University of Missouri Extension crop and farm update June 5, 2013 Topics Flooded Corn Fields Nitrogen Loss in Flooded Corn Fields Flooded Soybeans Fields Weed Control from Flooded Soybeans Fields Lodged Wheat Fields Crop Insurance - Delayed and Prevented Planting Provisions Agronomy Information by Anthony Ohmes Southeast Region Extension Agronomist (573) 243-3582 Flooded Corn Fields Heavy rains at the end of last week resulted in many fields under water. The biggest concern with flooding fields is oxygen depletion. Soil oxygen in flooded fields is depleted within approximately 48 hours. In general, air temperatures below 77 degrees F will aid in survival during the flooded period of time. Research indicates emerged corn, prior to 6th leaf stage, can survive up to 4 days when air temp is less than 77 degrees F. As air temps increase, this time period can be reduce from 4 days to 1 day. In addition to oxygen depletion, concerns associated with flooding at this stage are nitrogen loss, stacking nodes (short corn) and crazy top. Nitrogen Loss in Flooded Corn Fields Monitor fields for signs of nitrogen loss. A good visual guide to nutrient deficiencies can be found on the web: extension.missouri.edu/p/IPM1016 Corn utilizes 2/3 (66%) of N from V6 through VT (tasseling) extension.missouri.edu/p/IPM1016 It uses an additional 20% for grain formation. Research by Peter Scharf has shown that late season applications of N through R1 (silking) has increased yield potential, especially when plants were showing signs of N stress. Tissue tests mid– to late-season could help determine a need for additional N to help the crop reach full yield potential. If concerned, collect leaf samples for analysis from upper leaves on plants over 12 inches. Collect ear-leaf tissue on tasseling plants in order to get an accurate assessment of plant needs. With saturated or flooded soils and increasing temperatures, corn cell elongation is reduced due to increased respiration and decreased soil oxygen. This stacking of nodes can have a negative influence on flower (ear) development. There is nothing that can be done to improve this process other than, if your field drains poorly, improve drainage. The other potential problem is if water goes over the top of corn. Water could carry downy mildew spores into the whorl which potentially can cause some plants to express excessive tillering or proliferation of the tassel known as crazy top. Flooded Soybeans Fields Flooding or saturated soils are also a concern in soybeans for the same reasons as corn, oxygen depletion. For more information on oxygen and seedling health refer to the following MU IPM article: ipm.missouri.edu/ipcm/2013/5/Heavy-Rains-Exclude-Oxygen-Needed-for-Seedling-Health-from-Soils/. Continue to monitor soybean stands and if replant decisions are to made consider referencing the following MU guide: extension.missouri.edu/p/G4091. Weed Control from Flooded Soybeans Fields Weed management must include residuals. The persistence of those residuals are influenced by a host of factors, including excess rainfall. Don’t assume that since a residual herbicide was applied that it will persist for the text book time period. Scout often because the postemergence pigweed window can open and close within 2 days. Postemergence herbicides should include a residual such as metolachlor, acetochlor, or dimethenamid that are labeled up to V3 (3 trifoliate leaves) soybeans. Lodged Wheat Fields Heavy rain and intense wind has resulted in lodged wheat. Research on the impact on yield in lodge wheat has been conducted with the conclusions that stage of development and stem angle of the lodged wheat resulted in varying levels of yield loss. Research out of Illinois indicated that simulated complete lodging at head emergence (Feekes 10.5), milk, soft dough, and hard dough stages reduced yield 31%, 25%, 20% and 12%, respectively. Another factor that influences overall yield is the angle of lodging. For example wheat lodged at an average of 45 degrees tends to have less yield loss that wheat with an average lodging angle of 80+ degrees (complete lodging). There are many factors contributing to yield loss in downed wheat, one of the main influences is reduced light interception of the flag leaf reducing the accumulation of photosynthates over time. Specific yield loss is difficult to pin down, but research does indicate that one can expect some level of yield loss based on the above data. Crop Insurance - Delayed and Prevented Planting Provisions David Reinbott My goal is to give some insight and clarity to the delayed and prevented planting provisions of crop insurance. The most important first step is to contact your crop insurance agent before you make any decisions on the planting, replanting or abandoning of acres. There are many rules and regulations that need to be followed so it is important that you stay in close contact with your crop insurance agent. Each crop and insurance product has its own special rules and regulations that need to be followed. Below are links to guides that will help you in understanding the delayed and prevented planting provisions. At the end of the publication from Iowa State, there is a flow chart that I found very helpful. Iowa State University extension.iastate.edu/agdm/crops/html/a1-57.html University of Illinois farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2013/05/evaluating-prevented-planting-corn.html USDA – Risk Management Agency rma.usda.gov/pubs/rme/ppflood.pdf rma.usda.gov/ You must remember the final planting dates and the late planting periods are different for each state and for each crop. Missouri’s provisions will be different from Illinois, Kentucky and Arkansas. Planting Dates for Southeast Missouri Corn - May 10 Final Planting Date Late Planting Period 20 Days – Ends May 30 Counties: Butler. Dunklin, Mississippi, New Madrid, Pemiscot, Scott, and Stoddard Corn - May 25 Final Planting Date Late Planting Period 20 Days – Ends June 14 Counties: Bollinger, Cape and Perry Corn Replant Payment equals 8 Bushels X $5.65 Soybeans – June 25 Final Planting Date Late Planting Period 25 Days – Ends July 20 All counties in Southeast Missouri except Perry Soybeans – June 20 Final Planting Date Late Planting Period 25 Days – Ends July 15 Perry County only Soybean Replant Payment equals 3 Bushels X $12.87 Rice - May 25 Final Planting Date Late Planting Period 15 Days – Ends June 10 Rice Replant Payment equals 400 lb. X $0.161 Cotton - May 20 Final Planting Date Late Planting Period 15 Days – Ends June 5 Important Points to Know If a second crop is planted before the end of Late Planting Period for the Prevented Planted crop, no prevented planted payment will be paid. The Revenue guarantee will be reduced 1% per day on all crops planted within the Late Planting Period. The original planting date and acreage on replants should be reported to your insurance agent as soon as possible. If the first crop fails and you are not planting back to the same crop, make sure you call your crop insurance agent. First crop losses must be reported and a claim submitted before you can plant a second crop. Delayed and Prevented Planting Examples I want to go through some situations and options a farmer may have. In each situation I will use corn as my original crop and final date to plant corn May 10. I will also use Revenue Protection (RP) in my examples and a Revenue Guarantee of $635/acre (150 bushel APH X $5.65 corn price X 75% coverage level). Also in the situations where the crop was planted and damaged due to the flooding, the crop insurance company projected a 100% loss. The first situation is when the corn crop cannot be planted on time – Prevented Planting. 1. Corn is initially planted after final planting date of May 10 There is a 20-day late planting period that begins after the final planting date. As I mentioned earlier, for most of Southeast Missouri the final planting date is May 10. Any acres initially planted during the late planting period (May 11 – May 30) will receive a lower revenue guarantee than those acres planted earlier. The coverage is reduced 1 percent per day for each of the next 20 days. If corn is initially planted on May 20, the revenue guarantee will be reduced 10% to $572, (10 days X 1% per day X $635/acre). 2. Corn is initially planted after the late planting period May 30. The Revenue Guarantee is reduced to 60% or $381 ($635/acre X 60%). The producer has the option to insure the corn crop if initially planted after the end of the late planting period. 3. Corn is declared prevented planting and nothing is planted If nothing is planted, an indemnity payment will be made of 60% of the Revenue Guarantee of $381 ($635/acre X 60%). 4. Corn is declared prevented planting but soybeans are planted after the late planting period of May 30. The soybeans must be insured and an indemnity payment will be made equal to 35% of the prevented planting payment of the corn of $133 ($635/acre X 60% X 35%). Also, a yield equal to 60% of the approved yield for the prevented planting corn acreage would be entered into the 2013 APH. The second situation is when the corn crop was planted before the final planting date but is severely damaged by the flooding 1. Leave the corn crop and harvest as is The Revenue Guarantee will be $635/acre (150 bushel APH X $5.65 corn price X 75% coverage level). If the yield is severely damaged, an indemnity payment will be made if the fall harvest revenue is below $635/acre. 2. Replant the corn crop and collect a replant payment If the corn crop is projected to produce less than 90% of the guarantee yield, the producer can receive a payment equal to the projected price of $5.65 X 8 bushels or $45.20. In this example with a 150 APH and 75% coverage level, the corn yield would need to be less than 101 bu/acre (150 bu X 75% X 90%). 3. Plant a second crop of soybeans not insured In this situation the crop insurance company projects a 100% loss and allows the corn crop to be destroyed. A 100% indemnity payment will be made based on the estimated yield loss on the corn. If corn is estimated as a 100% loss, indemnity payment is $635/acre (150 bushel APH X $5.65 corn price X 75% coverage level). 4. Plant a second crop of soybeans and buy insurance In this situation the crop insurance company projects a 100% loss and allows the corn crop to be destroyed. If the soybean crop is insured, the producer will first receive 35% of loss payment of the corn, $222 (150 bushel APH X $5.65 corn price X 75% coverage level X 35%). If the soybeans do not have a loss, the other 65% will be paid at harvest, $413 acre (150 bushel APH X $5.65 corn price X 75% coverage level X 65%). If the soybeans do have a revenue loss, the producer can choose to take the second 65% corn payment, $413, or the soybean loss, whichever is greater. 5. The corn crop is destroyed or released and nothing is planted back In this situation the crop insurance company projects a 100% loss and allows the corn crop to be destroyed. A 100% indemnity payment will be made of $635/acre (150 bushel APH X $5.65 corn price X 75% coverage level).
Posted on: Fri, 07 Jun 2013 13:28:44 +0000
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