Old friends murderers When in August 1943, a group of boys went to the guerrillas to power its ranks, Ukrainians grabbed a bunch of them in Myćkowie , locked in an empty hut and surrendered cruel torture . What are they raided with them ! This old Ukrainian , who lives nearby, who I later OPs Joanna Zamościńska - Kucałowa is one of the last living even women who fought in the ranks of 27 Volyn Infantry Division Army. It comes from the legendary Zasmyk in the district of Kovel , which began to create her first branches. She was born in this village in 1923 and well remembers the times of war . Her mother Anna Urban came home with Presieki - the village where most of the inhabitants were Ukrainians . Father Bronislaw was a native of Zasmyk where Zamościńscy were deeply rooted and branched family. Very large family - My parents were farmers. They had Zasmykach farm with an area of twelve hectares - recalls. - In 1937 , still bought the two acres of Onofrio Luke, who traveled to Kovel and liquidating household Zasmykach . Somehow in them he did not prosper , and hoped that in Kovel arrange the better . My father , when included marriage with my mother , he had 32 years and was already a grown man . This resulted from the fact that fifteen years was outside the house. His military service in the Tsarist Army and fought in the First World War . He beat up , as I told , including on the Finnish front . At the end of the war he was captured in Hungary , where he spent a lot of time . My mother , when she married his father , was 24 years old . My family was very large and well known Zasmykach . This resulted from the fact that in all the arms of her was always a lot of kids . Zamościńska grandmother had fifteen children . In my time there were nine of them , five daughters and four sons . The oldest daughter was named Eleonora , wife Wielgat , Maria , who married Wojdak , Bronislaw Nightingale wife , Susanna Urbanowa , whose husband was the brother of my mother . The youngest daughter, grandmother, remembered by me, her name was Eufemia . She had married Michalski . Sons have names : Bronislaw , Francis, Charles and Anthony . The oldest of them was my father . In Zasmykach Zamościńskich part of the family lived in the neighboring estates . school years Next to us was their grandfather and grandmother Susanna Wladyslaw home Piątkówny . Next was the farm of his uncle Charles , who married with Stefania Witkowska , coming from a family that arrived from Volhynia Wielgomłynów in the district Radomsko . A little further Zasmykach lived another Bronislaw Zamościński , uncle of my father. On the other side of the road Zasmykach still living basil Zamościński son of John Zamościńskiego , the late , one of the four brothers of my grandfather. At home I had another brother Boguslaw , who later in the identity card , issued after the war saved the name Boleslaw . This fact gave to obliterate traces of conspiracy and operated under that name in Poland. No one associated with Zasmykami not because I changed the place of birth . The school initially went to Zasmyk . In fifth grade , when built a new school in our village , I went to school in Gruszówce , a neighboring settlement . I graduated from sixth grade in Hołobach , a town situated nearby. After graduating, he should go to school , but I do not remember whether I was afraid of the exam , if they decide the other considerations that ultimately went even to the seventh grade in Kovel , and then began teaching at the Gymnasium . Julius Slovak in Kovel . Parents could afford it , because through their hard work prospered us pretty well. House known Zasmykach - Our farm was large, impressed buildings , as well as , the house, which served as the role of culture- Zasmykach . The most important function held in the large room, with an area of over thirty meters . Took place in the amateur performances , celebrations and fun. Even the school benefited from it . Of course, as in the whole village , there was no electricity in our house . In general we can say that before the war, people in Zasmykach lived well. Poor people in them was not enough. Lived near us further our cousin Klekot whose parents did not have the land and rented out at home to work. Opposite the church even poorer family lived Titus . It is also worth mentioning that Zasmyki were plenty vast country. Stretched over five kilometers from the Rokitnica to Piórkowicz from east to west . Rokitnica was almost entirely Ukrainian village that is caused by parceling the property of Mr. Bialystok after the January Uprising in 1863 His descendant of the family, perhaps the only Polish , lived in this village. Serfdom did not work out - Some Poles of Zasmyk also seems to have acquired some pieces of his land . My family did not , because I arrived at the Volyn much earlier , because after the November Uprising of the province of Lomza . My great-grandfather came from Antoni gentry . After the November Uprising , in which he had his party , he had to flee and decided to go for Volyn . I remember my grandfather always insisted that serfdom Zamościńscy never works out . Speaking of Zasmykach , you must also mention the Poles relations with Ukrainians . In my opinion they were very good . I never heard of any conflicts. Among my colleagues I had many Ukrainians and Ukrainian women and I do not recall any of them schism . This was the school Zasmykach , Gruszówce , and Hołobach . My mom, who I mentioned came from the village Peresieki , in which the majority were Ukrainians , had many friends among them . Particularly good relations connected it with the family Golczewskich . Unfortunately, after all the things have changed . Friends turned out to be refined , Asian murderers. The perpetrator Colic With Golczewskich son , whom everyone said Kolka , befriended , among others, youngest brother of my mother , or uncle Stephen . Total feed the cows , along a raised , almost ate from a common bowl. When in August 1943, a group of boys went to the guerrillas to power its ranks, Ukrainians grabbed a bunch of them in Myćkowie , locked in an empty hut and surrendered cruel torture . What are they raided with them ! This old Ukrainian , who lives nearby, who told me later , wrung her hands and said - muczyły their , ah muczyły ! Among these torturers , as determined later , was also Kolka , who led the entire group . Especially pastwił it over the Jerouszkiem a Czech , which , like the uncle who raised and treated him like a brother. Our guerrillas found murdered and brought to Zasmyk to bury them . I was not allowed to watch their corpses were so badly mangled . My aunt survived it terribly . Jerouszek like the others , had broken arms and legs, torn tongue and hatched eyes ! Shocked was also the uncle who very friendly with the Jerouszkiem . For him, it was this tragic experience , because it is him with a group of partisans from the Hawk came to hunt down the colic and his companions to inflict them justice. Polish is gone In September 1939 , when Germany invaded Poland , Joanna Zamoscińska was 16 years old. The outbreak of war , as I later events , remembered very well. - The German attack on our country all survived terribly - she recalls. - My father is crying. I tried to comfort him , but he only answered - Polish is gone ! Poland is over ! - He had no illusions that Poland and Germany will lose the war , and will benefit from the Soviets . Initially , however, the war did not feel . Her first symptom were refugees from the western Polish , seeking refuge from the Germans . I remember that we were quartered in refugees from Blachowni near Czestochowa . One family called Sirek . They lived practically all farms. As the Soviets entered , almost all of the refugees have returned to their parties recognizing that there is no what to jail. A lot of them died before they reached the Zasmyk . Germany , after bombing their shipments . When the Soviets crossed the border into eastern Polish , both local Ukrainians and Jews began to get ready for their greeting. Pozakładali red armbands and then found out how many of them belonged to the Communist Party of Western Ukraine. you show - Frightened us especially news coming from Kovel . Those Jews soon be organized and began to menace - Well , we ll show you now Polacks ! - Based on them, the Bolsheviks began to organize his militia. Ukrainians also greet them with enthusiasm and in the field , the Soviets relied on them in the administration. Some of them have already made no secret of his attitude towards the Polish state. They were detained by the police, and even in jail . In Gruszówce brothers lived stryjeczni Łozowiccy . Both were named Ivan . They differed hair color . On the one discussed Ivan Black and the second Ivan White . Ivan White finished high school in Lviv , and as they entered the Soviets , it made him a teacher in a school in Zasmykach , and Ivan Black organized Zasmykach so . Piatichatki , or talks, aimed recognize us politically . Some of them were held in our house. I then I asked him a difficult, tricky questions , of which this was not pleased . Very did not like . After some time he moved so his piatichatki elsewhere. two Ivans - I asked him how he knows for example, that the Soviet Union is as well , since he never was . I asked him about the various details that he had no idea . Ivan White , as entered in the Volyn Germany , was Zasmykach and soon joined the nationalists. It was a very common phenomenon . The latter Ivan , who tried to educate us politically , he was a communist and a hard time with the Soviets fled to the East. In addition to these two Ukrainian Communists in the area was still a few , but generally speaking it can be said that you were not even our worst . As it began deportation is one of Zasmyk not deported . Do not harmed so people . Each course is guarded so as not to be regarded as a kulak , whether the suspect item. Father example, had two horses , only one . Do not keep four cows , only two , etc. Along with the other also indulged during any quotas , and took part in all social work on the road. February 10, 1940 , the came to us but terrible news that the NKVD exported Wojdaków family living in Seweliczach , Lokachi parish , district Horochów . The wife of the head of the family was my fathers sister . In dramatic circumstances - The family does not belong to the rich. Rather were among the poorest . Brother of Wojdak was, however, once in the United States . He made with them, and bought a large farm . Hurt took them both and in dramatic circumstances . The eldest son Wojdaków , Staszek went into the woods at night after a tree, and the house has three of his brothers and sister . When he returned home, he found no one . Staszek could escape , but he knew that parents with three small children need not apply . He ran after them. He had to run to the track , where there were freight wagons, which were loaded exported . There it seems to Horochowie . Soon we received a letter from Wojdaków which informed us that they were deported to the camp near Archangelsk and work at clearing the forest. We guessed that it is the very hard . They wrote fact that food stamps are getting only the people who work . We know that children do not work . So we send the package by which survived for amnesty . Basil Zamościński , as previously mentioned, and which for a long time , as I later learned , was linked to the conspiracy , received a lot of addresses of people deported from Kovel to the Soviet Union , which we sent the package. Packages for exiles We walked around the village with Basil and collected a variety of durable products that then we packed and shipped to the needy. Of course, not from a single address . Broadcasters were constantly different. With some well established contact correspondence , which maintained even after the war. The son of one of the country wrote to me to this day . Hes after the war made me realize how terribly people on the deportation in the region of Arkhangelsk starving . He told me how my parents managed to catch a dog that had killed and eaten . Buried the dogs skin to cover their tracks . Later, they were so hungry that dug the skin and also ate ... The situation is exported aggravated by the fact that as they brought in the new place of settlement , the frost was minus 40 degrees Celsius and herded them to the felling of the forest. Everyone who works has the exacting standard , we have to do . Hungry and poor people have had with this and for obvious reasons problems . Who the standards are not done , he had cut off the exchange of food on the principle - not rabotajesz not kuszajesz ! - The circle was closing up and after some time the culprit , not performing standards Insomuch to the cemetery. Sent to the deportees were pack so the importance of life. Particularly tragic was the fate of large families. Parents shared their food with them humble and very quickly lose strength . Often the mother died first , then the children and the father . Cdn . Marek A. Koprowski iadała , wrung her hands and said - muczyły their , ah muczyły !
Posted on: Sat, 07 Dec 2013 06:27:06 +0000