QUICK REVIEW OF HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY............... 600 B.C. Thales of Miletus writes about amber becoming charged by rubbing - he was describing what we now call static electricity. 1600 English scientist, William Gilbert first coined the term electricity from the Greek word for amber. Gilbert wrote about the electrification of many substances in his De magnete, magneticisique corporibus. He also first used the terms electric force, magnetic pole, and electric attraction. 1660 Otto von Guericke invented a machine that produced static electricity. 1675 Robert Boyle discovered that electric force could be transmitted through a vacuum and observed attraction and repulsion. 1729 Stephen Grays discovery of the conduction of electricity. 1733 Charles Francois du Fay discovered that electricity comes in two forms which he called resinous(-)and vitreous(+). Benjamin Franklin and Ebenezer Kinnersley later renamed the two forms as positive and negative. 1745 Georg Von Kleist discovered that electricity was controllable. Dutch physicist, Pieter van Musschenbroek invented the Leyden Jar the first electrical capacitor. Leyden jars store static electricity. 1747 Benjamin Franklin experiments with static charges in the air and theorized about the existence of an electrical fluid that could be composed of particles. William Watson discharged a Leyden jar through a circuit, that began the comprehension of current and circuit. Henry Cavendish started measuring the conductivity of different materials. 1752 Benjamin Franklin invented the lightening rod - he demonstrated lightning was electricity. 1767 Joseph Priestley discovered that electricity followed Newtons inverse-square law of gravity. 1786 Italian physician, Luigi Galvani demonstrated what we now understand to be the electrical basis of nerve impulses when he made frog muscles twitch by jolting them with a spark from an electrostatic machine. 1800 First electric battery invented by Alessandro Volta. Volta proved that electricity could travel over wires. 1816 First energy utility in US founded. 1820 Relationship of electricity and magnetism confirmed by Hans Christian Oersted who observed that electrical currents effected the needle on a compass and Marie Ampere, who discovered that a coil of wires acted like a magnet when a current is passed thorough it. D. F. Arago invented the electromagnet. 1821 First electric motor invented by Michael Faraday. 1826 Ohms Law written by Georg Simon Ohm states that conduction law that relates potential, current, and circuit resistance 1827 Joseph Henrys electromagnetic experiments lead to the concept of electrical inductance. Joseph Henry built one of the first electrical motors. 1831 Principles of electromagnetism induction, generation and transmission discovered by Michael Faraday. 1837 First industrial electric motors. 1839 First fuel cell invented by Sir William Robert Grove, a Welsh judge, inventor and physicist. 1841 J. P. Joules law of electrical heating published. 1873 James Clerk Maxwell wrote equations that described the electromagnetic field, and predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves traveling with the speed of light. 1878 Edison Electric Light Co. (US) and American Electric and Illuminating (Canada) founded. 1879 First commercial power station opens in San Francisco, uses Charles Brush generator and arc lights. First commercial arc lighting system installed, Cleveland, Ohio. Thomas Edison demonstrates his incandescent lamp, Menlo Park, New Jersey. 1880 First power system isolated from Edison. In Grand Rapids Michigan: Charles Brush arc light dynamo driven by water turbine used to provide theater and storefront illumination. 1881 Niagra Falls, New York; Charles Brush dynamo, connected to turbine in Quigleys flour mill lights city street lamps. 1882 Edison Company opens Pearl Street power station. The first hydroelectric power station opens in Wisconsin. 1883 The electric transformer is invented. Thomas Edison introduces the three-wire transmission system. 1884 Steam turbine invented by Charles Parsons. 1886 William Stanley develops transformer and Alternating Current electric system. Frank Sprague builds first American transformer and demonstrates use of step up and step down transformers for long distance AC power transmission in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. The Westinghouse Electric Company is organized. 40 to 50 water powered electric plants reported on line or under construction in the U.S. and Canada. 1887 In San Bernadino, California, the High Grove Station, first hydroelectric plant in the West is opened. 1888 Rotating field AC alternator invented by Nikola Tesla. 1889 Oregon City Oregon, Willamette Falls station, first AC hydroelectric plant. Single phase power transmitted 13 miles to Portland at 4,000 volts, stepped down to 50 volts for distribution. 1891 60 cycle AC system introduced in U.S. 1892 General Electric Company formed by the merger of Thomson-Houston and Edison General Electric. 1893 Westinghouse demonstrates universal system of generation and distribution at Chicago exposition. In Austin, Texas, the first dam designed specifically for hydroelectric power built across Colorado River is completed. 1897 Electron discovered by J. J. Thomson.
Posted on: Sun, 24 Nov 2013 07:11:45 +0000
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