Bhagavad-gītā kiñcitadhītā One śloka a day - 8.01 & 8.02 अर्जुन उवाच | किं तद्ब्रह्म किमध्यात्मं किं कर्म पुरुषोत्तम | अधिभूतं च किं प्रोक्तमधिदैवं किमुच्यते || १ || अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन् मधुसूदन | प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः || २ || arjuna uvāca | kiṁ tadbrahma kimadhyātmaṁ kiṁ karma puruṣottama | adhibhūtaṁ ca kiṁ proktam adhidaivaṁ kimucyate || 1 || adhiyajñaḥ kathaṁ kotra dehesmin madhusūdana | prayāṇakāle ca kathaṁ jñeyosi niyatātmabhiḥ || 2 || Arjuna said: Puruṣottama (Kṛṣṇa)! What is that Brahman? What is centered on the self? What is karma? What is spoken of as centred on beings? And what is said to be centred on Gods? Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa)! How and who is that which is centred on ritual here in this body? At that time of death, how are you known by those whose minds are steady? Śaṅkara In 7.29 the Lord placed some moot points which provoked these questions from Arjuna. Madhusūdhana Saraswatī At the end of the last chapter, the Lord has aphoristically stated seven things that are to be known. This eighth chapter is begun as a commentary on them. What is that Brahman? What is that ātmā that resides in the body? Is it the organs etc. or the indwelling consciousness? What does all action mean? Since nothing is unknowable to Kṛṣṇa, he being omniscient, Arjuna addresses him as puruṣottama. What is said to be adhibhūtam? What is said to be adhidaivam? What is adhiyajñah? And what way is he to be thought of? As identified with oneself, or as totally non-different? Does he exist in this body or outside? Arjuna addresses him as Madhusūdana since Lord, in his supreme compassion, removes our calamities by even facing troubles. And how are you known at the time of death by people with concentrated minds? Pūjya Swami Dayananda Saraswati In the last two verses of the 7th chapter, Lord Kṛṣṇa talks about understanding a wiseman at the time of death and in the process introduced a several new words. This forms the basis on which Arjuna formulates questions in the next two verses. Arjuna asks what is this Brahman which you say the wisemen know. The word Brahma has many meanings. It can mean Veda or Brahman or Brahmaji. It also means something big. That can be anything. So what is that Brahman? What is meant by akhilam karma? What is adhi-ātmā? What is said to be adhi-bhūtam? Is there adhi-yajña in this body? Who is adhi-yajña and how is it to be understood? Arjuna addresses Kṛṣṇa as purṣottama which means the most exalted among the beings. But Kṛṣṇa is actually the only person that there really is. So here it means one beyond whom there is none. How does the wiseman whose mind is steady know you even at the time of death, when normally everyone else is preoccupied with other urgent concerns? How do they remember you, how did you become the object of their knowledge? These questions will be discussed by Bhagavān in the following verses.
Posted on: Wed, 10 Dec 2014 07:54:45 +0000
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