Tribes consolidated In March 1875, the government closed the Yavapai-Apache Camp Verde Reservation, and marched the residents 180 miles (290 km) to the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation. More than 100 Yavapai died during the winter trek. After the Chiricahuan Apache were deported east to Florida in 1886, San Carlos became the reservation for various other relocated Apachean-speaking groups. These included the Pinal Coyotero of the northern Gila River area, the former San Carlos Apache bands : Aravaipa (also Arivaipa or Tsee Zhinnee), Pinaleño (also Pinal Apache or Tiis Ebah Nnee), Apache Peaks (also called Bichi Lehe Nnee), and San Carlos proper (also Tiis Zhaazhe Bikoh - ′Small cottonwood canyon People′), the former Canyon Creek, Carrizo Creek and Cibecue bands of the Cibecue Apache,[6] various bands of Southern Tonto Apache, Tsiltaden (“mountain side people”, a clan or band of the Chiricahua Apache, associated with and hence taken to be a part of the Pinaleño) some Eastern White Mountain Apache (Dził Ghą́ʼ oder Dzil Ghaa a - ‘On Top of Mountains People’ ) and the Lipan, Dzil Dlaazhe (Mount Turnbull Apache, a mixed Kwevekapaya - San Carlos Apache band).By the early 1900s, Yavapai were drifting away from the San Carlos Reservation, and were requesting permission to live on the grounds of the original Camp Verde Reservation. After the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the various groups formed a government together and became federally recognized as the San Carlos Nation. Grenville Goodwin, an anthropologist who had lived with the Western Apache since the late 1920s, helped them to decide what government they wanted to form under the new law to gain back more sovereignty. In 2011, the San Carlos Apache Tribe’s Language Preservation Program, located in Peridot, Arizona, began its outreach to the 14,000 tribal members residing within the districts of Bylas (Eastern White Mountain Apache, San Carlos and Southern Tonto), Gilson Wash, Peridot and Seven Mile Wash (Apache Peaks band). Population As of Monday July 7, 2014; the current total population of the San Carlos Apache Tribe is 15,392 members; this total includes all members on and off reservation. Richard Hoffman, Tribal Enrollment Director, San Carlos Apache Tribe. The 2000 census reported the reservation population at 9,385. Its largest communities are San Carlos and adjacent Peridot. The San Carlos Reservation is one of the poorest Native American communities in the United States, with an annual median household income of approximately $14,000 in 2000, according to the US Census. About 60% of the people live under the poverty line, and 68% of the active labor force is unemployed. Geography Encompassing 2,910.7 square miles (7,538.7 km²) of land area, the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation lies in northern Graham, southeastern Gila, and eastern Pinal Counties. It is the tenth-largest Indian reservation in land area. Landscape of the area varies considerably, including desert, alpine meadows, and Ponderosa Pine forest. Its largest community is San Carlos. The Fort Apache Indian Reservation, which has a smaller land area but a population of more than 12,000, is directly north of the San Carlos Reservation.
Posted on: Thu, 30 Oct 2014 11:05:10 +0000
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