The course of true love never did run smooth Balochi Literature The first recorded works of folk literature-epics, romantic ballads, lyrical and heroic poems depicting the legendary history and genealogy of the Balochi tribesdates back to the sixteenth century. The extant poems include: Hani and Shah Murad, Shahdad and Mahnaz, Lallah and Granaz, Bebarg and Granaz, Mast and Sammo. They reflect the social structure of the traditional *Balochi society, its code of honour, and military skills. The more noteworthy poets of the early period are: Mir Chakar Khan Rind (early sixteenth century), Mir Biwragh Puzh Rind, Gwahram Lashari, Mir Shahdad, Shah Murad Kaheri and Baloch Gargej. Some rulers of Kalat, such as Abdullah Khan (r. 1715-30) and Khan Khudad Khan (r. 1875-93), patronised literature and the arts. Jam Durrak Dombki, who introduced the ghazal into Balochi poetry, worked at the court of Mir Nasir Khan (1750-95). Other notables in eighteenth to nineteenth century Balochi poetry were Mullah Fazil Rind, Mullah Ismail, Izzat Panjguri, Jihand Rind, Muhammad Khan Gishkori, ur Muhammad Bampushti, Usman Kalamati, Mitha Khan and Haidar Balachani. In the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century small circles of poets existed at the Khans courts and tribal leaders camps. The wellknown poets of those days include Huzur Baksh Jatoi, Mast Tawakkali, Jawansal Bugti, Rahim Ali Shaheja, Ismail Pullabadi, and Mullah Ismail Sarbazi. Balochi prose didnt appear until the beginning of the twentieth century. It consisted mainly of textbooks, commentaries on religious texts, translations from other languages and short stories published in periodical . Balochi literature made great progress on the eve of and following, Pakistans liberation from the colonial yoke, when the poetry expressed strong patriotic sentiments related to the struggle for independence, and for the development of the Balochi language and folk traditions. A number of cultural and literary societies sprang up, such as Anjuman-i-Lslah-i-Balochan (the Society for Balochi Education) (1946), Balochistan Progressive Writers Association (1949), Balochi Sarchmay (1951) and *Balochi Academy (1961). A number of Balochi periodicals were established: a literary monthly Uman. (1950), the journals Naukin daur (New Times), Ulus (1960), Saugat (Good News); Zamana Balochi (1968), San), Balochi, and newspaper Jad-o-Jihad (Struggle). Among the poets, particularly noteworthy are Azad Jamaldini (b. 1918), Sayid Zahur Muhammad Hashmi (1926-85), and Mir Gul Khan Nasir (1914-83). These were innovative poets, who strove to introduce new elements into the imagery and subject matter of Balochi poetry: Muhammad Husain Unqa (b. 1924), Mumin Bazdar (b. 1930), and Ata Shad (b. 1939). Considerable contributions to Balochi poetry have also been made by Muhammad Ishaq Shamim (b. 1923), Qazi Abdurrahim Sabir (b. 1919), Abdul Hakim Haqqu (b. 1912), Murad Sahar (b. 1929), Malik Muhammad Taqi (b. 1921), Ahmad Jigar (b. 1921), and Dost Muhamad Bekas (b. 1916). Prominent prose writers include Muhammad Hu ain Unqa, Azad Jamaldini, Mali Muhammad Panah (b. 1913), Muhammad Beg Baloch (b. 1936), and Muhammad Sadiq Azad (b. 1941). Periodicals occasionally carried translations from foreign authors, including Leo Tolstoy, Chekhov, Gorky, and some Urdu writers such as Krishan Chandar. Despite the achievements of post-partition Balochi literature, its progress has been hampered by the low education level of the Balochi population, lack of stability in the literary journals and few publishing houses. BIBLIOGRAPHY: M. Longworth Dames, Popular Poetry of the Baloches, Vol. I-II, London, 1907; Hetu Ram, Baloehi Nama, Lahore, 1881; 1.1. Zarubin, Balochi Tales, Vol. I, Leningrad, 1932, Vol. 2, Moscow-Leningrad, 1949 (in Russian); Niamatullah Gichky, Baloehi Language and its Literature, Newsletter of Balochistan Studies, No.3, Naples, 1986; Abdullah Ian Jamaldini, Balochi Adab men Fikri Irtiqa (Evolution of Philosophy in Balochi Literature), lrtiqa, Karachi, February 1989.
Posted on: Mon, 05 Jan 2015 05:42:11 +0000
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