Under Article 13.3 of Additional Protocol II, the loss of protection exists only “for such time as [civilians] take a direct part in hostilities.” Examples of active (direct) participation in hostilities include such activities as attacking the enemy, his materiel or facilities; sabotaging enemy installations; acting as members of a gun crew or artillery spotters; delivering ammunition; or gathering military intelligence in the area of hostilities.
Posted on: Mon, 21 Jul 2014 10:53:14 +0000