John Horse (ca. 1812–1882), also known as Juan Caballo, Juan Cavallo, John Cowaya (with spelling variations) and Gopher John, (Black Seminole) was an African-American military adviser to the chief Osceola and a leader of Black Seminole units fighting against United States (US) troops during the Seminole Wars in Florida. Of Seminole-African-Spanish descent, he moved to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) during Indian Removal in 1842 and was personally freed in 1843. When the Black Seminoles faced continuing threats from slave raiders, he led a group to northern Mexico, where they achieved freedom in 1850. Horse served as a captain in the Mexican army and, after 1870, with the US Army as a scout.
Posted on: Sat, 09 Aug 2014 00:18:35 +0000
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