Memahami pertikaian Palestina dan Israel harus mengetahui sejarahnya dulu tanpa harus menghakimi.. Mare banyak baca dan menggali kenapa di Middle East Perang negara tidak pernah berhenti.. Baca dan simak baru koment. The Society of the Muslim Brothers (Arabic: جماعة الإخوان المسلمين), shortened to the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn), is a transnational Islamic organization which was founded in Egypt in 1928 by the Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna. It began as a Pan-Islamic, religious, and social movement. The Muslim Brotherhood had an estimated two million members by the end of World War II. Its ideas had gained supporters throughout the Arab world and influenced other Islamist groups with its model of political activism combined with Islamic charity work. In 2012, it became the first democratically elected political party in Egypt, but it is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Bahrain,Egypt, Russia, Syria, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. However, the Brotherhood insists it is a peaceful organisation, pointing to its democratic elections, and has consistently renounced violence. Its top leader is on record as saying that the group condemns violence and violent acts. The Brotherhoods stated goal is to instill the Quran and Sunnah as the sole reference point for ...ordering the life of the Muslim family, individual, community ... and state. The movement officially renounced political violence in 1949, after a period of considerable political tension which ended in the assassination of Egyptian Prime Minister Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha by a young veterinary student who was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood. The Muslim Brotherhood is financed by contributions from its members, who are required to allocate a portion of their income to the movement. Some of these contributions are from members who work in Saudi Arabia and other oil-rich countries. The Muslim Brotherhood started as a religious social organization: preaching Islam, teaching the illiterate, setting up hospitals and even launching commercial enterprises. As its influence grew, it began to oppose British rule in Egypt, starting in 1936. Many Egyptian nationalists accuse the Muslim Brotherhood of violent killings during this period. After the Arab defeat in the First Arab-Israeli war, the Egyptian government dissolved the organization and arrested its members.The Muslim Brotherhood supported the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, but after being implicated in an attempted assassination of Egypts president it was once again banned and repressed.The Muslim Brotherhood has been suppressed in other countries as well, most notably in Syria in 1982 during the Hama massacre. The Arab Spring at first brought considerable success for the Brotherhood, but as of 2013 it has suffered severe reversals. After some six decades of illegal status, the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood was legalized in 2011 when the regime of Hosni Mubarak was overthrown. As the countrys strongest political organization, the Brotherhood won several elections, including the 2012 presidential election when its candidate Mohamed Morsi became Egypts first democratically elected president. However, one year later, on 3 July 2013, Morsi was himself overthrown by the military as a response to civil unrest across the country. Millions of Egyptians demonstrated across Egypt, varying from general anger over poor economic conditions, protests against the governments move to grant Morsi more power, to demanding the resignation of Morsi. As of 2014, the organization is once again suffering a severe crackdown. On 25 December 2013, the interim Egyptian government declared the Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist group as a response to an attack on a police headquarters in Mansoura on 23 December 2013. The same day however, Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, a Sinai-based group, declared responsibility for the bombing. Hamas (Arabic: حماس Ḥamās, enthusiasm, an acronym of حركة المقاومة الاسلامية Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamah al-ʾIslāmiyyah, Islamic Resistance Movement) is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist organization, with an associated military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, in the Palestinian territories. Since 2007, Hamas has governed the Gaza Strip, after it won a majority of seats in the Palestinian Parliament in the 2006 Palestinian parliamentary elections and defeated the Fatah political organization in a series of violent clashes. Israel, the United States, Canada, the European Union, Jordan, Egypt and Japan classify Hamas as a terrorist organization,while Iran, Russia, Turkey, China and many nations across the Arab world do not. Based on the principles of Islamism gaining momentum throughout the Arab world in the 1980s, Hamas was founded in 1987 (during the First Intifada) as an offshoot of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. Co-founder Sheik Ahmed Yassin stated in 1987, and the Hamas Charter affirmed in 1988, that Hamas was founded to liberate Palestine from Israeli occupation and to establish an Islamic state in the area that is now Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.However, in July 2009, Khaled Meshal, Hamass political bureau chief, said the organization was willing to cooperate with a resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict which included a Palestinian state based on 1967 borders, provided that Palestinian refugees hold the right to return to Israel and that East Jerusalem be the new nations capital. However, Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook, deputy chairman of Hamas political bureau, said in 2014 that Hamas will not recognize Israel, adding this is a red line that cannot be crossed. The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the Hamas affiliated military wing, has launched attacks on Israel, against both civilian and military targets.Attacks on civilian targets have included rocket attacks and, from 1993 to 2006, suicide bombings. Attacks on military targets have included small-arms fire and rocket and mortar attacks. In the January 2006 Palestinian parliamentary elections Hamas won a decisive majority in the Palestinian Parliament, defeating the PLO-affiliated Fatah party. Following the elections, the Quartet (United States, Russia, United Nations, and European Union) conditioned future foreign assistance to the PA on the future governments commitment to nonviolence, recognition of the state of Israel, and acceptance of previous agreements. Hamas resisted such changes, leading to Quartet suspension of its foreign assistance program and Israel imposing economic sanctions against the Hamas-led administration. In March 2007 a national unity government, headed by Prime Minister Ismail Haniya of Hamas was briefly formed, but this failed to restart international financial assistance. Tensions over control of Palestinian security forces soon erupted into the 2007 Battle of Gaza, after which Hamas retained control of Gaza while its officials were ousted from government positions in the West Bank. Israel and Egypt then imposed an economic blockade on Gaza, on the grounds that Fatah forces were no longer providing security there. In June 2008, as part of an Egyptian-brokered ceasefire, Hamas ceased rocket attacks on Israel and made some efforts to prevent attacks by other organizations. After a four-month calm, the conflict escalated when Israel carried out a military action with the stated aim of preventing an abduction planned by Hamas, using a tunnel that had been dug under the border security fence,[broken citation] and killed seven Hamas operatives. In retaliation, Hamas attacked Israel with a barrage of rockets. In late December 2008, Israel attacked Gaza, withdrawing its forces from the territory in mid-January 2009. After the Gaza War, Hamas continued to govern the Gaza Strip and Israel maintained its economic blockade. On May 4, 2011, Hamas and Fatah announced a reconciliation agreement that provides for creation of a joint caretaker Palestinian government prior to national elections scheduled for 2012. According to Israeli news reports quoting Fatah leader Mahmoud Abbas, as a condition of joining the PLO, Khaled Meshaal agreed to discontinue the armed struggle against Israel and accept Palestinian statehood within the 1967 borders, alongside Israel
Posted on: Fri, 11 Jul 2014 23:11:23 +0000
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