(Redirected from Bob marley) Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Bob Marley (disambiguation). Marley redirects here. For other uses, see Marley (disambiguation). Page semi-protected Bob Marley Black and white picture of a man with long dreadlocks playing the guitar on stage. Bob Marley performing in concert, circa 1980. Background information Birth name Nesta Robert Marley Also known as Tuff Gong Born 6 February 1945 Nine Mile, Saint Ann, Jamaica Died 11 May 1981 (aged 36) Miami, Florida, United States Genres Reggae, ska, rocksteady Occupations Singer-songwriter, musician, guitarist Instruments Vocals, guitar, percussion Years active 1962–1981 Labels Beverleys, Studio One, Wailn Soulm, JAD, Upsetter, Tuff Gong, Island Associated acts Bob Marley and the Wailers Website bobmarley Nesta Robert Marley OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter who achieved international fame through a series of crossover reggae albums.[1][2] Starting out in 1963 with the group the Wailers, he forged a distinctive songwriting and vocal style that would later resonate with audiences worldwide. The Wailers would go on to release some of the earliest reggae records with producer Lee Scratch Perry.[3] After the Wailers disbanded in 1974,[4] Marley pursued a solo career which culminated in the release of the album Exodus in 1977 which established his worldwide reputation.[5] He was a committed Rastafarian who infused his music with a profound sense of spirituality.[6] Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Bob Marley and the Wailers 2.1 1963–1972: Early years 2.2 1972–1974: Move to Island Records 2.3 1974–1976: Line-up changes 2.4 1977–1978: Relocation to England 2.5 1979–1981: Later years 3 Illness and death 4 Personal life 4.1 Religion 4.2 Family 5 Legacy 5.1 Awards and honors 5.2 Other tributes 5.3 In popular culture 5.4 Film adaptations 6 Discography 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links Early life and career Bob Marley was born on the farm of his maternal grandfather in Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica.[7] His family named him Nesta Robert Marley though later a Jamaican passport official would reverse his first and middle names.[8][9] He attended Stepney Primary and Junior High School which serves the catchment area of Saint Ann.[10][11] Norval Marley His father, Norval Sinclair Marley, was an Anglo-Jamaican, of Syrian[12] descent,[13] whose family came from England. Norval claimed to have been a captain in the Royal Marines.[14] He was a plantation overseer when he married Cedella Booker, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old.[15] Norval provided financial support for his wife and child, but seldom saw them, as he was often away on trips. In 1955, when Bob Marley was 10 years old, his father died of a heart attack at age 70.[16] Marley faced questions about his own racial identity throughout his life. He once reflected: I dont have prejudice against meself. My father was a white and my mother was black. Them call me half-caste or whatever. Me dont deh pon nobodys side. Me dont deh pon the black mans side nor the white mans side. Me deh pon Gods side, the one who create me and cause me to come from black and white.[17] The Bob Marley House in Nine Mile is a home that he shared with his mother during his youth Although Marley recognised his mixed ancestry, throughout his life and because of his beliefs, he self-identified himself as a Jamaican of African descent, following the ideas of Pan-African leaders.[citation needed] Marley stated that his two biggest influences were Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I and Marcus Garvey. A central theme in Bob Marleys message was the repatriation to Zion of those of African descent that had been dispersed around the world by the practice of slavery.[18] In songs such as Survival, Babylon System, and Blackman Redemption, Marley sings about the struggles of Africans against oppression from the West or Babylon.[19] Marley met Neville Livingston (later known as Bunny Wailer) in Nine Mile. Bobs mother and Bunnys father together had a daughter, who was a younger sister to both Bob and Bunny. Marley and Livingston had something in common: they had both started to play music together while Marley was still at elementary school. Marley left Nine Mile with his mother when he was 12 and moved to Trench Town, Kingston. While in Trench Town, he met up with Livingston again and they formed a musical collaboration with Joe Higgs, a local singer and devout Rastafari. At a jam session with Higgs and Livingston, Marley met Peter McIntosh (later known as Peter Tosh), who had similar musical ambitions.[20] In 1962, Marley recorded his first two singles, Judge Not and One Cup of Coffee, with local music producer Leslie Kong. These songs, released on the Beverleys label under the pseudonym of Bobby Martell,[21] attracted little attention. The songs were later re-released on the box set Songs of Freedom, a posthumous collection of Marleys work. Bob Marley and the Wailers Main article: Bob Marley and the Wailers 1963–1972: Early years In 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith formed a ska and rocksteady group called The Teenagers. They later changed the name to The Wailing Rudeboys, then to The Wailing Wailers, at which point they were discovered by record producer Coxsone Dodd, and finally to The Wailers. By 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, and Smith had left The Wailers, leaving the core trio of Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, and Peter Tosh.[22] In 1966, Marley married Rita Anderson, and moved near his mothers residence in Wilmington, Delaware in the United States for a short time, during which he worked as a DuPont lab assistant and on the assembly line at a Chrysler plant, under the alias Donald Marley.[23] Though raised as a Catholic, Marley became captivated by Rastafarian beliefs in the 1960s, when away from his mothers influence.[24] Formally converted to Rastafari after returning to Jamaica, Marley began to wear his trademark dreadlocks (see the religion section for more on Marleys religious views). After a conflict with Dodd, Marley and his band teamed up with Lee Scratch Perry and his studio band, The Upsetters. Although the alliance lasted less than a year, they recorded what many consider The Wailers finest work. Marley and Perry split after a dispute regarding the assignment of recording rights, but they would remain friends and work together again. Bob Marleys flat in 1972 at 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London. Between 1968 and 1972, Bob and Rita Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer re-cut some old tracks with JAD Records in Kingston and London in an attempt to commercialise The Wailers sound. Bunny later asserted that these songs should never be released on an album ... they were just demos for record companies to listen to. In 1968, Bob and Rita visited songwriter Jimmy Norman at his apartment in the Bronx; Norman had written the extended lyrics for Kai Windings Time Is on My Side (covered by the Rolling Stones) and had also written for Johnny Nash and Jimi Hendrix.[25] A three-day jam session with Norman and others, including Normans co-writer Al Pyfrom, resulted in a 24-minute tape of Marley performing several of his own and Norman-Pyfroms compositions. This tape is, according to Reggae archivist Roger Steffens, rare in that it was influenced by pop rather than reggae, as part of an effort to break Marley into the American charts.[25] According to an article in The New York Times, Marley experimented on the tape with different sounds, adopting a doo-wop style on Stay With Me and the slow love song style of 1960s artists on Splish for My Splash.[25] An artist yet to establish himself outside his native Jamaica, Marley lived in Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, during 1972.[26] 1972–1974: Move to Island Records In 1972, the Wailers entered into an ill-fated deal with CBS Records and embarked on a tour with American soul singer Johnny Nash. Broke, the Wailers became stranded in London. Marley turned up at the London office of Chris Blackwell, the founder of Island Records, and asked him to advance the cost of a new single. Since Jimmy Cliff, Islands top reggae star, had recently left the label, Blackwell was primed for a replacement. In Marley, Blackwell recognized the elements needed to snare the rock audience: I was dealing with rock music, which was really rebel music. I felt that would really be the way to break Jamaican music. But you needed someone who could be that image. When Bob walked in he really was that image.[27] Blackwell told Marley he wanted The Wailers to record a complete album. When Marley told him it would take between £3,000 and £4,000, Blackwell advanced the greater sum and the Wailers returned to Kingston to record which resulted in the album Catch a Fire. Primarily recorded on eight-track at Harry Js in Kingston, Catch a Fire marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock n roll peers.[27] Blackwell desired to create more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm,[28] and restructured Marleys mixes and arrangements. Marley travelled to London to supervise Blackwells overdubbing of the album, which included tempering the mix from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music, and omitting two tracks.[27] The Wailers first major label album, Catch a Fire was released worldwide in April 1973, packaged like a rock record with a unique Zippo lighter lift-top. Initially selling 14,000 units, it didnt make Marley a star, but received a positive critical reception.[27] It was followed later that year by Burnin, which included the standout songs Get Up, Stand Up, and I Shot the Sheriff, which appealed to the ear of Eric Clapton. He recorded a cover of the track in 1974 which became a huge American hit, raising Marleys international profile.[29] Many Jamaicans were not keen on the new improved reggae sound on Catch a Fire, but the Trenchtown style of Burnin found fans across both reggae and rock audiences.[27] During this period, Blackwell gifted his Kingston residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Road (then known as Island House) to Marley. Housing Tuff Gong Studios, the property became not only Marleys office, but also his home.[27] The Wailers were scheduled to open seventeen shows in the US for Sly and the Family Stone. After four shows, the band was fired because they were more popular than the acts they were opening for.[30] The Wailers broke up in 1974 with each of the three main members pursuing solo careers. The reason for the breakup is shrouded in conjecture; some believe that there were disagreements amongst Bunny, Peter, and Bob concerning performances, while others claim that Bunny and Peter simply preferred solo work. 1974–1976: Line-up changes A crowd of people standing in water and listening to a band perform on stage. Bob Marley & The Wailers live at Crystal Palace Park during the Uprising Tour Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as Bob Marley & The Wailers. His new backing band included brothers Carlton and Aston Family Man Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl Wya Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin Seeco Patterson on percussion. The I Threes, consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, and Marleys wife, Rita, provided backing vocals. In 1975, Marley had his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica, No Woman, No Cry, from the Natty Dread album.[31] This was followed by his breakthrough album in the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which reached the Top 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts.[32] On 3 December 1976, two days before Smile Jamaica, a free concert organised by the Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley in an attempt to ease tension between two warring political groups, Marley, his wife, and manager Don Taylor were wounded in an assault by unknown gunmen inside Marleys home. Taylor and Marleys wife sustained serious injuries, but later made full recoveries. Bob Marley received minor wounds in the chest and arm.[33] The attempt on his life was thought to have been politically motivated, as many felt the concert was really a support rally for Manley. Nonetheless, the concert proceeded, and an injured Marley performed as scheduled, two days after the attempt. When asked why, Marley responded, The people who are trying to make this world worse arent taking a day off. How can I? The members of the group Zap Pow played as Bob Marleys backup band before a festival crowd of 80,000 while members of The Wailers were still missing or in hiding.[34][35] Marley left Jamaica at the end of 1976, and after a month-long recovery and writing sojourn at the site of Chris Blackwells Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas, arrived in England, where he spent two years in self-imposed exile. 1977–1978: Relocation to England Marley performing in Dalymount Park in the late 1970s Whilst in England, he recorded the albums Exodus and Kaya. Exodus stayed on the British album charts for fifty-six consecutive weeks. It included four UK hit singles: Exodus, Waiting in Vain, Jamming, and One Love (a rendition of Curtis Mayfields hit, People Get Ready). During his time in London, he was arrested and received a conviction for possession of a small quantity of cannabis.[36] In 1978, Marley returned to Jamaica and performed at another political concert, the One Love Peace Concert, again in an effort to calm warring parties. Near the end of the performance, by Marleys request, Michael Manley (leader of then-ruling Peoples National Party) and his political rival Edward Seaga (leader of the opposing Jamaica Labour Party), joined each other on stage and shook hands.[37] Under the name Bob Marley and the Wailers eleven albums were released, four live albums and seven studio albums. The releases included Babylon by Bus, a double live album with thirteen tracks, were released in 1978 and received critical acclaim. This album, and specifically the final track Jamming with the audience in a frenzy, captured the intensity of Marleys live performances.[38] Marley wasnt singing about how peace could come easily to the World but rather how hell on Earth comes too easily to too many. His songs were his memories; he had lived with the wretched, he had seen the downpressers and those whom they pressed down. – Mikal Gilmore, Rolling Stone[39] 1979–1981: Later years Survival, a defiant and politically charged album, was released in 1979. Tracks such as Zimbabwe, Africa Unite, Wake Up and Live, and Survival reflected Marleys support for the struggles of Africans. His appearance at the Amandla Festival in Boston in July 1979 showed his strong opposition to South African apartheid, which he already had shown in his song War in 1976. In early 1980, he was invited to perform at the 17 April celebration of Zimbabwes Independence Day. Uprising (1980) was Bob Marleys final studio album, and is one of his most religious productions; it includes Redemption Song and Forever Loving Jah.[40] Confrontation, released posthumously in 1983, contained unreleased material recorded during Marleys lifetime, including the hit Buffalo Soldier and new mixes of singles previously only available in Jamaica.[41] Illness and death Marley in concert in 1980, Zurich, Switzerland In July 1977, Marley was found to have a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of a toe. Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match that year, but was instead a symptom of the already-existing cancer. Marley turned down his doctors advice to have his toe amputated, citing his religious beliefs.[42] Despite his illness, he continued touring and was in the process of scheduling a world tour in 1980.[43] The album Uprising was released in May 1980 (produced by Chris Blackwell), on which Redemption Song is, in particular, considered to be about Marley coming to terms with his mortality. The band completed a major tour of Europe, where it played its biggest concert to 100,000 people in Milan. After the tour Marley went to America, where he performed two shows at Madison Square Garden as part of the Uprising Tour. Bob Marley appeared at the Stanley Theater (now called The Benedum Center For The Performing Arts) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on 23 September 1980; it would be his last concert. Shortly afterwards, Marleys health deteriorated and he became very ill; the cancer had spread throughout his body. The rest of the tour was cancelled and Marley sought treatment at the Bavarian clinic of Josef Issels, where he received a controversial type of cancer therapy (Issels treatment) partly based on avoidance of certain foods, drinks, and other substances. After fighting the cancer without success for eight months, Marley boarded a plane for his home in Jamaica.[44] While flying home from Germany to Jamaica, Marleys vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, he was taken to the hospital for immediate medical attention. Bob Marley died on 11 May 1981 at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami (now University of Miami Hospital); he was 36 years old. The spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain caused his death. His final words to his son Ziggy were Money cant buy life.[45] Marley received a state funeral in Jamaica on 21 May 1981, which combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy[46][47] and Rastafari tradition.[48] He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace with his red Gibson Les Paul (some accounts say it was a Fender Stratocaster).[49] On 21 May 1981, Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the final funeral eulogy to Marley, declaring: His voice was an omnipresent cry in our electronic world. His sharp features, majestic looks, and prancing style a vivid etching on the landscape of our minds. Bob Marley was never seen. He was an experience which left an indelible imprint with each encounter. Such a man cannot be erased from the mind. He is part of the collective consciousness of the nation.[50] Personal life Religion Rastafari movement 1897 flag of Ethiopia Main doctrines Jah Afrocentrism Ital Zion Cannabis use Central figures Haile Selassie I Jesus Menen Asfaw Marcus Garvey Key scriptures Bible Kebra Nagast The Promise Key Holy Piby My Life and Ethiopias Progress Royal Parchment Scroll of Black Supremacy Branches and festivals Mansions United States Shashamane Grounation Day Reasoning Notable individuals Leonard Howell Joseph Hibbert Mortimer Planno Vernon Carrington Charles Edwards Bob Marley Peter Tosh See also Vocabulary Persecution Dreadlocks Reggae Ethiopian Christianity Index of Rastafari articles v t e Bob Marley was a member for some years of the Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. Bob Marley became an ardent proponent of Rastafari, taking their music out of the socially deprived areas of Jamaica and onto the international music scene. He once gave the following response, which was typical, to a question put to him during a recorded interview: Interviewer: Can you tell the people what it means being a Rastafarian? Bob: I would say to the people, Be still, and know that His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is the Almighty. Now, the Bible seh so, Babylon newspaper seh so, and I and I the children seh so. Yunno? So I dont see how much more reveal our people want. Wha dem want? a white God, well God come black. True true.[51] Observant of the Rastafari practice Ital, a diet that shuns meat, Marley was a vegetarian.[52] According to his biographers, he affiliated with the Twelve Tribes Mansion. He was in the denomination known as Tribe of Joseph, because he was born in February (each of the twelve sects being composed of members born in a different month). He signified this in his album liner notes, quoting the portion from Genesis that includes Jacobs blessing to his son Joseph. Shortly before his death, Marley was baptised into Christianity by Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Kingston, Jamaica, on 4 November 1980.[53][54] Family Bob Marley had a number of children: three with his wife Rita, two adopted from Ritas previous relationships, and several others with different women. The Bob Marley official website acknowledges eleven children. Those listed on the official site are: Sharon, born 23 November 1964, daughter of Rita from a previous relationship but then adopted by Marley after his marriage with Rita Cedella born 23 August 1967, to Rita David Ziggy, born 17 October 1968, to Rita Stephen, born 20 April 1972, to Rita Robert Robbie, born 16 May 1972, to Pat Williams Rohan, born 19 May 1972, to Janet Hunt Karen, born 1973 to Janet Bowen Stephanie, born 17 August 1974; according to Cedella Booker she was the daughter of Rita and a man called Ital with whom Rita had an affair; nonetheless she was acknowledged as Bobs daughter Julian, born 4 June 1975, to Lucy Pounder Ky-Mani, born 26 February 1976, to Anita Belnavis Damian, born 21 July 1978, to Cindy Breakspeare Other sites have noted additional individuals who claim to be family members,[55] as noted below: Marley had another son with Raphie Munroe, Fabian, who is a few months older than Ziggy.[56][57][58] Makeda was born on 30 May 1981, to Yvette Crichton, after Marleys death.[59] Meredith Dixons book lists her as Marleys child, but she is not listed as such on the Bob Marley official website. Various websites, for example,[60] also list Imani Carole, born 22 May 1963 to Cheryl Murray; but she does not appear on the official Bob Marley website.[59] Legacy A five pointed pink star inlaid in the sidewalk with Bob Marley written on it. Marleys star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame Awards and honors 1976: Band of the Year (Rolling Stone). June 1978: Awarded the Peace Medal of the Third World from the United Nations.[61] February 1981: Awarded Jamaicas third highest honour, the Jamaican Order of Merit.[7] March 1994: Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 1999: Album of the Century for Exodus by Time Magazine.[62] February 2001: A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. February 2001: Awarded Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.[63] 2004: Rolling Stone ranked him No.11 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[64] One Love named song of the millennium by BBC. Voted as one of the greatest lyricists of all time by a BBC poll.[65] 2006: A blue plaque was unveiled at his first UK residence in Ridgmount Gardens, London, dedicated to him by Nubian Jak community trust and supported by Her Majestys Foreign Office.[66] 2010: Catch a Fire inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame (Reggae Album).[67] Other tributes Statue of Bob Marley in Kingston A statue was inaugurated, next to the national stadium on Arthur Wint Drive in Kingston to commemorate him. In 2006, the State of New York renamed a portion of Church Avenue from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street in the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn Bob Marley Boulevard.[68] In 2008, a statue of Marley was inaugurated in Banatski Sokolac, Serbia.[69] Internationally, Marleys message also continues to reverberate among various indigenous communities. For instance, the Australian Aborigines continue to burn a sacred flame to honor his memory in Sydneys Victoria Park, while members of the Amerindian Hopi and Havasupai tribe revere his work.[61] There are also many tributes to Bob Marley throughout India, including restaurants, hotels, and cultural festivals.[70][71] In popular culture Marley has also evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandised through a variety of mediums. In light of this, author Dave Thompson in his book Reggae and Caribbean Music, laments what he perceives to be the commercialized pacification of Marleys more militant edge, stating: Bob Marley ranks among both the most popular and the most misunderstood figures in modern culture ... That the machine has utterly emasculated Marley is beyond doubt. Gone from the public record is the ghetto kid who dreamed of Che Guevara and the Black Panthers, and pinned their posters up in the Wailers Soul Shack record store; who believed in freedom; and the fighting which it necessitated, and dressed the part on an early album sleeve; whose heroes were James Brown and Muhammad Ali; whose God was Ras Tafari and whose sacrament was marijuana. Instead, the Bob Marley who surveys his kingdom today is smiling benevolence, a shining sun, a waving palm tree, and a string of hits which tumble out of polite radio like candy from a gumball machine. Of course it has assured his immortality. But it has also demeaned him beyond recognition. Bob Marley was worth far more.[72] Film adaptations A feature-length documentary about his life, Rebel Music, won various awards at the Grammys. With contributions from Rita, The Wailers, and Marleys lovers and children, it also tells much of the story in his own words. Ex-girlfriend and filmmaker Esther Anderson, along with Gian Godoy, made the documentary Bob Marley: The Making of a Legend, which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival in 2011.[73] In February 2008, director Martin Scorsese announced his intention to produce a documentary movie on Marley. The film was set to be released on 6 February 2010, on what would have been Marleys 65th birthday.[74] However, Scorsese dropped out due to scheduling problems. He was replaced by Jonathan Demme,[75] who dropped out due to creative differences with producer Steve Bing during the beginning of editing. Kevin Macdonald replaced Demme[76] and the film, Marley, was released on 20 April 2012. In March 2008, The Weinstein Company announced its plans to produce a biopic of Bob Marley, based on the book No Woman No Cry: My Life With Bob Marley by Rita Marley. Rudy Langlais will produce the script by Lizzie Borden and Rita Marley will be executive producer.[77] Discography Main article: Bob Marley and the Wailers discography Studio albums The Wailing Wailers (1965) Soul Rebels (1970) Soul Revolution (1971) The Best of the Wailers (1971) Catch a Fire (1973) Burnin (1973) Natty Dread (1974) Rastaman Vibration (1976) Exodus (1977) Kaya (1978) Survival (1979) Uprising (1980) Confrontation (1983) Live albums Live! (1975) Babylon By Bus (1978) See also Bob Marley and the Wailers List of peace activists Cannabis leaf.svgCannabis portal Nuvola Jamaican flag.svgJamaica portal References Jump up ^ Jason Toynbee (8 May 2013). Bob Marley: Herald of a Postcolonial World. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1969–. ISBN 978-0-7456-5737-0. Retrieved 23 August 2013. Jump up ^ Lou Gooden (2003). Reggae Heritage: Jamaicas Music History, Culture & Politic. AuthorHouse. pp. 293–. ISBN 978-1-4107-8062-1. Retrieved 25 August 2013. 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Retrieved 4 June 2010. Jump up ^ 30 Year Anniversary of Bob Marleys Death. Orthodoxhistory.org. Retrieved 11 May 2011. Jump up ^ Moskowitz 2007, p. 116 Jump up ^ Bob Marley. Find a Grave. 1 January 2001. Retrieved 16 April 2009. Jump up ^ Henke 2006, p. 58 Jump up ^ Davis, Steven, Bob Marley: the biography (1983) p. 115 Jump up ^ Bob Marley. The International Vegetarian Union. Retrieved 16 December 2009. Jump up ^ The Ethiopian Orthodox Church & Bob Marleys Baptism And The Church. Jamaicans. Jump up ^ Bob Marleys Baptism in Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Rastafarispeaks. Jump up ^ Marley, Rita (2004). No Woman, No Cry: My Life with Bob Marley (1st ed.). Retrieved August 23, 2013. Jump up ^ Anonymous (2013-04-28). Interviews. Reggae.be. Retrieved 2013-08-25. Jump up ^ Have, Martin. Another Marley in Zim | The Zimbabwean. Thezimbabwean.co. Retrieved 2013-08-25. Jump up ^ Its My Time Now - Fabian Marley Looks For His Chance, Jamaica Gleaner, 11 August 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013 ^ Jump up to: a b Dixon, Meredith. Lovers and Children of the Natural Mystic: The Story of Bob Marley, Women and their Children. The Dread Library. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Jump up ^ Bob Marleys Children. Chelseas Entertainment reviews. Retrieved 28 December 2009. ^ Jump up to: a b Henke 2006, p. 5 Jump up ^ The Best Of The Century. Time (Time Inc.). 31 December 1999. Retrieved 16 April 2009. Jump up ^ Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award for Bob Marley. Caribbean Today. 31 January 2001. Retrieved 4 October 2009. Jump up ^ The Immortals: The First Fifty. Rolling Stone Issue 946. Jann Wenner. Jump up ^ Who is the greatest lyricist of all time. BBC. 23 May 2001. Jump up ^ London honours legendary reggae artist Bob Marley with heritage plaque. AfricaUnite.org. Jump up ^ Grammy Hall of Fame Awards Complete Listing. Grammy. Jump up ^ Brooklyn Street Renamed Bob Marley Boulevard. NY1. 2 July 2006. Retrieved 6 October 2009. Jump up ^ n. Marinković, Marli u Sokolcu. Politika.rs. Retrieved 31 October 2011. Jump up ^ Singh, Sarina; Brown, Lindsay; Elliot, Mark; Harding, Paul; Hole, Abigail; Horton, Patrick (2009). Lonely Planet India. Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet. p. 1061. ISBN 978-1-74179-151-8. Retrieved 7 July 2011. Jump up ^ Bob Marley Cultural Fest 2010. Cochin Square. 4 May 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2011. Jump up ^ Reggae and Caribbean Music, by Dave Thompson, Hal Leonard Corporation, 2002, ISBN 0-87930-655-6, pp. 159 Jump up ^ Elaine Downs (23 June 2011). Edinburgh International Film Festival 2011: Bob Marley – the Making of a Legend | News | Edinburgh | STV. Local.stv.tv. Retrieved 26 July 2012. Jump up ^ Winter Miller (17 February 2008). Scorsese to make Marley documentary. Ireland On-Line. Retrieved 6 March 2008. Jump up ^ Martin Scorsese Drops Out of Bob Marley Documentary. WorstPreviews. 22 May 2008. Retrieved 26 May 2008. Jump up ^ Kevin Jagernauth (2 February 2011). Kevin Macdonald Takes Over Marley Doc From Jonathan Demme. indieWire. Retrieved 22 February 2012. Jump up ^ Miller, Winter (3 March 2008). Weinstein Co. options Marley. Variety (Reed Business Information). Retrieved 3 March 2008. Further reading Farley, Christopher (2007). Before the Legend: The Rise of Bob Marley, Amistad Press ISBN 0-06-053992-5 Goldman, Vivien (2006). The Book of Exodus: The Making and Meaning of Bob Marley and the Wailers Album of the Century, Aurum Press ISBN 1-84513-210-6 Henke, James (2006). Marley Legend: An Illustrated Life of Bob Marley. Tuff Gong books. ISBN 0-8118-5036-6 Marley, Rita; Jones, Hettie (2004) No Woman No Cry: My Life with Bob Marley Hyperion Books ISBN 0-7868-8755-9 Masouri, John (2007) Wailing Blues: The Story of Bob Marleys Wailers Wise Publications ISBN 1-84609-689-8 Middleton, J. Richard (2000). Identity and Subversion in Babylon: Strategies for Resisting Against the System in the Music of Bob Marley and the Wailers. Religion, Culture, and Tradition in the Caribbean. St. Martins Press. pp. 181–198. ISBN 978-0-312-23242-9 Moskowitz, David (2007). The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Westport, Connecticut, United States: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-275-98935-6 White, Timothy (2006). Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-8050-8086-4. External links Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bob Marley Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bob Marley. Official website Bob Marley at the Internet Movie Database [show] Bob Marley [show] v t e Pan-Africanism Authority control WorldCat VIAF: 14778710 LCCN: n81020153 ISNI: 0000 0001 2276 8131 GND: 118578057 BNF: cb11956164v This is a good article. Click here for more information. 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