CHAPTER XVIII.- PERPOSITION AND PERPOSITIONAL PHRASES. • RELATION DENOTED BY PERPOSITION. 1. ABOUT(on +by+out): nearness of some kind:- I . he had a comforter about his neck nearness of time ii. it is about seven o’ clock. Nearness of place iii. he is about to married. Nearness of state iv. he went about his work in earnest. Occupation V. I am fond of hearing about ship. Concerning 2. ABOVE (ON+BY+UP) :- in a higher position: i.A sword was hanging above his head. Higher than,over ii.His expenses are above his means More than. iii.He is above such meanness superior to 3. ACROSS(ON+CROSS+CROSS-WISE):-FROM ONE SIDE TO THE OPPOSITE:- 1.My house is across the river. On opposite side of ii.he laid the bundle across the shoulders. On both side of iii. the light fell across the street. From one side to the other 4.AFTER(OF +TER,COMPARATIVE OF “OF”): Sequence:-- I .i will enter after you sequence in place ii.he arrived after you sequence in time iii.after all I have heard I am convinced. Sequence as effect iv.he is always seeking after wealth search or pursuit v.he takes after his father. resemblance vi.after all the advice I gave,he adopted a contrary course. Notwithstanding contract 5.AGAINST(ON +GOING) :OPPOSITION OF SOME KIND I.he is learning against a wall opposition of place ii.He is acting against his interest. Opposition of aim iii.store up your grain against famine. Provision for iv.four student have passed this year against three last year comparison 6.ALONG (ON +LONG,LENGTHWISE):- He line went along the highway [in the same line with anything :contrary He walked along the river ‘s bank to”across”] 7.AMID ,AMIDST(ON +MIDDLE):- He was brave amidst all dangers In the midst of. 8. AMONG,AMONGST (ON +GEMANG, in a multitude):- [Distribute the books among the students] in the midst of more than two. [He is fond of rambling among the tree.] 9. AROUND or ROUND (ON +ROUND) {To draw a circle round a given center They stood around him, while he spoke.} contrary to” amidst” 10. At: proximity with actual or intended contact:- He is not at home just now. Proximity in place He was there at four o’clock. Proximity in time He is now quite at his ease. Proximity in state Stand up at the word of command. Proximity in effect At what price is this sold? Proximity in value He frowned at me for laughing at him. Proximity in value He was busily at work all day. Proximity in occupation. 11. ATHWART(ON +THWART) : from one side to the other:- The shadow ran athwart the grass. Across. 12. BEFORE(BY +FORE) :- THE CONTRARY TO “BEHIND”- He stands before the door. In front of. The train starts before ten o’ clock. Priority in time Death before dishonor. Priority of choice 13.BEHIND(BY +HIND):- THE CONTRARY TO “BEFORE” The dog run behind its master. At the back of The train is behind its time. Lateness in time There is smile behind his frown. concealment 14. BELOW (BY +LOW):- AT A LOWER POINT OR DEGREE:- He stood below me in class. Lower than The number was below ten. Less than His attainments are below yours inferior to 15.(BENEATH)(BY +NEATH):- IN A LOWER POSITION:- Let us rest beneath the shade under His conduct is beneath contempt inferiority 16.BESIDE(BY +SIDE) : BY THE SIDE OF:- He is standing beside his mother. By the side of That remark is beside the question. irrelevancy 17.BESIDES IN ADDITION TO :- Besides advising ,he gave them money. In addition to 18. BETWEEN(BY +TWAIN): IN THE MIDDLE OF TWO:- How long halt ye between two opinion? 19.BEYOND (BY +YONDER):- OR PAST :on the farther side of:- My house is beyond or past those hills. place It is now half – past two o’clock. time This is past or beyond endurance state 20. BUT(BY +OUT):EXCEPT:- All but one were drowned. He was all but (every thing except) exception or exclusion Ruined. 21. BY: nearness of some kind:- Come and sit by me. Nearness in place Always get up by sun rise nearness in time He was fairly treated by me. Agency Seize him by the neck. Manner, means,or instrument. He is cleverer than you by a good deal. Amount, measure. He swore by heaven. adjuration 22. DOWN: Descent of some kind:- The money ran down the tree decent. 23. FOR: in front of ,or in the place of:- He will soon start for home. Direction in pace. He was imprisoned for life. Direction in time For what offence was he imprisoned. Cause or reson. For all his learning ,he has no sense. In spite of. He sold his horse for a small sum. exchange He fought hard for his friends. On behalf of. Do not translate word for word. Conformity. This stuff is not fit for food. Purpose 24.FROM : motion or rest apart from anything:- He had gone from home. space You must begin from day break. time He is sprung from noble ancestors. sources From all we hear he is mad. Inference This was all done from spite. motive A fool may easily be known from a wise man. Discrimination 25.IN :-rest in the interior of anythings;- He is not in the house. space Expect me in (at end of) a few days. time He is in a bed temper. State , manner We found a true friend in him. Point of reference. 26. INTO:- motion towards the interior of anything:- One stream flows into another. space He slept late into the day. time Water is changed into steam by heat. state 27. OF (SOME TIMES OFF):- Proceeding from , and hence pertaining to:- What did he die of? cause Of what family is he sprung? source He was despised and rejected of men. Agency(rare) He was deprived of his appointment separation He is man of strong will . quality He sent me a box of books. contents This box is made of leather. material He lived in the house of his father. Possession He received the sum of 100 rupee. apposition What are you thinking of ? concerning The horse is lame of one leg point of reference. Do not tear the page of that book partition. The love of parents(parents’love for child) subject. The love of parents (childs’ love for parents). Object He used to come here of an evening. Time. 28.OFF: separation at near distance.:- Ceylon is an island off the south of india. He fell off his horse. He was taken off his guard. 29. ON OR UPON;-Rest on the upper surface of a thing:- I place my hand on the table point of space. I came here on Saturday last point of time He lives on his father dependence He was appointed on these terms. Condition or basis They made an attack on my house. direction He spoke an hour on that subject. Concerning 30. OUT OF:-motion from the interior of a thing the mouse jumped out of its hole. place I paid it out of my own packet. source He said that out of ill temper. motive He is out of his mind. Exclusion 31.OVER( comparative of “of”):above and beyond any. The sun shines over the earth. Above in space He was absent over two weeks. Beyond in time His house is over the way. On the other side of He is placed over me. authority He was promoted over my head. Precedence 32.SINCE: from some point of past time(not from a period of time) It has not rained since Thursday last. 33.THAN:- comparison or difference :- I will not take less than ten rupees. comparison No person other than graduate will be fit. Difference 34. THROUGH : across the interior of any thing:- Bore a hole through that plank. place He worked hard through or through out the summer. time He has passed through many troubles. state Through your help I may succeed. causes All this was done through envy. Motive 35. TO:-motion towards anything:- He has returned to his father’s house. place You must go back to night. time To all appearances he is tired. adaptation The chances are three to one. proportion They fought to the last man. limit To their utter disgust they failed. effect {they will come to dinner} purpose. {he came to see us} 36. TOWARDS :- He is coming towards the house. Nearness of approach. It is now towards evening. Nearness of time He was very kind towards his neighbour . behavior He gave nothing towards that object. In aid of. 37. UNDER:-Rest or motion in a lower place:- The house is under repairs. subjection It will not be finished under ten days less than He travelled under the guise of a monk concealment 38.UP: rest or motion to a higher place :- The monkey ran up the tree. Motion The monkey is seated up the tree rest 39.WITH:- He arrived with all his language union in place Frogs begin to croak with the rainfall union in time His view do not accord with mine. agreement One king fought with another. opposition I parted with my friend yesterday. Separation He is not popular with his pupils. Point of reference With all his wealth he is in debt. In spite of He killed the kite with a stone. Instrument He looked upon them with anger. manner He has long been sick with fever. cause 40 . WITHIN: Inside the limits of anything:- He always slept within doors. space You must be back within an hour. time This is not within my power. Circumstance 41.WITHOUT :-On the outside of anything :- He came without any money. Opposite to “with” He stood without the gate. Opposite to” within” 416. prepositional phrase:- the following examples show how the principal prepositional phrase are used. Every such phrase ends in a simple preposition. As to-I will inquire again as to what reason are. At home in –he is quite at home in (familiar with) Euclid. At the top of. –he shouted at the top of his voice (as loud as he could). At enmity with :-the Jews were at enmity with (enemies to) the Samaritans. At variance with . :-your words are at variance with( opposed to) the facts. Because of:-he could not leave the house because of snowstorm.
Posted on: Tue, 11 Nov 2014 12:19:44 +0000
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