Defoe’s story of a beautiful and greedy woman who turns to crime is not a novel in the true sense but a work combining biography and fiction. Pamela: Pamela; or Virtue Rewarded (1740) by Samuel Richardson was one of the first works of the genre epistolary novel. Richardsons contemporary Henry Fielding evinced his connection with the earlier satirical spirit in his novel Joseph Andrews (1742), which parodies Richardsons other novel of virtue besieged, Pamela (1740). The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (1759-1767), the masterpiece of another great British novelist of the century, Laurence Sterne, indulges in the new cult of sentiment, but by reason of its cast of eccentric characters and the skilled weaving of the most extraordinary behavior into the depiction of their personalities, this novel lies outside the usual historical categories. 39. “How can what an Englishman believes be heresy? Itis a contradiction in terms.” This means 1. An Englishman does not know what heresy is. 2. An Englishman has no beliefs. 3. And, therefore, there is no question of his heresy. 4. And, therefore, there cannot be any question of his acting his beliefs. (A) 1 and 4 are correct (B) 2 and 1 are correct (C) 1 and 3 are correct (D) 2 and 4 are correct Saint Joan ~ Scene IV written by George Bernard Shaw WARWICK. I am a soldier, not a churchman. As a pilgrim I saw something of the Mahometans. They were not so ill-bred as I had been led to believe. In some respects their conduct compared favorably with ours. CAUCHON [displeased] I have noticed this before. Men go to the East to convert the infidels. And the infidels pervert them. The Crusader comes back more than half a Saracen. Not to mention that all Englishmen are born heretics. THE CHAPLAIN. Englishmen heretics!!! [Appealing to Warwick] My lord: must we endure this? His lordship is beside himself. How can what an Englishman believes be heresy? It is a contradiction in terms. CAUCHON. I absolve you, Messire de Stogumber, on the ground of invincible ignorance. The thick air of your country does not breed theologians. WARWICK. You would not say so if you heard us quarrelling about religion, my lord! I am sorry you think I must be either a heretic or a blockhead because, as a travelled man, I know that the followers of Mahomet profess great respect for our Lord, and are more ready to forgive St Peter for being a fisherman than your lordship is to forgive Mahomet for being a camel driver. But at least we can proceed in this matter without bigotry. CAUCHON. When men call the zeal of the Christian Church bigotry I know what to think. WARWICK. They are only east and west views of the same thing. CAUCHON [bitterly ironical] Only east and west! Only!! WARWICK. Oh, my Lord Bishop, I am not gainsaying you. You will carry The Church with you, but you have to carry the nobles also. To my mind there is a stronger case against The Maid than the one you have so forcibly put. Frankly, I am not afraid of this girl becoming another Mahomet, and superseding The Church by a great heresy. I think you exaggerate that risk. But have you noticed that in these letters of hers, she proposes to all the kings of Europe, as she has already pressed on Charles, a transaction which would wreck the whole social structure of Christendom? CAUCHON. Wreck The Church. I tell you so. The speech constitutes of THE CHAPLAIN in Saint Joan (1923) by Shaw . In Shaw’s hands Joan of Arc becomes a combination of practical mystic, heretical saint, and inspired genius. He treats the voices she hears as being the products of an active imagination. Shaw’s basic theme is that society always acts to choke off moral genius, no matter what the inspiration of that genius is. In dealing with historical subjects, Shaw initiated a natural and humorous treatment of famous figures—an approach that was followed by dramatists who came after Shaw. 40. Which of the following is an essentially Freudian concept? (A) Archetype (B) The Uncanny (C) The Absurd (D) The Imaginary 41. He wrote an essay called “Conrad’s Darkness” where he praises the earlier writer for offering him a vision of the world’s “half-made societies’. Identify the writer. (A) Chinua Achebe (B) V.S. Naipaul (C) Salman Rushdie (D) Ngugi wa Thiongo 42. “Magic Realism” is closely associated with (A) Italo Calvino (B) Gabriel Garcia Marquez (C) Anita Desai (D) Rohinton Mistry Italo Calvino (1923-85), Italian writer. Born in Cuba, of Italian parents, Calvino moved to Italy in his youth. After World War II activity as a partisan in the Italian Resistance, he settled in Turin, where he earned his degree in literature. He was a realistic writer in his first novel, The Path to the Nest of Spiders (1947; trans. 1956). He then turned to techniques of a genre that became known as magic realism, characteristic of his allegorical novels The Nonexistent Knight & The Cloven Viscount (1952-59; trans. 1962). These and the later works Cosmicomics (1965; trans. 1968); If on a Winters Night a Traveler (1979; trans. 1981); and Mr. Palomar (1983; trans. 1985) demonstrate Calvinos unique blend of fantasy, scientific curiosity, and metaphysical speculation. Gabriel García Márquez, born in 1928, Colombian novelist and short-story writer, known as one of the masters of magic realism, a style that weaves together realism and fantasy. He won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1982. García Márquezs best-known novels include El coronel no tiene quien le escriba (1958; No One Writes to the Colonel, 1968), about a retired military hero; Cien años de soledad (1967; One Hundred Years of Solitude, 1970), the epic story of a Colombian family, which shows the stylistic influence of American novelist William Faulkner; and El otoño del patriarca (1975; The Autumn of the Patriarch, 1976), concerning political power and corruption. Crónica de una muerte anunciada (1981; Chronicle of a Death Foretold, 1983) is the story of murder in a Latin American town. Collected Stories was published in English translation in 1984. ( There is doubt in option A & B) 43. Who among the following combines anthropology, history and fiction? (A) Kamala Markandya (B) Mulk Raj Anand (C) Upmanyu Chatterjee (D) Amitav Ghosh 44. Which of the following is NOT a Partition novel? (A) Train to Pakistan (B) Sunlight on a Broken Column (C) The Shadow Lines (D) In Custody Partition has been a literary subject in many of the Indian languages, as well as in English. Khushwant Singh’s English novel Train to Pakistan (1956) is one of the earliest novels to evoke the horrors of the violence that accompanied partition. Attia Hosains Sun Light on A Broken Column also deals with partition politics. Amitav Ghoshs novel The Shadaw Lines (1988) (this is not to confuse with Conrad’s The Shadow-Line (1917) which I experienced here in answering unless corrected by my worthy reader) portrays the pre independence and post independence partition politics in ironic terms. While Anita Desais In Custody is the story of a college lecturer seeking to meet the great poet who has been his hero since childhood. It was made into a motion picture in 1993. 45. Which of the following options is correct? (i) Transcendentalism was a philosophical and literary movement. (ii) It flourished in the Southern States of America in the 19th century. (iii) It was a reaction against 18th century rationalism and the skeptical philosophy of Locke. (iv) Among the major texts of Transcendentalist thought are the essays of Emerson, Thoreau’s Walden and the writings of Margaret Fuller. (A) (i) and (iv) are correct. (B) (ii) and (iii) are correct. (C) (iii) and (iv) are correct. (D) (iv) is correct Transcendentalism, in philosophy and literature, belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience or in a higher kind of knowledge than that achieved by human reason. Nearly all transcendentalist doctrines stem from the division of reality into a realm of spirit and a realm of matter. In its most specific usage, transcendentalism refers to a literary and philosophical movement that developed in the U.S. in the first half of the 19th century. While the movement was, in part, a reaction to certain 18th-century rationalist doctrines, it was strongly influenced by Deism, which, although rationalist, was opposed to Calvinist orthodoxy. Transcendentalism also involved a rejection of the strict Puritan religious attitudes that were the heritage of New England, where the movement originated. In addition, it opposed the strict ritualism and dogmatic theology of all established religious institutions. American transcendentalism began with the formation (1836) of the Transcendental Club in Boston. Among the leaders of the movement were the essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson, the feminist and social reformer Margaret Fuller, the preacher Theodore Parker, the educator Bronson Alcott, the philosopher William Ellery Channing, and the author and naturalist Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendental Club published a magazine, The Dial, and some of the clubs members participated in an experiment in communal living at Brook Farm, in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, during the 1840s. Major transcendentalist works of the American movement include Emersons essays “Nature” (1836) and “Self-Reliance” (1841), as well as many of his metaphysical poems, and also Thoreaus Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854), which is an account of an individuals attempt to live simply and in harmony with nature. Read the following passage carefully, and select the right answers from the alternatives given below in the question 46 to 50 : It would be more accurate to say that discourse, rather than language, plays a crucial part in structuring our experience. The whole idea of ‘language’ is something of a fiction: what we normally refer to as ‘language’ can more realistically be seen as heterogeneous collection of discourses. Each of us has access to a range of discourses, and it is these different discourses which give us access to, or enable us to perform, different ‘selves’. A discourse can be conceptualized as a ‘system of statements which cohere around common meanings and values’. So, for example, in contemporary Britain there are discourses which can be labeled ‘conservative’ – that is, discourses which emphasize values and meanings where the status quo is cherished: and there are discourses which can be labeled ‘patriarchal’ – that is, discourses which emphasize meanings and values which assume the superiority of males. Dominant discourses such as these appear ‘natural’: they are powerful precisely because they are able to make invisible the fact that they are just one among many different discourses. Theorizing language in this way is still new in linguistics (to the extent that many linguists would not regard analysis in terms of discourses as being part of linguistics). One of the advantages of talking about discourses rather than about language is that the concept’ discourse’ acknowledges the value-laden nature of language. There is no neutral discourse: whenever we speak we have to choose between different systems of meaning, different sets of values. This process allows us to show how language is implicated in our construction of different ‘selves’: different discourses position us in different ways in relation to the world. Questions : 46. Which of the following is True in the light of this passage ? (A) Language is inaccurate. (B) Discourse is accurate. (C) Language comprises discourse. (D) Discourse comprises language. 47. What words/phrases suggest the plurality of discourse in this passage? I. different selves II. range III. system of statements IV. heterogeneous collection (A) II and IV (B) II and III (C) III and IV (D) I 48. Having called language “something of a fiction”, how does the author suggest its opposite ? By using the phrase (A) conceptualized as a system (B) more accurate to say (C) range of discourses (D) more realistically be seen 49. Which among the following statements is NOT true ? (A) Conservative discourses plead for the status quo. (B) Patriarchal discourses privilege male values. (C) Dominant discourses are natural. (D) Dominant discourses seem natural. 50. What does this passage plead for ? (A) Theorizing language in a new way. (B) Theorizing language in terms of discourses. (C) Studying language as discourse. (D) Studying discourse as language 23. The Temple is a collection of poems by (A) Thomas Carew (B) Robert Herrick (C) George Herbert (D) Richard Crashaw 24. Ben Jonson’s comedies are (A) Volpone, Bartholomew Fair, The Shoemaker’s Holiday (B) Volpone, The Alchemist, Epicoene (C) Volpone, The Alchemist, The Knight of the Burning Pestle (D) Volpone, Epicoene, The Shoemaker’s Holiday The Shoemakers Holiday, or the Gentle Craft is an Elizabethan play written by Thomas Dekker. While The Knight of the Burning Pestle is a play by Francis Beaumont. 25. What is ‘L’ Allegro’s’ companion piece called? (A) Lamia (B) Hyperion (C) Il Penseroso (D) Thyrsis It is nearly impossible to understand and appreciate John Miltons LAllegro without also having read its companion piece, Il Penseroso. 26. Match the character with the novel : 1. Caddy 2. Lennie 3. Jake Barnes 4. Tommy Wilhelm 5. The Sound and the Fury 6. Of Mice and Men 7. The Sun Also Rises 8. Seize the Day Codes : (A) 1-5 2-6 3-7 4-8 (B) 2-7 1-8 3-5 4-6 (C) 3-5 4-6 2-8 1-7 (D) 4-5 3-8 2-7 1-8 Caddy-- The Sound and the Fury Lennie---- Of Mice and Men Jake Barnes--- The Sun Also Rises Tommy Wilhelm--- Seize the Day 27. Who among the following writers belonged to the American Beat Movement? (A) Allen Ginsberg (B) Mark Beard (C) Isaac McCaslih (D) Charles Beard 28. “The Lost Generation” is a name applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First World War. Who called them “The Lost Generation”? (A) H.L. Mencken (B) Willa Cather (C) Jack London (D) Gertrude Stein The Lost Generation is a term used to refer to the generation, actually an age cohort that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, The Sun Also Rises. In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron. 29. Hyperbole is 1. an extravagant exaggeration 2. a racist slur 3. a metrical skill 4. a figure of speech (A) 1 is correct (B) 1 and 4 are correct (C) 1 and 3 are correct (D) 3 is correct 30. “Imagined Communities” is a concept propounded by (A) Benedict Anderson (B) Homi Bhabha (C) Aijaz Ahmed (D) Partha Chatterjee 31. The New Historicists include (A) Greenblatt, Showalter, Montrose (B) Greenblatt, Sinfield, Butler (C) Greenblatt, Montrose, Goldberg (D) Williams, Greenblatt, Belsey Stephen Greenblatt ,Jonathan Goldberg, Stephen Orgel, Lisa Jardine, and Louis Montrose are the notable New Historicists. 32. Wallace Stevens’ “The Man with the Blue Guitar” may be linked to the work of the following artist: (A) Modigliani (B) Chagall (C) Picasso (D) Cezanne Wallace Stevens (1879-1955), American poet, whose works deal mainly with the individual’s interaction with the outside world, created exquisite, vibrant poems that were often suffused with brilliant color. “The Man with the Blue Guitar” 1937 is one of his best composition series. The poem series is related to Picasso’s painting of the same title. 33. The author of Gender Trouble is (A) Elaine Showalter (B) Helene Cixous (C) Michele Barrett (D) Judith Butler 34. The structural analysis of signs was practised by (A) Michel Foucault (B) Jacques Lacan (C) Julia Kristeva (D) Roland Barthes 35. Which of the following is a spoof of a Gothic novel ? (A) Frankenstein (B) Northanger Abbey (C) Castle of Otranto (D) Mysteries of Udolfo Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey , a posthumous publication, appearing in 1818, is a satire on the contemporary craze for Gothic novels and their characteristic themes of horror, picturesque ruins, medievalism, terrible secrets, and the supernatural, Northanger Abbey recounts the career of the heroine Catherine Morland. 36. The “madwoman in the attic” is a specific reference to (A) The narrator of “Goblin Market” (B) Augusta Egg’s 1858 narrative painting (C) The Heroine of The Yellow Wallpaper (D) Bertha Mason of Jane Eyre 37. Assertion (A) : Dr Johnson’s The Lives of the Poets carries critical and biographical studies of poets he admired. It does not, however, carry a life of William Wordsworth. Reason (R) : Dr. Johnson singled out poets whom he not only admired but also adored. This explains his omission of Wordsworth. (A) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct. (B) (A) is true but (R) is false. (C) (A) and (R) are true. (D) Neither (A) nor (R) is true. Johnsons last major work, The Lives of the English Poets, was begun in 1778, when he was nearly 70 years old, and completed—in ten volumes—in 1781. It comprises short biographies and critical appraisals of 52 poets, most of whom lived during the eighteenth century. It is arranged, approximately, by date of death. On the other hand, Wordsworth’s Lifetime (1770-1850) does not focus Johnson’s critical era. 38. What is the correct chronological sequence of the following ? (A) Moll Flanders, Pamela, Joseph Andrews, Tristram Shandy (B) Joseph Andrews, Tristram Shandy, Pamela, Moll Flanders (C) Tristram Shandy, Moll Flanders, Pamela, Joseph Andrews (D) Pamela, Moll Flanders, Joseph Andrews, Tristram Shandy Moll Flanders : Daniel Defoe published Moll Flanders in 1722 . Many critics have speculated that Defoe’s story of a beautiful and greedy woman who turns to crime is not a novel in the true sense but a work combining biography and fiction. Pamela: Pamela; or Virtue Rewarded (1740) by Samuel Richardson was one of the first works of the genre epistolary novel. Richardsons contemporary Henry Fielding evinced his connection with the earlier satirical spirit in his novel Joseph Andrews (1742), which parodies Richardsons other novel of virtue besieged, Pamela (1740). The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (1759-1767), the masterpiece of another great British novelist of the century, Laurence Sterne, indulges in the new cult of sentiment, but by reason of its cast of eccentric characters and the skilled weaving of the most extraordinary behavior into the depiction of their personalities, this novel lies outside the usual historical categories. 39. “How can what an Englishman believes be heresy? Itis a contradiction in terms.” This means 1. An Englishman does not know what heresy is. 2. An Englishman has no beliefs. 3. And, therefore, there is no question of his heresy. 4. And, therefore, there cannot be any question of his acting his beliefs. (A) 1 and 4 are correct (B) 2 and 1 are correct (C) 1 and 3 are correct (D) 2 and 4 are correct Saint Joan ~ Scene IV written by George Bernard Shaw WARWICK. I am a soldier, not a churchman. As a pilgrim I saw something of the Mahometans. They were not so ill-bred as I had been led to believe. In some respects their conduct compared favorably with ours. CAUCHON [displeased] I have noticed this before. Men go to the East to convert the infidels. And the infidels pervert them. The Crusader comes back more than half a Saracen. Not to mention that all Englishmen are born heretics. THE CHAPLAIN. Englishmen heretics!!! [Appealing to Warwick] My lord: must we endure this? His lordship is beside himself. How can what an Englishman believes be heresy? It is a contradiction in terms. CAUCHON. I absolve you, Messire de Stogumber, on the ground of invincible ignorance. The thick air of your country does not breed theologians. WARWICK. You would not say so if you heard us quarrelling about religion, my lord! I am sorry you think I must be either a heretic or a blockhead because, as a travelled man, I know that the followers of Mahomet profess great respect for our Lord, and are more ready to forgive St Peter for being a fisherman than your lordship is to forgive Mahomet for being a camel driver. But at least we can proceed in this matter without bigotry. CAUCHON. When men call the zeal of the Christian Church bigotry I know what to think. WARWICK. They are only east and west views of the same thing. CAUCHON [bitterly ironical] Only east and west! Only!! WARWICK. Oh, my Lord Bishop, I am not gainsaying you. You will carry The Church with you, but you have to carry the nobles also. To my mind there is a stronger case against The Maid than the one you have so forcibly put. Frankly, I am not afraid of this girl becoming another Mahomet, and superseding The Church by a great heresy. I think you exaggerate that risk. But have you noticed that in these letters of hers, she proposes to all the kings of Europe, as she has already pressed on Charles, a transaction which would wreck the whole social structure of Christendom? CAUCHON. Wreck The Church. I tell you so. The speech constitutes of THE CHAPLAIN in Saint Joan (1923) by Shaw . In Shaw’s hands Joan of Arc becomes a combination of practical mystic, heretical saint, and inspired genius. He treats the voices she hears as being the products of an active imagination. Shaw’s basic theme is that society always acts to choke off moral genius, no matter what the inspiration of that genius is. In dealing with historical subjects, Shaw initiated a natural and humorous treatment of famous figures—an approach that was followed by dramatists who came after Shaw. 40. Which of the following is an essentially Freudian concept? (A) Archetype (B) The Uncanny (C) The Absurd (D) The Imaginary 41. He wrote an essay called “Conrad’s Darkness” where he praises the earlier writer for offering him a vision of the world’s “half-made societies’. Identify the writer. (A) Chinua Achebe (B) V.S. Naipaul (C) Salman Rushdie (D) Ngugi wa Thiongo 42. “Magic Realism” is closely associated with (A) Italo Calvino (B) Gabriel Garcia Marquez (C) Anita Desai (D) Rohinton Mistry Italo Calvino (1923-85), Italian writer. Born in Cuba, of Italian parents, Calvino moved to Italy in his youth. After World War II activity as a partisan in the Italian Resistance, he settled in Turin, where he earned his degree in literature. He was a realistic writer in his first novel, The Path to the Nest of Spiders (1947; trans. 1956). He then turned to techniques of a genre that became known as magic realism, characteristic of his allegorical novels The Nonexistent Knight & The Cloven Viscount (1952-59; trans. 1962). These and the later works Cosmicomics (1965; trans. 1968); If on a Winters Night a Traveler (1979; trans. 1981); and Mr. Palomar (1983; trans. 1985) demonstrate Calvinos unique blend of fantasy, scientific curiosity, and metaphysical speculation. Gabriel García Márquez, born in 1928, Colombian novelist and short-story writer, known as one of the masters of magic realism, a style that weaves together realism and fantasy. He won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1982. García Márquezs best-known novels include El coronel no tiene quien le escriba (1958; No One Writes to the Colonel, 1968), about a retired military hero; Cien años de soledad (1967; One Hundred Years of Solitude, 1970), the epic story of a Colombian family, which shows the stylistic influence of American novelist William Faulkner; and El otoño del patriarca (1975; The Autumn of the Patriarch, 1976), concerning political power and corruption. Crónica de una muerte anunciada (1981; Chronicle of a Death Foretold, 1983) is the story of murder in a Latin American town. Collected Stories was published in English translation in 1984. ( There is doubt in option A & B) 43. Who among the following combines anthropology, history and fiction? (A) Kamala Markandya (B) Mulk Raj Anand (C) Upmanyu Chatterjee (D) Amitav Ghosh 44. Which of the following is NOT a Partition novel? (A) Train to Pakistan (B) Sunlight on a Broken Column (C) The Shadow Lines (D) In Custody Partition has been a literary subject in many of the Indian languages, as well as in English. Khushwant Singh’s English novel Train to Pakistan (1956) is one of the earliest novels to evoke the horrors of the violence that accompanied partition. Attia Hosains Sun Light on A Broken Column also deals with partition politics. Amitav Ghoshs novel The Shadaw Lines (1988) (this is not to confuse with Conrad’s The Shadow-Line (1917) which I experienced here in answering unless corrected by my worthy reader) portrays the pre independence and post independence partition politics in ironic terms. While Anita Desais In Custody is the story of a college lecturer seeking to meet the great poet who has been his hero since childhood. It was made into a motion picture in 1993. 45. Which of the following options is correct? (i) Transcendentalism was a philosophical and literary movement. (ii) It flourished in the Southern States of America in the 19th century. (iii) It was a reaction against 18th century rationalism and the skeptical philosophy of Locke. (iv) Among the major texts of Transcendentalist thought are the essays of Emerson, Thoreau’s Walden and the writings of Margaret Fuller. (A) (i) and (iv) are correct. (B) (ii) and (iii) are correct. (C) (iii) and (iv) are correct. (D) (iv) is correct Transcendentalism, in philosophy and literature, belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience or in a higher kind of knowledge than that achieved by human reason. Nearly all transcendentalist doctrines stem from the division of reality into a realm of spirit and a realm of matter. In its most specific usage, transcendentalism refers to a literary and philosophical movement that developed in the U.S. in the first half of the 19th century. While the movement was, in part, a reaction to certain 18th-century rationalist doctrines, it was strongly influenced by Deism, which, although rationalist, was opposed to Calvinist orthodoxy. Transcendentalism also involved a rejection of the strict Puritan religious attitudes that were the heritage of New England, where the movement originated. In addition, it opposed the strict ritualism and dogmatic theology of all established religious institutions. American transcendentalism began with the formation (1836) of the Transcendental Club in Boston. Among the leaders of the movement were the essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson, the feminist and social reformer Margaret Fuller, the preacher Theodore Parker, the educator Bronson Alcott, the philosopher William Ellery Channing, and the author and naturalist Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendental Club published a magazine, The Dial, and some of the clubs members participated in an experiment in communal living at Brook Farm, in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, during the 1840s. Major transcendentalist works of the American movement include Emersons essays “Nature” (1836) and “Self-Reliance” (1841), as well as many of his metaphysical poems, and also Thoreaus Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854), which is an account of an individuals attempt to live simply and in harmony with nature. Read the following passage carefully, and select the right answers from the alternatives given below in the question 46 to 50 : It would be more accurate to say that discourse, rather than language, plays a crucial part in structuring our experience. The whole idea of ‘language’ is something of a fiction: what we normally refer to as ‘language’ can more realistically be seen as heterogeneous collection of discourses. Each of us has access to a range of discourses, and it is these different discourses which give us access to, or enable us to perform, different ‘selves’. A discourse can be conceptualized as a ‘system of statements which cohere around common meanings and values’. So, for example, in contemporary Britain there are discourses which can be labeled ‘conservative’ – that is, discourses which emphasize values and meanings where the status quo is cherished: and there are discourses which can be labeled ‘patriarchal’ – that is, discourses which emphasize meanings and values which assume the superiority of males. Dominant discourses such as these appear ‘natural’: they are powerful precisely because they are able to make invisible the fact that they are just one among many different discourses. Theorizing language in this way is still new in linguistics (to the extent that many linguists would not regard analysis in terms of discourses as being part of linguistics). One of the advantages of talking about discourses rather than about language is that the concept’ discourse’ acknowledges the value-laden nature of language. There is no neutral discourse: whenever we speak we have to choose between different systems of meaning, different sets of values. This process allows us to show how language is implicated in our construction of different ‘selves’: different discourses position us in different ways in relation to the world.
Posted on: Fri, 11 Apr 2014 09:28:18 +0000