FORENSIC SCIENCE Midterm 1. The goal of processing a crime scene is : When the first officer arrives at the crime scene it to secure the scene and prevent destruction or alteration of the critical and sometimes fragile context of a crime scene. 2. The photography of the crime scene should begin: as soon as possible. 3. According to your text, the single most important piece of paper generated at the crime scene is the chain of custody for evidence. 4. Evidence is anything. 5. Circumstantial evidence is : Evidence based upon inference and not on personal knowledge or observation. 6. Exculpatory evidence is : Evidence tending to establish a criminal defendant’s innocence. 7. According to Edmund Locard, when two objects come into contact with each other: information is exchanged. 8. Name the five(5) conditions that affect transfer: •The pressure applied during contact •The number of contacts •How easily the item transfer material •The form of Evidence(Solid/particulate, liquid, etc.) •How much the item is involved in the contact 9. With the respect to magnification system, a compound magnification system is : where magnification occurs in two stages, and total magnification is the product of the magnification of first and second lens. 10. A virtual image is : When an observer looks at the first image with a lens that produces an enlarge image and the image the eye perceives. 11. A lens is : A piece of glass or other transparent substance with curved sides for concentrating or dispersing light rays. 12. A compound microscope Is : employs a magnification system that exceeds the limits imposed by simple lens. A second lens is placed in line with the first one, and this further enlarge the image. 13. Evidence that is transferred from a source to a location with no intermediaries is said to have undergone a: Direct transfer. 14. Contamination is: an undesired transfer of information between items of evidence. 15. Controls are: materials whose source is known and which are used for comparison with unknown evidence. Controls are often used to determine if a chemical test is performing correctly. 16. There are two types of controls. Name them. •positive and negative 17. What is the consequence of not running a positive or negative control test? If none of these are being tested, they can either cause a person to be falsely incriminated in a crime or a person may be falsely exonerated from a crime that he or she really did commit. 18. What is a Type I error? I f a negative control is not used, a false positive may be the result; it may be concluded that the stain is blood when it is not. 19. What is a Type II error? Failure to run a positive control can cause a false negative result.
Posted on: Thu, 13 Mar 2014 06:21:29 +0000
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